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But whatever may take place, the power of the merchant and manufacturer which will be increased by the abolition of the corn laws, at the expense of the landed proprietors will not be wielded against us. Merchants and manufacturers cannot, from the nature of their business, forego an immediate and direct benefit for the sake of a distant contingency, and are therefore, not likely to break with their best customers, for the purpose of adding a few square miles of woodland to this or that territory. At present the power of the landed aristocracy of England, comprises not only the nobles, but all their respectable farmers, who, being entirely dependent on them for their loaves, are disposed of, politically, like the servants of the nobility. When the corn laws shall be abolished, rents will be governed by commercial principlesby the prices of corn generally, and not by the artificial standard fixed by a privileged class. Thus land will have a market value, regulated by demand and supply, and the relation of landlord and tenant will be changed into buyers and sellers. This will virtually emancipate the farmer and uncover the nobility. The latter will become an iso

ous war England engages in with a great power | tinental competitor, and thus be the more dependwill not be paid for by the English people, but by ent for his exchanges on the American market. wealthy classes who provoke it; and the wealthy classes of all countries are but too peaceably disposed to risk, readily, the certain for the uncertain. England has outgrown her youthful passions, and France is satisfying them in another way. It may have been the interest of these powers to sustain Mexico by words; but Mexico will soon discover that the thing was not meant as seriously as she took it. If they send any agents abroad to solicit aid, they will be advised paternally and in a friendly, neighborly manner to keep the peace, and if they want money they will have to submit to greater sacrifices to obtain it than were_demanded by the United States to regulate the Texan frontier. Paredes, if no counter revolution is going on, will find that he has challenged a superior foe, and will at last submit to necessity. The whole matter, in this quarter, is looked upon as episode, not more likely to trouble the peace of Europe than the annexation of Texas has done it. What reason, indeed, could Europe put forward to oppose the United States, after they submitted to the annexation, which is the alleged cause of war with Mexico? England and France had acknowledged the independence of Texas, and Eng-late class, stripped of the best part of its patronage, land and France admitted that Texas, if willing to be annexed, had a right to do with herself as she thought fit. After such a declaration, the idea of an armed interference is preposterous. England and France must have a better cause to interfere in American affairs, and less at stake to venture upon a similar experiment. On the part of England, a war with the United States partakes always more or less of the character of a civil war, and is accompanied by all its miseries; on that of France, would be unnatural and opposed to those interests which alone support the present dynasty.

and incapable of dividing the community into two great halves, of which one was entirely devoted to their interests. The consequences of such a revolution are not easily foreseen, but they cannot but be tremendous, implying greater dangers for the safety of existing institutions, than any that might attend a forcible attempt to change the condition of the laboring class. If the English nobility consent to such an arrangement, they must consider their position altogether hopeless, and a formal denial only as the means of precipitating events. These considerations lead one to believe firmly in the continuation of peace. Whatever triumph may have followed British arms in distant climes, Great Britain cannot stand much more agitation within, and no foreign war she can wage, would bring these internal agitations so soon to a crisis, as one with the United States. I have now put the finger on the sore place, which is worth an army to America, and requires the presence of one in England. Remember the chartists' petition to parliament, embraced four millions of signatures, and these chartists are now, partially at least, moving with the anti-corn-law league.

The Polish revolution has lost its historical character, but continues still to operate powerful changes in political economy. The relation of landlord and tenants is about to be changed all over Gallicia, and in part also in Bohemia, Moravia, and the Sclavonian provinces of Hungary and Transylvania. The consequence may be an amelioration of the condition of the peasant; but the govern

