commonly called an impoftume: R. Apisni, abf- APO-STROPHE, Amosgoon, averfio; the mark or fign of a vowel that has been cut off at the end of a word: R. Eleepw, verto; to turn. Nug." APO-THECARY, " Anonxa, apotheca; Amo, et Onxn, conditorium, loculus; a box, or chest of drawers: R. Tilnui, pono; to lay up. Nug." APO-THEOSIS, ATolewσis, relatio inter deos; AP PENDAGE appendens; ad, et pendeo, Τείνω, τενῶ, Ion. Τε AP PER-TENENCES VEw, teneo; quoniam que arte tenemus quodammodo tendimus; pertineo; to pertain; to belong to. AP-PETENCY Пodew, row, peto: vel potius APPLE to eat; "Anaλos, tener: Græculus quivis audax fic deflecteret, et tamen fatis fcita eft allufio: Skinn."-fo hard is it to gain a Gr. deriv. from this honest Saxon; though Virgil has called them mitia poma; ripe apples; foft, mild, and pulpy. AP-PALL, Skinn. admits that this word is de-feek, defire, request. rived from pallefcere, quæ pallorem contrahunt ; and yet would not trace it to the Gr. lang. for palleo, pallefco, and pallidus, are all manifeftly derived either from Пaxu, albefacio; to whiten, to make white with fear or elfe from Пeos, lividus, luridus; wan, livid.-There is, however, another deriv. given by Ainfw. viz. à Пaλw. trepido; pallidus eft enim color timentium; unde Пaλawv pwßw, dixit Sophocles ; pale with fear. AP-PARATUS, Пigaw, paro, apparatus; prepare, preparation; any thing made, or got ready. AP-PAREL: Both Jun. and Skinn. have traced this word no higher than the Latin; viz. "apparel, ab apparatus; Fr. Gall appariliare, apparare; hæc à Lat. ad; et parilis; q. d. appariliare, i. e. ita accommodare; ut omnia optime invicem quadrent, et concinne refpondeant: Skinn."-but then, let me here observe, that the Dr. has committed a fallacy, though perhaps undefignedly; for in the firft place, he tells us that apparel is derived from apparatus; which is compounded of ad, and paro; which originates from Пgaw, Teigw, conor, tentor: vel à Пogw, Пogiw, præbeo, fuppedito: but, in the next place, he has explained apparatus, appareiller, and apparare, by "hæc à Lat. ad, et parilis:"-this is the fallacy; for parilis is derived from quite a different root; viz. à Пaga, juxta; par, paris; parilis. AР-PARENT, Пægεiμı, adfum; to be prefent, to appear; hence pareo; quafi par-eo; from the old verb Ew, fum, adfum. AP-PARITION from the fame root; figniAP-PARITORfying an appearance, or one who ferves the process for appearance in the fpiritual court. APPLE of the eye; according to our method of writing this word, any perfon would fuppofe, that by the apple of the eye we meant the ball of the eye: but, notwithstanding the apparent connexion between those two ideas, the apple of the eye means quite another thing; at leaft the deriv. points out a different meaning; for the Gr. and Lat. words, from which we have taken our expreffion, do really fignify quite a different thing from the ball of the eye; the Gr. words are ПagOrvos, Kogn, and Пaïs, and the Lat. word is pupilla; all which fignify what is commonly called the bird of the eye let us confider only the word Пaïs, from whence pupilla is thus derived Пaïs, Пoïg, Пoïλλos, ПoFiλños, pupilla; the pupil of the eye; which fignifies that little opening, or round hole, that admits the rays of light; and through which is reflected from the bottom of the eye that little image, that little boy or girl, that puppet (pupilla) which is difcerned by every perfon, who looks attentively into the eye; and is nothing more than the reflection of his own image: the apple of the eye therefore is only a diminutive of papple, or pupil, or puppilla, or II.Fixλos, or puppet