nounced war were called feciales; and those who went to demand peace caduceatores, because they bore a caduceus in their hand. The caduceus on medals is a common symbol, signifying good conduct, peace, and prosperity. The rod expresses power, the two serpents prudence, and the two wings diligence.

CADUCI, in botany, to fall, the name of a class in Linnæus's Calycina, consisting of plants whose calyx is a simple perianthium, supporting a single flower or fructification, and falling off either before or with the petals. It stands op posed to the classes persistentes, and is exemplified in mustard and ranunculus.

CADURCUM, CADURCUS, or CADURX, in ancient geography, a town of Aquitania; situated between the river Oldus, running from the north, and the Tarnis from the south, and falling into the Garumna; now called Cahors.

CADUS, in antiquity, a wine-vessel, containing eighty amphorae or firkins; each of which, according to the best accounts, held nine gallons, though some make them only seven. See Aм

PHORA.

CECILIA, in zoology, a genus of serpents belonging to the amphibia class. The cæcilia has no scales; it is smooth, and moves by means of lateral rugæ or prickles. The upper lip is prominent, and furnished with two tentacula. It has no tail. There are only two species, viz. 1. C. glutinosa, with 340 rugæ or prickles above, and ten below, the anus. It is of a brownish color, with a white line on the side, and is a native of the Indies, and South America. 2. C. tentaculata, with 135 ruga. It is about a foot long, and an inch in circumference, preserving a uniform cylindrical shape from the one end to the other. The teeth are very small. It has such a resemblance to an eel that it may easily be mistaken for one; but, as it has neither fins nor gills, it cannot be classed with the fishes. It is a native of America, and its bite is not poisonous.

CÆCULUS, a son of Vulcan, conceived, as some say, by his mother, when a spark of fire fell into her bosom. He was called Cæculus, because his eyes were small. After a life spent in plundering and rapine, he built Præneste: but being unable to find inhabitants, he implored Vulcan to show whether he really was his father. Upon this a flame suddenly shone among the multitude who were assembled to see some spectacle, and they were immediately persuaded to become the subjects of Cæculus. Virg. Æn. 7, v. 680, says that he was found in fire by shepherds, and on that account called son of Vulcan, who is the god of fire.

CECUM, or CaсUM, the blind gut, so called from its being perforated at one end only. The first portion of the large intestines, placed in the right iliac region, about four fingers' breadth in length. It is in this intestine that the ileum terminates by a valve, called the valve of the cæcum, and the appendicula cæci vermiformis is also attached to it. See ANATOMY. CELEBS, in entomology, a species of cimex, of brownish gray color, with three points on the scutellum, and a yellowish apex. First found in New Holland.

CÆLUS, in the Pagan mythology, the god

of the heavens, was represented as the son of Æther and Dies, the father of Saturn and Ops, and progenitor of all the gods.

CEMENT. See CEMENT.

CÆMENTUM, in oryctology, a genus of argillaceous earths, consisting of iron, alumine, a large quantity of silica, and generally a small portion of carbonate of lime; hardish, lightish, and porous; of an earthy texture; imbibing water with a hissing noise; crackling when dried, rough; without lustre: when powdered and beaten up with water and quicklime, becoming so hard as not to be penetrated by water; easily melting in the fire into a black scoria. Three species. 1. C. tufa. Tufa. Tuffwacke. Collected into entire cliffs, and vast strata about volcanic mountains. Found particularly about Naples and Rome. It is commonly magnetic, of an earthy fracture, and not easily decomposed by the action of the air. 2. C. tarras. Trass. Forming large strata under the surface of the common soil. Found on the banks of the Rhine; principally near Andernach, and on mount Vogelberg, some feet under the surface, where streams of water have not had access; dull, gray or blackish, rarely variegated. When pounded, it makes the best cement for buildings under water. 3. C. columnare. Prismatic cement. There are two varieties; the prisms being sometimes five and sometimes six-sided. Found on the banks of the Rhine, and sometimes near the base of mount Etna, in columnar masses of a gray color, close to each other, and forming internally the common mass.

CAEN, a considerable town in France, in the department of the Calvados, and ci-devant province of Lower Normandy, of which it was the capital. It has a celebrated university, founded in 1431, by our Henry VI., and an academy of literature; and contains twelve parish churches, and about 40,000 citizens. It has also a castle which was built by the English. The town is built chiefly of a white stone, which, though not durable, is of beautiful appearance, and the streets are wider than those of most French towns. The principal squares are the Place Royal, and the Place St. Sauveur. In the former is the Hotel de Ville, a public library, and the Musée des Arts. Our William the conqueror, who was buried here, built the Abbaye aux Hommes; which is a noble, though rather plain structure. The Palais de Justice is a handsome modern building. Malherbe was born here, and Huet, bishop of Avranches. There is a considerable trade carried on at Caen in linen, lace, stockings, caps, and serges, of home manufacture, as well as in cattle, horses, dye stuffs, cider, and skins. The town is but eight miles from the sea, and has a good communication with it by the river Orne, which vessels of 160 tons burden can ascend with the tide. The neighbourhood is pleasant and fertile, but flat. Edward III. was stoutly resisted here in 1346; but the English took Caen in 1417, and retained it thirty-one years. It is sixty-two miles west by south of Rouen, and 132 west by north of Paris. Long. 0° 27′ W., lat. 49° 11′ N.

