his fervants fought their way through, when he efcaped to Prince Charles, with whom he continued; chufing to run his fortune, although he had the offer to compound for his immenfe eftate. He alfo narrowly efcaped being taken at the battle of Worcester.

He was made a Knight of the Garter by Charles II. at St. Germains, 1649, and after the Restoration, a Lord of the Bed-Chamber, a PrivyCounsellor, and Mafter of the Horfe, &c. but was deprived of them 1666, being detected in practices against Government. The year following he was pardoned, and again taken into favour; and in 1670, fent Ambaffador to France, as he was afterwards to Holland, in 1673, having been two years before elected Chancellor of Cambridge. Dryden's verfes are very characteristic of him after the Reftoration:

A man fo various, that he seem'd to be
Not one, but all mankind's epitome:
Stiff in opinions, always in the wrong;
Was every thing by ftarts, and nothing long;
But in the courfe of one revolving moon,
Was chymift, fidler, ftatefman, and buffoon:
Then for women, painting, rhiming,
drinking;

Befides ten thousand freaks that died in
thinking.

In fquandering wealth was his peculiar art;
Nothing went unrewarded-but defert.
Beggar'd by fools, whom ftill he found too
late;

He had his jeft, and they had his estate.
He laught himself from Court, then fought
relief,

By forming parties, but could ne'er be chief.
Thus wicked, but in will, of means bereft,
He left not faction, but of that was left.

His income was near 50,000l. a year, which he reduced to 10,000l. and that fo much incumbered at laft, as only to leave him 2500l. per Ann. He retired before his death, to Helmefley in Yorkshire, and died at an Inn in that neighbourhood (of a cold or excefs) after a fox-hunt, 1687. "He had no principles of religion, virtue, or friendship."

MARY, Dutchess of Buckingham,

Was only daughter of Thomas, Lord Fairfax, by Anne, daughter of Horace, Lord Vere, fhe was born 1639. In 1657, the Duke of Buckingham ventured over (being an out-law) to pay his addreffes to her, when (then one of the handsomeft men in Europe) it was faid, that “he came, faw, and conquered;" they were married the fame year at her father's feat, in Nun Appleton, in Yorkshire. She lived many years happily with him, without rival; and when the Duke took to other women, "The patiently bore it, and had complaifance enough to entertain them, and even lodge them in the house, all because she loved him."

Count Grammont fays "fhe was a fhort fat body, like the Queen, who never had any children:" Madam Dunois, " that he was brown and lean, but had he been the most beautiful and becoming of her fex, fhe being his wife, would have been fufficient alone to have infpired him with a diflike." She is further defcribed to be "a little crumpled

woman,

woman, very fond of finery;" and further, "a moft virtuous and pious lady, in a vicious age and Court, and if the had any vanities, fhe had certainly none of the vices of it."

She furvived the Duke many years, and died 1705, and was interred by him in Westminster Abbey.

JOHN MAITLAND, Duke of Lauderdale,

Son of John, fecond Lord Maitland, (afterwards firft Earl of Lauderdale, 1624) by Ifabel, daughter of the Earl of Dumfirmling; was born at Leidington, 1616, and fuceeded his father, 1645.

He was for many years a zealous covenanter; and much trufted by his party, in the management of affairs, both in church and state: but, in 1647, he turned to the King's intereft, and, after his death, to that of his fon Charles II. At the battle of Worcefter he was taken prifoner, and fent to the Tower, and afterwards to other prifons, and not released till the dawn of the Restoration: when, after that event, he became Prime Minister of Scotland, &c. and for "twenty years difpofed of all the offices and honors entirely without rival.”

He was made a Duke, and a Knight of the Garter, in 1672, and two years after that, Earl of Guilford, in England, and had a penfion of 3,000l. but, at length, he was obliged to refign all his offices, (excepting thofe for life) and "died under a cloud foon after," 1682.

"He enflaved his country by every mode of oppreffion; he loaded it with taxes, ruined its trade, plundered its inhabitants, and persecuted its religion."

He was a man of great learning, but (awkward and ungainly in fpeech and behaviour) was fervile and imperious, haughty and abject, cunning and diffembling, and " retained his averfion to Charles I. and his party, to his death."

HENRY CAVENDISH, Duke of Newcastle,

Fourth fon of William, the firft Duke (called the Loyal), by his first wife Elizabeth, daughter of William Baffet, Efq. was born in 1624.

At the restoration of Charles II. he was made Master of the Robes, and a Lord of the Bed Chamber; and afterwards one of his Privy Council. In 1673 he fucceeded his father, and in 1677-8 was elected a Knight of the Garter. On the Succeffion of James II. he was continued in his place of Lord of the Bedchamber, made Governor of Berwick, &c. and on that Monarch's abdication, was one of the oppofers of William and Mary's affending the Throne, refused to take the oaths to them, and retired. He died at Welbeck, 1691.

JAMES