in the eye-this explanation has been the more clofely attended to, because it was defigned as an explanation of that paffage in Xenophon, which is quoted by Longinus, and cenfured by that great critic: the paffage is in the fourth fection of Longinus, where he fays, Τι δεν περι Τίμαιε λεγειν ; όπε γε και οι ήρωες εκείνοι (Ξενοφῶν]α λεγω, και Πλατωνα) καιτοι γ' εκ της Σωκρα 185 ουλες παλαιέρας, όμως δια τὰ ἔξως μικροχαρη, ἑαυτῶν - loci : fo that an apron is veftis prætenta, quæ reliquas anterius tegit; a covering worn before all the reft, to keep them clean. A-PROPOS, commonly pronounced appropo, and fuppofed to be intirely French, but happens to be intirely Greek: for, if propos be the fame as propofal, or purpose; and if apropos fignifies without purpose, without defign, without intention; to express any thing coming to pafs merely by accident: then the expreffion is intirely Gr. fee PRO-POSE. APSIS, Amloμα, afoμxi, tango; vel Arlw, neɛto; point-vel Amlw, accendo: apfis, idis; the apfides are thofe two points in the orbit of a planet, the one of which is the farthest from, and the other the nearest to the fun. AP-POINT, Пnyvuμi, pungo, pun&tus; AP-PREHEND Xavdavw, hendo; inufit: fed AP-PRETIATE, Πιπράσκω, πράσω, Πρατεος, ante AP-PROPINQUATION (Igo wody, AP-PULSE, Aqaipew, Apeinov, ab ant. Aλw, APT, Anw, apto, jungo; to join; that eafily unites; alfo, a readiness, or quickness of apprehenfion: Arala, convenire: Cafaub. A-PTOTE, A-llos, indeclinabilis: A, non; et wors, cafus; an a-ptote, or indeclinable noun; or a noun without cafes. AQUA-fortis Axoα, a Xoα, à Xew, fundo: vel AQUE-DUCTab Aa, ousnμa udalos: Hefych. ex Aa, Axa, unde aqua; water; a liquid element that may be poured out, or conducted from place to place. AQUI-LINE, Λαω, Λεω, Λεύσω, Ακυλης, acutus vifus; unde et à leo ductus aquila :-addam et aliam etym. fays Voffius, quam veriffimam cenfeo plane enim adfentio doctiffimo Angelo Caninio, qui aquila effe putat ab Ayop, vel Aywp, quomodo avis ea Cypriorum dialecto vocatur, tefte Hefych. :-eamque fententiam amplexus et Petrus Nunnefius; e converfo in ; quomodo A-PRIČOCK, "Gall. abricot, Beginonna, foà xavonλios, eft cantherius; à sλeyyis, ftrigilis; à Suidas interprets xoxxvμnλx: Diafcorides, IIgamoxx, i. e. præcocia poma: Calphurnius, Ecl. ii. Infita præcocibus fubrepere perfica prunis: præcox, ex præ; et coquo; foon, or early-ripe fruit: Upt."-but coquo is derived from the Gr. fee COOK. Gr. A-PRIL, Deg, pario, Aprilis; quòd omnia aperiat : A-PRICATION Degw, pario, aperio, apricus, open to the fun; warmed by his rays. Taurus. Aperit cum cornibus annum xxyxaλos, Hetrufcum, ganghero; et fimilia: the eagle; fo called from its fharpness of fight :—alfo the expreffion, an aquiline nofe, is taken from the beak of that bird. ARABLE, Apow, aro, arabilis; to plow; land fit to be plowed. ARACHNE, Apax, araneus; a spider. ARAIN: "à Lat. aranea :-it is ufed for the larger kind of spiders: Ray."-but it seems to be derived from the fame root with the foregoing art. ; for Voffius fays, araneus, et aranea, ab Apaxons, omiffo x, quafi Apavn. ARAY, Apw, apto, netto; to fit, to arrange, to adjust. AR-BITER AR-BITRATION ( Aça, imprecatio, preces, ara; et Baiva, Balew, eo; arbitrarius, arbiter; nam arbitri, quafi ante aram arbitrio fuo litem finire debent; an umpire; a judge; who ought always to give his fentence as folemnly as before the altar"-this is the deriv. of Ainfw. but we ARCH-angel arch, when ufed in compofition, ARCH-bishop plainly derives ab Agxn, vel Agxwv, ab Agxw, by tranfpofition Paxw, rego, imperium obtineo, princeps; the head, chief, fupreme: whenever