CÆRE, in ancient geography, a town of Etruria, the royal residence of Mezentius. Its an

cient name was Argyllæ. In Strabo's time not the least vestige of it remained, except the baths called Cæritana.

CERITES TABULE, the tables of the Roman censors. In these were entered the names of such as for some misdemeanor forfeited their right of suffrage, or were degraded from a higher to a less honorable tribe. They were so named from the people of Care, who hospitably receiving the Romans after the taking of Rome by the Gauls, were, on the Romans recovering their city, honored with all the privileges of citizens, except the right of voting.

CAERMARTHEN. See CARMARTHEN. CAERNARVON. See CARNARVON. CAERLEON, an ancient market town of Monmouthshire, on the Usk, over which is a handsome stone bridge, is said to have been a residence of one of the British kings, and was at a very early period distinguished for its ecclesiastical and literary foundations. Its name signifies the fort or town of Leon. By the Romans it was called Isca, Isca Colonia, and Civitas Legionis II. Augustæ. In order to distinguish it from Exeter, which was likewise called Isca, it was also denominated Isca Silurum. Here the Roman prætor resided, and had his Palatium, which, in all probability, was where the old mansion called the lodge now stands. Here also the courts were held for Britannia Secunda, and the imperial edicts were promulgated. Mr. Cox, the tourist, endeavoured to take a survey of the ancient city, which appeared to him to be oblong, inclining to a square, enclosing a circumference of 1800 yards, but the Roman city must have had extensive suburbs.

Giraldus Cambrensis visited Caerleon, in making the tour of Wales with archbishop Baldwin, in the year 1180. At that time it was hastening to decay; but to the learned archdeacon it continued to display evident marks of former magnificence. He speaks of its splendid palaces, which once emulated with their gilded roofs the grandeur of Rome, for it was originally built by the Roman princes, and adorned with stately edifices; a gigantic tower, numerous baths, ruins of a temple, and a theatre, the walls of which are partly standing. Here we still see,' he adds, both within and without the walls, subterraneous buildings, aqueducts and vaulted caverns, and stoves so excellently contrived, as to convey their heat through secret and imperceptible pores.' Of its Christian antiquities he says, Here lie two illustrious, and next to Alban and Amphibalus, the two most celebrated protomartyrs of Britain, Julius and Aaron, of whom both had a church within the city, dedicated to their memory; for, in former ages, it contained three fine churches: the first was that of Julius, adorned with a convent of Franciscan friars,

devoted to the virgin deity; the second, that a his holy associate Aaron, and illustrious for its order of regular canons; the third was at one time the metropolitan church of all Cambria. Part of an ancient castle is still remaining; it appears to have been 300 yards in circumference; and from the eminence on which it was situated, commanded one of the most beautiful and extensive views in England. There is an amphitheatre on the banks of the Usk, of an oval concavity, measuring seventy-four yards by sixtyfour, and six in depth: the natives call it king Arthur's round table. The present church, a good specimen of the Norman era, is kept in good repair by the testamentary benefaction of the late Charles Williams, Esq. a native of the place. He also founded a charity-school for thirty boys and twenty girls. The town now consists only of two or three small streets. In the vicinity are extensive iron and tin works. The market is on Thursday, and well supplied. There is also a smaller market on Saturday.

CÆRULATA, in entomology, a species of phalana geometra, the wings of which are banded with two cæruleous bands.

CERULEA, sky blue, the specific name of a chrysomela, pimelia cicindelia," and necydalis, so called from their shining blue color.

CERULEA, in ichthyology, a species of coryphæna, found in the American Ocean.

CERULEA, in ornithology, an American spe cies of ardca; the blue heron of Latham; the blue bittern of Catesby. The color of the body is blue, whence its name. Also, an Indian species of alcedo; the ispida indica torquata of Brisson; and the white collared king's fisher of Latham. Also, a species of procellaria; the blue petrel of Latham. Also, a fine species of certhia or creeper, from Cayenne. Also, a South Ame rican columba; the tlacapoilotl of Ray; and blue pigeon of Latham. And, lastly, a species of muscicapa, or fly-catcher, found in the Philippine isles. This is the azure fly-catcher of Latham.

CÆRULEOCEPHALIA, in entomology, a species of cantharis with a red thorax, fuscous wing cases, and the posterior part of the head blue black. Also, a species of bombyx, commonly called the figure of eight moth.

CĂRULEOCEPHALA, in ornithology, a species of alcedo. Buffon calls it martin-pecheur à tete bleue, and petit-martin-pécheur du Senegal; and it is the blue-headed king's fisher of Latham.

CÆRULEOCEPHALUS, in entomology, a species of curculio, of a violet color, with testaceous thorax and elytræ. Found in Germany. CARULEOCEPHALUS, in ornithology, a species of psittacus; the red and blue parrot of Willoughby and Latham. Found in Guiana and Cayenne.