debate with a friend on this head, in his ift fatire: Experiar quid concedator in illos Quorum Flaminia tegitur cinis atque, Latina. "I will try what liberties I may be allowed with thofe whofe aes lie under the Flaminian and La tin ways," along each fide of which the Romans of the first quality ufed to be buried. It is be lived that he lived till the reign of Adrian in 128. There are still extant 16 of his fatires, in which he difcovers great wit, ftrength, and keennefs, in his language: but his ftyle is not perfectly natural, and the obfcenities with which thefe fatires were. filled render the reading of them dangerous to youth. (2.) JUVENAL DE CAVENCAS, Felix, an ingenious writer, born at Pezena, in 1679. He wrote, 1. The Principles of Hiftory: 2. Effays on the Hiftory of the Sciences, the Belles Lettres, and the Arts. He died in 1760. JUVENCUS, Caius Vectius Aquilinus, one of the firft of the Chriftian poets, was born of an illuftrious family in Spain. About the year 320 he put the life of Jefus Chrift into Latin verfe, in 4 books; but his Latin is not pure. JUVENIEC, a town of Poland, in Wilna. JUVENILE. adj. [juvenilis, Lat.] Young; youthful.-Learning hath its infancy when it is almost childish; then its youth, when it is luxuriant and juvenile; then its ftrength of years, when it is folid; and, laftly, its old age, when it waxeth dry and exhauft. Bacon. *JUVENILITY.n.. [from juvenile.] 1. Youth fulness.-The restoration of gray hairs to juve mility, and renewing exhaufted marrow, may be effected without a miracle, Glanville. 2. Light and careless manner.-Customary strains of abftracted, juvenility, have made it difficult to commend and fpeak credibly in dedications. Glanville. JUVENTAS, in Roman mythology, the god. defs who prefided over youth. This goddefs was long honoured in the Capitol, where Servius Tullius erected her ftatue. Near the chapel of Minerva there was an altar of Juventas. It has been generally fuppofed that this goddess was not the fame with the Grecian HEBE. (1.) JUVIGNY, a town of France, in the dep. of the Channel, 4 miles N. of Mortain, and 14 E. of Averanche. (2.) JUVIGNY, a town of France, in the dep. of Marne, 9 miles NW. of Chalons. (3.). JUVIGNY, a town of France, in the dep. of Mayenne, 5 miles SW. of Ernee, and 131 NW. of Laval. JUVIN, a town of France, in the dep. of Ardennes, 3 miles E. of Grandpre. 'JUXON, Dr William, was born at Chichester, in 1682, and elected into St John's College, Oxford, of which he became prefident. K. Charles I. made him bishop of London; and in 1635 lord high treasurer of England. The whole nation, and especially the nobility, were greatly offended at this high office being given to a clergyman; but his conduct in the office foon extinguifhed all clamour. On the 17th May 1641, he prudently refigned the staff, to avoid the ftorm which then threatened the court and the clergy. During the civil wars, he refided at his palace at Fulham, where his meek, inoffenfive, and gentle behavi. our, though he continued fteady in his loyalty to the king, procured him the vifits of the principal perfons of the oppofite party, and refpect from all. In 1648, he attended on K. Charles at the treaty in the ifle of Wight; and by his particular defire waited upon him at Cotton-house, Weftminfter, the day after the commencement of his trial; during which he frequently vifited him in the office of a fpiritual father; and he declared he was the greatest comfort to him in that afflictive fituation. He likewife attended him on the scaffold, where the king taking off his cloak and George gave him the latter. After the execution, the bishop took care of the body, which he accompanied to the royal chapel at Windfor, and flood ready with the common prayer-book in his hands to perform the laft ceremony for the king; but was prevented by Colonel Whichcot, governor of the castle. He continued in the quiet poffeffion of Fulham palace till 1649, when he was deprived, having been fpared longer than any of his brethren. He then retired to his own eftate in Gloucestershire, where he lived in privacy till the restoration, when he was prefented to the fee of Canterbury; and in the fhort time he enjoyed it, expended in buildings and reparations at Lambeth palace and Croydon houfe near L.15,000. He died in 1663, having bequeathed L.7000 to St John's college, and to other charitable uses near L.5000. He publifhed a Sermon on Luke xviii. 