therefore this word is prefixt to any title, it adds to its former power; as angel, arch-angel; written by Nugent Agxarɣeños, but even his own lexicon could not have afforded him any fuch word: it ought to have been written Αρχαγγελος. we may very much doubt the deriving the former | abfunt," fays Ainsw. "qui ab Anga Twv ogwv, fasΑκρα τῶν part of this word from ara, an altar; it is much tigium, promontorium; unde et Angoπoris, Axgonomore probable that Jun. the father-in-law of Voff. giveos, &c. deductum putant;" Rectius forte, has given the truer deriv. :-" verifimilius multo fays Littleton, arx ab Egxos, feptum locus munitus; focer meus Franc. Jun. (fays Voff.) putabat ar- a fortress built on an eminence; as all caftles were biter venire ab antiquo ar, pro ad; unde arferia, antiently; in order to command a greater extent arceffo; fimiliaque) et antiq. Baw, Balew, bito, of profpect, and to render all approach of an pro eo; unde perbitere, pro perire: pro eo eft enemy the more difficult: an enclosed place of de(continues Voff.) propria et vetus fignificatio ar- fence. Clel. Voc. 167, has very juftly fhewn that bitri, qua inspectorem, ac teftem fignificat; unde arbi- "the termination nal, or rather indeed the whole trari, pro infpicere; arbitrium, pro infpellione :" one word arcenal, is but a contraction of the arx nawho examines, and minutely infpects into any business. valis of Venice, quafi arce-navale :"—but then that ARBOUR: " Aipw, attollo, evebo; et Boris, learned gentleman ought to have considered cibus; fane cum reliquus è terrâ, vel in terrâ, that both arx, and navalis were Gr. nafcens cibus manibufque proximus fit, folus ille arborum, plurimum longe è terrâ, atque oculis noftris attollitur:-quod fi etymon hoc fubtilius quam verius videatur, non difpliceat origo à Chaldaïco abor, inferto r, arbor; ut berba à Chaldaïca beba, itidem r inferto; eft vero beba, viror, primum plante germen: Voff."-as either of thefe etym. may, according to his own confeffion, be more fubtil than true, we may rather acquiefce in his next conjecture, which is," fortaffe ex Kagpos, vel Kagnos, arbor, fru&us ;"—because that feems to have been the very definition of a tree, given by Mofes himself in Gen. i. 11. where fpeaking of the creation of trees and plants, he has these remarkable words: " And God faid, Let the earth bring forth grafs, the herb yielding feed; and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whofe feed is in itself, upon the earth and it was fo:"-now, fince Mofes has not faid that the grafs, and the herb yield fruit; but that the tree yieldeth fruit, and is therefore fometimes called the fruit-tree, it would be moft natural to fuppofe that arbor is derived from Kagros, not only from the fimilarity of found, but from the identity of fignification, when compounded; for arbor fignifies a tree; and Kagnos fignifies fruit. ARCANUM: Agnew, arceo, arca; to drive off; to hide up, to keep clofe; a name given to feveral chemical preparations, at firft kept fecret by their authors, or inventors. Voffius has added another deriv. arca ab Egyei, Eigyn, et Egxos, "arceo, excludo; feptum, retia ;"-any thing that encloses, confines, or contains another; as a cheft to lock up any thing, and keep it fecret from the eyes and knowledge of all men. ARCH of a circle; Kipnos, arcus; a vaulted roof. ARCHAISM; Agxaïoμos, veterum, seu prifcorum imitatio; a fondness for antient customs, antiquated phrafes, obfolete words, &c. &c. &c. R. Agxn, principium. ARCHE LAUS, Αρχελαος, quafi Αρχος λα8, princeps populi; a ruler of the people : Ŕ. Agx¶, R. principium; and