As to the Oregon question it has ceased to alarm the good people of Europe, who dread a war at least as much as we do, and want nothing more than a speedy settlement of the vexatious question. The notice which has passed the senate has, as you will have seen from the prints, produced quite a favorable impression. It is looked upon as a measure of peace, not of war; and as simplifying, not perplexing the question. I have been of that opinion all along, though perchance you may have put little faith in my predictions. I have the pleasure to repeat to you the advance of the speedy abolition of the corn laws in the course of the regular business of both houses. I am afraid I look upon the probable effect of that bill, as very different from that which is generally anticipated. The changes which in my opinion, it is likely to effect, will be more of a political than a commercial character, and affect the internal organization of the British empire more than its foreign relations. If ment, which has been hitherto the most aristocratic bread become cheap, and the manufacturers expect to lower wages in proportion, that is if the capitalists of England continue to look upon labor as merchandize to be regulated by demand and supply, and not as the act of human beings who in return for the same have a right to demand bread, and that bread in sufficient quantity to support themselves, the abolition of the corn law, will be but the forerunner of organic changes in the British constitution, or such violent agitation as will endanger the existing government. But if the wages of labor do not decrease, then the British manufacturer will not be able to undersell his con

in Europe, has thereby assumed a hostile attitude to the nobility, which has thus far proved its main support. And the government, by giving to the peasant what it promised him, has lost its power of contenting him in future. But the best part of the whole conduct of Austria is that she is now again reduced to borrowing money to meet her current expenditures, and that, in all probability Austria is on the eve of another, her fourth State bankruptcy.

The condition of Russia is not much better. She, too, has to contract a new loan to repair her immense losses in the Caucasus, and to defray the

expenses of the annihilation of Poland. Russia The revolutions in Spain and Portugal are again may find amateurs on the various exchanges of put down at much expense of blood and treasure; Europe; but Amsterdam and Berlin, heretofore but it is difficult to tell the number of days and the bankers of the Czar, have declined henceforth hours Isturiz is about to govern. I believe his days to be distinguished by that honor. are numbered, and that Spain will not be quiet Prussia has opened a vent to her difficulties by until the queen mother who sets her virgin daughissuing 10,000,000 thalers through the bank of ter the most infamous example of political treachBerlin; but the measure is new, and may lead to ery and lewd debauch, shall have been banished embarrassments in the future. Let the cabinet at the country. This is the opinion in part of the Berlin be once in the power of the moneyed men, conservative journals of England and France, and and it will soon receive, not make, the laws of the shows the degree of moral detestation entertained country. No one has as yet conjured up the for her life and character. Narvaez has gone as power of money without becoming in the end its minister to Naples; the queen refusing the blood slave. All constitutional governments of Europe, money he asked beforehand for undertaking to all revolutions in the old world, owe their origin to quell the insurrection. The species of negotiations financial embarrassments. The deficit produced however, remains unique in the annals of constituthe convocation of the national congress, and even tional governments. Italy continues forcibly quiet, protestant Holland did not revolt against bigoted so is the rest of Europe by mere force. These Spain till the exaction of the tenth penny! We governments are all the time sailing under high wish Prussia luck on her setting out on her new pressure; having at each stroke to overcome the career. It is quite time she should give up play- resistance of the common medium, and yet there ing soldiers and take an active share in the appro- are many who believe that because a great power priate improvements of the times. is active somewhere, that power must also be productive of corresponding results.

It is now almost certain that Baron Roenne will, after all, resign the presidency of the newly organized chamber of commerce in Berlin, and that the

customs.

Of the Mexican war, the Spectator of the 30th May thus speaks :