31. and Some Confiderations upon the Act of Uni-, formity. (1.) * JUXTAPOSITION. n.f. [juxtaposition, Fr. juxta and pofitio, Lat.] Appofition; the flate of being placed by each other. We muft either fuppofe an infinite number of them holding toge ther, or at laft come to parts that are united by a mere juxtapofition. Glanville. (2.) JUXTAPOSITION is used by philofophers to denote that species of growth which is performed by the appofition of new matter to the furface or outfide of old. In which sense it stands oppofed to INTROSUSCEPTION, where the growth of a body is performed by the reception of a juice within it diffufed through its canals. (1.) * IVY. n. f. \ifig, Saxon; hedera, Latin.] A plant.-It is a paralitick plant, fending forth roots or fibres from its branches, by which it is fastened to either trees, walls, or plants, which are near it, and from thence receives a great share of its nourishment. Miller A belt of ftraw, and ivy buds, With coral clafps, and amber ftuds. Raleigh. Direct the clafping ivy where to climb. Mill. (2.) Ivy, in botany. See HEDERA. İVÝ-BRIDGE, a village of Devonshire, remarkable for its picturefque fcenery; having on the N. the rude barren mountains of Dartmoor, and on the S. one of the moft fertile and best cultivated countries in the kingdom; while the river Arme, which croffes the road from London to Plymouth, and runs with great rapidity through the village, among huge maffes of granite, forces its way with great noife and impetuofity, and, when fwelled with heavy rains, exhibits a very romantic appearance. A little above the bridge is a confiderable paper manufactory., Ivy Bridge is 11 miles NE, of Plymouth, and 205 SW. of London. JU-YEN, JU-YEN, a town of China in Quang-tong. JUZENNECOURT, a town of France, in the dep. of Upper Marne, 6 miles NW. of Chau mont. IWAMI, a province of Japan., IWANEE, an Indian town of N. America, near St Jago de Cuba, inhabited by Indians, who have adopted the manners and language of the Spa Diards. IWANGROD, a town of Poland, in Braclaw. IXIA, in botany: a genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the triandria class of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 6th order, Enfata. The corolla is hexapetalous, patent, and equal; there are 3 ftigmata, a little upright and petalous. There are feveral fpecies, confifting of herbaceous, tuberous, and bulbous rooted flowery perennials, from one to two feet high, terminated by hexapetalous flowers of dif, ferent colours. They are propagated by off-fets, which should be taken off in fummer at the decay of the leaves: but as all the plants of this genus, are natives of warm climates, few of them can bear the open air of this country in winter. IXION, in fabulous hiftory, king of the Lapithæ, married Dia the daughter of Deionius, to whom he refused to give the customary nuptial. prefents. Deionius, in revenge, took from him his horfes; when Ixion, diffembling his resentment, invited his father-in-law to a feaft, and made him fall through a trap-door into a burning furnace, in which he was immediately confumed. Ixion being afterwards ftung with remorfe for his cruel ty, ran mad; on which Jupiter, in compaffion, not only forgave him, but took him up into hea ven, where he had the impiety to endeavour to Corrupt Juno. Jupiter, to be the better affured of his guilt, formed a cloud in the resemblance of the goddefs, upon which Ixion begat the Centaurs; but boafting of his happiness, Jove hurled him down to Tartarus, where he lay fixed on a wheel encompaffed with ferpents, which turns without ceafing. IXORA, in botany: a genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the tetrandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 47th order, Stellata. The corolla is monopetalous, funnel-fhaped, and long, fuperior; the ftamina above the throat; the berry tetrafpermous., IXWORTH, a town in Suffolk, with a market. on Friday, 79 miles NE. by, N. of London. Seeral Roman coins have been dug up in it.' JYENAGUR, JAYPOUR,JAYNAGUR, or JOINJYEPOUR, AGUR, a city of Hindooftan Proper, capital of a territory fo named, in the E. quarter of Agimere, fubject to one of the Rajpoot princes. It was built by the celebrated Rajah Jeffing, who erected an obfervatory here, and invited Claud Boudier to it, in 1734. Wendel fays Jyepour was a place of great wealth in 1779, being the ftaple of goods brought from every quar. ter of India. It is 136 miles W. by, S. of Agar. Lon 76. 9. E. Lat. 26. 