Aaos, populus. Nug." ARCHI-PELAGUS, Αρχιπελαγος, Archipelagus; the great fea, which falls from Conftantinople into the Mediterranean; known to modern navigators by the name of the arches: R. Agx, principium; et Пsλayos, mare. Nug" ARCHI-TECT," Agxilexlwv, architecton, architellus; a mafter workman, a chief builder, or profeffor of building : R. Agxn, principium; et Texlwr, faber, fabricator. Nug" ARCHI-TRAVE, “Agxilgaπn, architrabs, in architecture fignifies the moulding next above the capital of a column; also the principal beam in a building: ex Açxn, principium: et Teamnă, trabs, hafta. ARCHI-TYPE, Agxilumas, archetypum; a primitive copy of an original writing, or of the original writing itself: R. Agxn, principium; et Tuwos, exemplar; a copy. ARCENAL, commonly, and vulgarly written arfenal; but is derived from Agnew, arceo; to ARCHIVES, Aggelov archivum, tabularium, drive off, protect from barm; and hence arx, arcis; publicum; a repofitory of public acts: alfo the rea tower, citadel, or fortified place; but more par-cords themselves: R. Agxn, principatus. Nug." ticularly a repofitory for ars and the regalia of a ARCTIC, Apxles, urjus, urfa; fignum cælefte; State; as being a place of firen, b: propius vero the great lear. I ARCTO ARCTO-PHYLAX, Agxloquλak, ar&tophylax; | These lines, fays Dr. Davis, in his annotation on cuftos urfe; fidus quod et Bootes; the bear-ward, this paffage, Ennii funt verfus, ex Euripidis Medea, or keeper of the bears; alfo the waggoner: R. Apulos, Act i. v. 4, translati, ursa; et duλa, cuftos; et Duλarlw, cuftodio; to Μηδ' ερείμωσαι χερας keep, to guard. ARCT-URUS, Agxlugos, ex Agulos, urfa; et Ανδρῶν αρισῶν, οἱ τὸ πάγχρυσον δέρας Πελία μετήλθον. Ougos, cuftos, infpector; a fixt ftar of the firft mag-where however it is obfervable, that what Euri nitude, in the fkirt of Boötes. ARDENT A, ardeo, aridus; dry, hot, ARDOR burning. ARDUOUS, Eglis, nuvos: Hefych. vel ab Aig, Aglas, fublatus, eveƐtus; high, elevated; difficult. AREA, Αλωα, area, quando x in r, fæpe commutatur; et ob fimilia, loca in urbe pura, area funt; any void space in a city, free from buildings; a court-yard; or barn floor, &c. AREO-PAGITE, Agεoπayos, Areopagita; one of the Athenian judges; fo called from Agns, Mars; et Пayos, collis; Mars's-hill, a place in Athens, where they fate by night, not refpecting the perfon, but the caufe; they wrote down their fentence, without declaring their fuffrages; whence this court was famed for its impartiality, and fecrecy. ARGENT, " Agyugos, et Agyugiov, argentum ; filver. Nug." ARGILLOUS, Agyaλos, et Agyiλos, argilla; terra alba, et pura; white clay, or potter's earth. ARGO, Agyw, Argo; navis Fafonis; et fidus quoddam; the ship in which Jafon failed to Colchis, to fetch the golden fleece: about 12, or 1,300 years before Chrift: there is fo curious an interpretation given by Suidas, quoted by Boerhaave in his chemistry, concerning this expedition of the Argo, that I fhall defire leave to quote it; the Dr. then, in p. 6, obferves, that "Suidas, who lived in the tenth century, tells us (under the word Xn) that Dioclefian, who reigned the twenty laft years of the third century, gave orders that all the books relating to the art of chemistry, fhould be inquired after, and burnt; becaufe the Egyptians were plotting against the Roman government; but under the word Argas, Suidas carries the affair ftill a great deal higher, exprefsly afferting, that the golden fleece, which Jafon and the Argonauts brought away, when they failed through the Pontic fea to Colchis, was only a book written on parchment (or sheep's fkin) teaching the method of making gold, dia Xnusias, by the chemical art."