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Lævo suspensi loculos tabulamque lacerto.

Est "animus tibi, sunt mores, est lingua, fidesque:

Sed quadringentis sex septem millia desint;

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Plebs eris. At pueri ludentes, Rex eris, aiunt,

Si rectè facies. Hic murus aheneus esto,

Nil conscire sibi, nulla pallescere culpâ.

'Roscia, dic sodes, melior lex, an puerorum est

NOTES.

"Vilius est auro argentum, virtutibus aurum ;"

which only says, That as silver is of less value than gold, so gold is of less value than virtue: in which, simple inferiority, and not the proportion of it, is implied. For it was as contrary to the author's purpose, as it is to common sense, to suppose, that virtue was but just as much better than gold, as gold is better than silver. Yet Mr. Pope, too attentive to his constant object, conciseness, has, before he was aware, fallen into this absurd meaning. However, this and many other inaccuracies in his works had been corrected, had he lived; as many, that now first appear in this edition, were actually corrected a little before his death.

And here I cannot but do justice to one of his many good qualities, a very rare one, indeed, and what none but a truly great genius can afford to indulge; I mean his extreme readiness, and unfeigned pleasure, in acknowledging his mistakes this, with an impatience to reform them, he possessed in a greater degree, and with less affectation, than any man I ever knew. Warburton. Ver. 84. notches sticks] Exchequer tallies. Warburton.

Ver. 85. Barnard in spirit, sense, and truth abounds;] Sir John Barnard. It was the Poet's purpose to say, that this great man (who does so much honour to his country) had a fine genius, improved and put in use by a true understanding; and both, under the guidance of an integrity superior to all the temptations of interest, honours, or any meaner passion. Many events, since the paying this tribute to his virtue, have shewn how much, and how particularly it was due to him. Warburton.

Ver. 85. Barnard] Sir John Barnard, Knight, was born at Reading, and brought up at a school at Wandsworth, in Surrey; his parents were Quakers. In 1703, he quitted the Society of

Quakers,

From him whose "quills stand quiver'd at his ear, To him who notches sticks at Westminster.

66

Barnard in "spirit, sense, and truth abounds; 85 Pray then, what wants he?" Fourscore thousand pounds;

A pension, or such harness for a slave

As Bug now has, and Dorimant would have.
Barnard, thou art a 'cit, with all thy worth;

But Bug and D**1, their Honours, and so forth. 90

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Yet every child another song will sing:

Virtue, brave boys! 'tis virtue makes a king."

True, conscious honour is to feel no sin;

He's arm'd without that's innocent within;

Be this thy screen, and this thy wall of brass; 95 Compared to this, a minister's an ass.

'And say, to which shall our applause belong? This new court jargon, or the good old song?

NOTES.

Quakers, was received into the church by Compton, bishop of London, and continued a member of it. Bowles.

Ver. 88. Bug, and Dorimant] It cannot now be discovered to whom these names belong. So soon does satire become unintelligible. The same may be said of ver. 112.

Ver. 95. Be this thy screen, and this thy wall of brass ;]

"Hic murus aheneus esto."

Warton.

Dacier laughs at an able critic, who was scandalized, that the ancient scholiasts had not explained what Horace meant by a wall of brass; for, says Dacier: "Chacun se fait des difficultés à sa mode, et demande des rémarques proportionnées à son goût." He then sets himself in good earnest about this important inquiry; and, by a passage in Vegetius, luckily discovers, that it signified an old veteran, armed cap-a-pie in brass, and PLACED TO COVER HIS FELLOW. Our Poet has happily served himself of this impertinence to convey a very fine stroke of satire. Warburton.

Nænia, quæ regnum rectè facientibus offert,
Et maribus Curiis et decantata Camillis?

'Isne tibi meliùs suadet, qui, "Rem facias; rem, Si possis, rectè; si non, quocunque modo rem." Ut "propius spectes lacrymosa poëmata Pupî! An qui fortunæ te responsare superbæ Liberum et erectum, præsens hortatur et aptat? 'Quòd si me Populus Romanus fortè roget, cur Non, ut porticibus, sic judiciis fruar îsdem; Nec sequar aut fugiam, quæ diligit ipse vel odit : Olim quod vulpes ægroto cauta leoni

Respondit, referam: Quia me vestigia terrent Omnia te adversum spectantia, nulla retrorsum. ↳ Bellua multorum est capitum. Nam quid sequar, aut quem?