56. N. JYMOULD. adj. [See GIMMAL Their poor jades Lob down their heads, dropping the hide and hips; And in their pale dull mouths the jymold bit Lies, foul with chew'd grafs, ftill and motionlefs Shak. JYNX, in ornithology, a genus of birds belonging to the order of pica; the characters of which are, that the bill is flender, round, and pointed; the nostrils are concave and naked; the tongue is very long, very slender, cylindric, and terminated by a hard point; and the feet are formed for climbing. There is only one species, viz. JYNX TORQUILLA. See Plate CXCV.fig.2. The colours of this bird are elegantly pencilled, though its plumage is marked with the plaineft kinds; a lift of black and ferruginous ftrokes divides the top of the head and back; the fides of the head and neck are afh-coloured, beautifully traversed with fine lines of black and reddish brown; the quill feathers are dusky, but each web is marked with ruft-coloured spots; the chin and breaft are. of a light and yellowish brown, adorned with. fharp-pointed bars of black; the tail consists of. ten feathers, broad at their ends and weak, of a pale afh-colour, powdered with black and red, and marked with four equidiftant bars of black: the irides are of a yellowish colour. The wry-neck, Mr Pennant apprehends, is a bird of paffage, appearing with us in the fpring before the cuckoo.. Its note is like that of the keftril, a quick repeated fqueak; its eggs are white, with a very thin shell; it builds in the hollows of trees, making its neft of dry grafs. It has a very whimsical way of turning and twisting its neck about, and bringing its head over its fhoulders, whence it had its Latin name torquilla, and its English one of wryneck: it has alfo the faculty of erecting the feathers of the head like thofe of the jay. It feeds on ants, which it very dexterously transfixes with the bony and tharp end of its tongue, and then draws them into its mouth; and while the female is fitting, the male has been obferved to carry these infects to her. Thefe birds inhabit Ruffia, Sweden, Lapland, Greece, Italy, Babylon, and Bengal: anthorities for which Buffon mentions, and fays, that at the end of fummer they grow very fat, become excellent eating; for which reafon fome have named it the ORTOLAN. The young ones, while in the nefts, hiss like fnakes; infomuch that many have been prevented plundering the old ones of their offspring, on fuppofition that they were advancing their hands on the brood of this loathfome reptile. (1.) IZE, a town of France, in the dep. of Ille and Villaine, 44 miles NW. of Vitre and 15 ENE. of Rennes. (2.) IzE, a town of France, in the dep. of Maine, 6 miles NNE. of Evron. IZERE, ST, a town of France, in the dep. of Aveiron, 6 miles NW. of St Afrique. (1.) İZERON, a town of France, in the dep. of Ifere, 3 miles E. of St Marcelin. (2.) IZERON, a town of France, in the dep. of Rhone and Loire, 10 miles SW. of Lyons. IZIUK, a town of Ruffia, in Tobolsk. IZQUÍNTENANGO, a rich and handsome town of New Spain, in the province of Chiapa. (i)* K, K. (1.) * K, A letter borrowed by the English from the Greek alphabet. It has before all the vowels one invariable found: as, keen, ken, kill. It is ufed after c at the end of words: as, knock, clock, crack, back, brick, stick, pluck, check, which were written anciently with e final: as, clocke, cheke, tricke. It is alfo in ufe between a vowel and the filente final as, cloke, broke, brake, pike, duke, eke. It likewife ends a word after a diphthong: as, look, break, fhook, leek. The English never ufe c at the end of a word. K is filent in the present pronunciation before ; as, Knife, knee, knell. (2.) K is ufed, 1. as a letter; 2. as an abbreviation; and, 3. it was anciently used as a numeral. I. As a LETTER, K is the roth of our alphabet, and the 7th confonant. It is formed by the voice, by a guttural expreffion of the breath through the mouth, together with a depreffion of the lower jaw and opening of the teeth. Its found is much the fame with that of the hard or qu; and it is ufed, for the most part, only before e, i, and n, in the beginning of words; as, ken, kill, known, &c. It is at prefent very properly omitted at the end of English words, at leaft of thofe derived from the Latin; thus, for publick, public, &c. However, in monofyllables it is ftill retained, as jack, block, Mock, &c. K is borrowed from the Greek kappa, and was but little ufed among the Latins: Prifcian fays, it was never used except in words borrowed from the Greek. Daufquins, after Salluft, fays, it was unknown to the ancient Romans.