-there is another paffage in Cicero's Tufc. Queft. Lib. i. fec. 20, concerning the name of this ship, the Argo, fo curious that it deferves quotation: Quæ nominata eft Argo, fays he, quia Argivi in eâ deleti viri 2 Ανδρών pides has expreffed by Avdpov apis, Ennius has very properly tranflated by deleti viri; but then from Euripides for fuch an expreffion, unless he what becomes of Argivi? there is no authority had faid Ανδρών Αργείων, inftead of Ανδρῶν αριςών: yet even then, the like difficulty would have occurred, viz. to account for delecti viri. ARGO-NAUTIC, Agyovaus, Argonauta; ii qui cum Jafone profecti funt in Argo navi :whether it was from the tedioufnefs of the voyage, or through the unskilfulness of the navigators, who performed it, would be difficult to fay; but it feems as if the deriv. of the word Agyw pointed piger; and there is an epigram in Martial, out fome fuch fignification; viz. ex Agyos, iners, Lib. iii. 67, de pigris nautis, in which he either piger and there is an epigram in Martial, alludes to fuch a fignification, or puns on the word Argo; At vos tam placidas vagi per undas Non Nautas puto vos, fed Argonautas. ARGUE, Ayogeuw, concionor, loquor; to harangue, difcourfe. Littleton and Ainfworth derive arguo, ab Agyos, clarus, manifeftus; but our lexicons give us no fuch word in that fenfe; they have indeed Evagyns, and Evagya, in the fenfe of clarus, evidens, and evidentia; which fignify clearness, brightness, perfpicuity; however, fince all arguments, and methods of arguing, do not deferve that title, we might rather prefer the former deriv. ab Ayogɛuw. ARGUTE; from the fame root: Gr.-now Littleton and Ainsworth have given us another fenfe of the word Apyos, nempe celer, argutus; quia argumentum cito invenit; quick, witty, fharp: but Agyos properly fignifies fegnis, piger; dull, stupid, heavy. ARID, Aw, areo, aridus; to be dry, parched. ARIES, Αριξ, αριχος, unde Αριχα, αρρεν προβαίον: Hefych. ab Agi, igitur abjecto x, fit aris, five ares, five aries; nam in plerifque, e et i promifcuè ufurpabant veteres; a ram; also a conftellation in the heavens called Aries, or the ram. ARIST-ARCHUS, Agisagxos, Aristarchus ; ex Agi50s, optimus; the best; as much as to fay, a moft excellent prince: R. Agns, Mars; et Agxes, princeps Nug.". we may rather prefer the latter. ARISTO ARISTO-BULUS, "Agroßλos, Ariftobulus; optimus confiliarius; a most excellent counfellor: R. Agiros, optimus; et Bàn, confilium; beft counfel. Nug." ARISTO-CRACY, "Agisoxgalia, Ariftocratia; Agisos, optimus; et Kealew, impero; to command, or bear rule: R. Kgalos, robur ; ftrength, or power: Nug."-a republic governed by the nobility, or leading men. ARISTO-TLE, "Agisleans, Ariftoteles; Agisos, optimus; et Teλos, finis; the best end, or aim, which a perfon propofes. Nug." ARITHMETIC, "Apibμntion, arithmetica; Agitos, numerus; the art of counting, or cafting up numbers: Nug."-the performing any numerical operations by figures. ARK, Agnew, arceo; arca; quod arceat ; i. e. contineat res ei creditas; a box, cheft, or drawer; any large, or fmall veffel that contains another. ARLES; from the Lat. arrha; an arles penny, an earnest penny: Ray."