Pars hominum gestit conducere publica: sunt qui

NOTES.

Ver. 116. Because I see,] Both poets have told this fable, which Plato also was fond of, with an elegant brevity, a quality for which Babrius was eminent, and in which our modern fabulists miserably fail. Why did Pope omit ægroto? And why would he connect the passage that immediately follows in a forced and quaint manner, which Horace never thought of? As if the word bellua had any relation to the lion before mentioned? Warton.

Ver. 128. some farm the poor-box,] Alluding most probably to a Society, calling itself the "Charitable Corporation;" by which thousands were cheated and ruined.

Bowles.

The modern language of corrupted peers,

Or what was spoke at 'CRESSY and POITIERS? 100
Who counsels best? who whispers: "Be but great;
'With praise or infamy, leave that to fate;
Get place and wealth, if possible, with grace:
If not, by any means get wealth and place."
For what? to have a "box where eunuchs sing, 105
And foremost in the circle eye a king.

Or "he, who bids thee face with steady view
Proud fortune, and look shallow greatness

through;

And, while he bids thee, sets the example too?
If 'such a doctrine, in St. James's air,
110
Should chance to make the well-drest rabble stare;
If honest S**z take scandal at a spark,

a

That less admires the 'palace than the park:
Faith I shall give the answer Reynard gave:
"I cannot like, dread Sir, your royal cave:
Because I see, by all the tracks about,
Full many a beast goes in, but none come out."
Adieu to virtue, if you're once a slave.

Send her to court, you send her to her grave.
Well, if a king's a lion, at the least

b

The people are a many-headed beast.

Can they direct what measures to pursue,
Who know themselves so little what to do?
Alike in nothing but one lust of gold,

115

120

Just half the land would buy, and half be sold: 125 Their country's wealth our mightier misers drain, Or cross, to plunder provinces, the main ;

The rest, some farm the poor-box, some the pews; Some keep assemblies, and would keep the stews;

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"Crustis et pomis viduas venentur avaras,
Excipiantque senes, quos in vivaria mittant:
Multis occulto crescit res fœnore. Verùm
Esto, aliis alios rebus studiisque teneri:
Iidem eadem possunt horam durare probantes?
Nullus in orbe sinus Baiis prælucet amœnis,
Si dixit dives, "lacus et mare sentit amorem
Festinantis heri: cui si vitiosa libido

Fecerit auspicium, cras ferramenta Teanum

NOTES.

Ver. 130. doturds fawn;] The legacy-hunters, the hæredipetæ, were a more common character among the ancients than with us. The ridicule, therefore, is now not so striking. Lucian has five pleasant dialogues on the subject, from page 343 to 363, in the quarto edition of Hemsterhusius. Horace himself appears to have failed more in exposing this folly, than in any other of his Satires; and principally so, by mixing ancient with modern manners, and making Tiresias instruct Ulysses in petty frauds, and artifices too subtle for the old prophet and hero to dictate and to practise. Sat. v. lib. ii.

Ben Jonson's Fox is not much relished from our not being acquainted with such characters, which are finely ridiculed by Plautus, in the Soldier, 3d Act.

Illi apud me edunt, me curant, visunt quid agam ecquid velim;
Priusquam lucet, assunt; rogitant, ut nocte somnum ceperim;
Eos pro liberis habeo qui mihi mittunt munera ;
Sacrificant? dant inde partem mihi majorem, quam sibi ;
Abducunt ad exta; me ad se ad prandium, ad cœnam vocant.
Warton.

Ver. 138. Sir Job] Superior to the original; a pleasing little landscape is added to the Satire. But Greenwich-hill is not an exact parallel for Baia; where the Romans of the best taste and fashion built their villas. Pope's is the villa of a citizen. The absurd and awkward magnificence of some opulent citizens has, of late, been frequently exposed; but nowhere with more humour than in the Connoisseur, and in the characters of Sterling and Mrs.

Heidelberg

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