-Indeed we feldom find it in any Latin authors, excepting in the word kalende, where it fometimes ftands in lieu of c-Carthage, however, is often spelt on me dals with a : SALV. AUG. ET CAES. FEL. KART. and sometimes in poetry, as in this line, which contains all the letters of the alphabet: Gazifrequens Lybicos duxit Karthago triumphos. Quintilian fays, that in his time some people had a mistaken notion, that wherever the letter e and a occurred at the beginning of a word, k ought to be used instead of c. See C. Lipfius obferves, that K was a ftigma anciently marked on the foreheads of criminals with a red-hot iron. The French never ufe k, excepting in a few terms of art, and proper names borrowed from other countries. II. As an ABBREVIATION, K has various fignifications in old charters and diplomas; e. g. K. R. ftood for chorus, K. R. C. for cara civitas, K. R. M. for carmen, KR. AM. N. carus amicus nofter, K. S. chaos, KT. capite tónfus, &c. Sometimes Kalone ftood for Carthage.-M. Berger ob ferves, that a capital K, on the reverie of the medals of the eaftern emperors, fignified Konftanti nus; and on the Greek medals he will have it to fignify KOIAH TPIA, Całosýria. Kon the ci-devant French coin denoted money coined at Bourdeaux. IH. Kas a NUMERAL fignified 250, according to the verfe; " quoque ducentos & quinquaginta te nebit." When it had a stroke at top, (K,) it stood for 250,000. KAADE, a town of Arabia, in Yemen. KAARTA, a kingdom of Africa, between the Gambia and the Niger, confifting partly of rocky hills, but chiefly of fandy plains. KEMMOO is the, capital. Many of the inhabitants were alarmed and aftonished at the fight of Mr Mungo Parks when he travelled through it, having never before feen a white man. See JoHERS and KEMMOO. KAAT'S-BAAN, a town of New York, on the W. bank of Hudson's river, 7 m. S. of Kaat's-Kill. KAAT'S KILL, a township of New York; on the W. bank of Hudfon's river, 5 miles S. of Hudfon city, and 125 N, of New York. It contained 1645 citizens, 1795, of whom 345 were electors, and 305 flaves. KAAT'S-KILL MOUNTAINS, a majestic ridge of mountains near the above townfhip, which are the firft part of the Alleghany mountains. KABA. See CAABA, and MECCA. KABAS, a town of Egypt, 3 miles S. of Foua. KABASSI, a town of Turkey, in Albania. KABASSOU. See DASYPUS, N° 1. KABOBIQUAS, a nation of S. Africa, who had never feen a white man till 1783, when M. Vaillant vifited them. Having received previous intimation of his approach from fome of the adjacent tribes, their curiofity was wound up to the higheft pitch; and, upon the first appearance of his company, the whole horde quitted their kraal and ran out to meet him. Hardly able to believe their eyes, they felt his hair, his hands, feet, and almoft every part of his body. His beard astonished them, and believing him to be all over hairy, they half unbuttoned his clothes before they could be fátisfied of the contrary. The children were dreadfully frightened, but were foon reconciled to him by prefents of fugar candy. Their chief fhowed him every mark of respect. He was a majestic figure, advanced in life, and wore a long mantle made of 4 jackal skins. The Kabobiquas have neither the flat nofe nor plump cheeks of the Hottentots. They are as tall and as black as the CAFFRES. Their hair is very short, much curled, and ornamented with small copper buttons. They go almost entirely naked, during the hot weather, wearing only a fmall round piece of leather over the pudenda; yet their manners are uncommonly chafte, and no females can be more referved than their women, whofe aprons reach only half-way down the high. They wear a long mantle made of fkins with the hair on. Their only ornaments are glafs beads, which they wear as bracelets. M. Vaillant gave them a number of glass bot tles, which they greatly admired, and called folid water, having feen ice, and having no idea, that any other folid fubftance could be formed tranfparent. They fuppofed M. Vaillant prevented them from melting before their fires, by magic. He fays he "never faw a nation fo difin. terefted: They vied with each other in generofity. Every night they brought to his camp a confiderable quantity of milk; and they never came to fpend the evening with his people, without bringing fome fheep to regale them. Many of them gave away gratuitously, and without recei ving any thing in return, part of their berds and flocks.' With all this benevolence, they have alfo à courageous and martial character. Theit weapons are poifoned arrows, and lances with long points. Their defenfive arms are bucklers' of two different fizés, made of fkins, very thick, and impenetrable by arrows. Their courage is equally difplayed against their enemies and against |