-but arrba originates ab Appaßw: Agpa, et Agxa, Appaßwv, Hefych. pignus fpondere; to lay down a pledge; to give fomething in furety of a bargain or engagement. ARM, or limb, Aguos, compages, articulus; a joint; R. Agw, apto; to fit, join, unite; as the arm is united to the fhoulder. ARM of the fea; Ogaμvos, ramulus; a branch, divifion. ARM for war arraign is derived from at-ray-in; which comes from the ray, which was the circle, drawn round perfons arrested, or arraigned in the name of juftice; out of which ray, or circle it was the higheft of all crimes to elcape, or tranfgrefs the bounds of it :"-this might lead us to two deriv both Gr. either from 'Paßdos, ra-dius; the wand with which this circle was drawn or from As-yw, dico, jus dicere; thence ey, ay, l'ey, l'ay, or law: "this ey, the law," fays he, Voc. 84, "receives the profthefis of various letters; of B; whence bey, or begh of D; whence dey of R, whence rey, roy, rex; ay, and ray :"-and confequently Gr. as above. : : ARRANT rogue ; "ut ubi dicimus, an arrant thief; Sax. Aɲe, or Belg. eer; honor, gloria; q. d. maxime honoratus inter nebulones; nebulo eximius; nebulonum princeps; a chief rogue: Skinn."According to this interpretation, we need not hesitate to derive our word arrant from Apisos, optimus; the best; but, as that would be rather an abufe, and mifapplication of words, befides the falfe orthography; for both Apisos, and Aɲe have but oner in them; it is more natural to fuppofe, that our expreffions arrant rogue, and arrant thief, were derived from Appnu, appevos, fortis, virilis, robuftus; a bold, audacious, bardy robber. ARRAS, " à metropoli Atrebatum Arras, LaOgμxw, impetu feror; vel ab tine Atrebata dicta, nunc Artois, in quâ optimi Aguos, articulus; as in the tapetes olim acu pingebantur: Atrebaticæ etiam veftes former art. R. Agw, apto; to tempore Romanorum Imperatorum claruerunt. Skinn." fit on a fuit of armour: Ifi--the city of Artois in the Netherlands, in which ARMI-STICE dorus (fays Voff.) addit, the best tapeftry bangings were formerly made. poffe et arma fic dicta videri amo т Aptos, hoc eft Marte; quod longe pofthabendum cenfeo priori:-among all thefe words there is only one that deferves a little farther attention, viz. ARMI-STICE, compounded of Ogμaw, vel Aguμos, et Σraw, vel Isnui, sto, fifto; arma-fifto; to stop arms, or the operations of war; to agree to a truce; to conclude a ceffation of hoftilities. AROMATIC," Agwμalixos, aromaticus; odoriferous; R. Agow, agw, aro; to cultivate odoriferous plants, and trees: Agwua, alos, Tò, aroma; a fine fcent, or odour. Nug.” ARR, only a contraction of efchar, or fear; as Ray feems to hint; and confequently is Gr. fee SCAR. Gr. AR-RAIGN, 66 reum agere, ad tribunal agere; fays Jun." and Skinn. admits the fame interpretation; but Voff. deduces reus, à Xgros, vel Xpews: unde Xonis, Tovngos, culpæ obnoxius: vel à res, i. e. à PεZw, 'Pedw, "Perdw, Dor. et Piai, to be culpable; and confequently liable to be called to an account, or brought to trial.-Clel. Way. 7, tells us, that AR-RAY in battle; either from the fame root with arrange; or elfe from Appnxles, infra&tus ; unbroken ranks, embodied in close order. R. Pnoow, frango; to break. AR-RAY, clothing; ab Agw, apto; to fit, fuit, agree. AR-REARS, "Fr. Gall. arrierage, vel arriere; retro, poft; q. d. adretro; Skinn."-an account which looks back to the time paft: but re, retro, and retrorfum, are all Latin words; and confequently our word arrears is not derived from the Fr. Gall. ultimately; but from the Latin. AR-REPTITIOUS, 'Agraw, 'Agraw, rapio; dragged, or burried away: alfo one who is not in his perfect mind; out of his fenfes: R. 'Agra, rapax; one who greedily tears, and fnatches at every thing. AR-REST," Agerov, placitum; decree, order; according to Budæus, and Hen. Stephen, T Agesa, placila, curiæ placita: R. Apsoxw to please :from this Agerov comes arreftare, as we meet with in fome of the authors infimæ Latinitatis : Voffius de vitiis fermonis, lib. III. c. 1, is of E the |