director of imposts Mr. Kruse, will take his place. The latter is a free trader, and a most thorough The United States and Mexico are fairly at war. creature of Great Britain. Political, not commer- Mexico strikes the first blow; crossing the Texan cial motives, are supposed to be the origin of this frontier, and inflicting on the American general movement. The King of Prussia, who is every-something very like defeat. General Scott and thing by halves, is afraid of lending his influence reinforcements of men and treasure are to be hurto a policy which might be considered as offensive ried to the boundary. Of course the United States to England, while, on the other hand, he is equally will conquer eventually-that is, if they manage undetermined to assume publicly the part of an op- to avoid giving European states occasion to mingle ponent of protection. In this unsettled state of in the quarrel; for, independently of superior dethings, the new Zollverein conferences convoked termination of purpose, the United States could at Berlin do not promise to become very interest-expend resources in the war, dollar for dollar, in a ing, or decisive to German industry. Nothing se- sanguinary game at "beggar my neighbor," and rious will be attempted on either side. But it is bankrupt their antagonist without sustaining any quite likely the Verein itself may undergo some vital injury. But there may be much trouble in changes, the south uniting with Austria, and the process: the wolf seems likely to find that this the north with Prussia, in a peculiar system of lamb may bite. And, biting or not, the slaughter will be costly. Congress has voted ten millions In proportion as the particulars of the contem- of dollars, and much more will be needed : voting plated constitution for Prussia become known, the money is easy, collecting it is a different matter. project itself ceases to have any meaning. The" Base is the slave that pays," and brother JonaPrussian parliament will contain advising, not de- than is no "nigger;" he detests paying taxes; liberating members, who will talk, write and pub- and so congress must borrow. Borrow!-of lish, but do nothing as becomes the philosophers whom? who will lend on American securities? of the Kepsic school. As an offset the liberal The credit of Mexico herself is not so low in the king-the comedian I mean-has ordered the ex- European markets. tradition of the Polish prisoners who were not taken by the Prussians; but who voluntarily surrendered to Prussia, as the most civilized and enlightened of the three powers who had united to effect her ruin. This dastardly act of the impotent man has produced an incredible sensation in Germany; but the patience of the Germans will long endure what their hearts abominate, and their heads despise. The mean spirit of the king is the more reprehensible as he has of late been subjected to every species of humiliation from the Emperor of Russia, (his brother-in-law,) who first lectured him like a schoolboy, as to the best mode of governing his country, and then left him without ceremony; having since repeatedly visited almost every country in Europe except that of his brotherin-law, and having prohibited the empress on her return to St. Petersburg, to visit her brother in Berlin. So you see Prussia, as I always told you, is still wavering between England and Russia, but equally though not overtly opposed to France and the United States.

Pictures from Italy. By CHARLES DICKENS. (No.
LXIII. of Wiley & Putnam's Library of Choice
Reading.)

THE greater part of these descriptions, as the author informs us, were written on the spot, and sent home, from time to time, in private letters. As penned in the fulness of the subject, and with the liveliest impressions of novelty and freshness, they will be all the more acceptable to those who have been wearied out by the stiff and formal delineations contained in the great mass of books of travel, upon Italy especially. The peculiar life and humor of Mr. Dickens are everywhere agreeably exhibited. "If my book," he says, "has even a fanciful and idle air, perhaps the reader will suppose it written in the shade of a sunny day, in the midst of the objects of which it treats, and will like it none the worse for having such influences upon it."-Protestant Churchman.

LITTELL'S LIVING AGE.-No. 114.-18 JULY, 1846.

From Chambers' Journal, HORACE MANN'S EDUCATIONAL TOUR. SOME of our readers may recollect an account of the Rauhe Haus of Hamburgh, which appeared in the Journal for 30th August last year. It was extracted from a report on education in Europe, written by Mr. Horace Mann, the Secretary of the Board of Education in the State of Massachusetts. We are glad to find that this remarkable document has now been reprinted for the British public, under the care of Dr. Hodgson, principal of the Mechanics' Institution of Liverpool. It is the production of such a mind as, unfortunately, we see but rarely devoted to the subject of education; one expressing, we would say, the highest tone of moral and intellectual culture, and yet as careful respecting the practical details of its subject, as it is profoundly reflective on general aims and results.

The immediate object of Mr. Mann in his tour was to describe teaching arrangements, and modes in use, in European countries, which he thought might be advantageously transferred to his own. His report is therefore mainly of a practical character, and calculated to be directly useful to teachers, and all who have any charge in educational institutions; for which reason we strongly recommend the present volume to their attention. Yet such is the character of the author's mind, that the whole reads like a philosophical treatise.

A considerable portion of the volume is occupied with memoranda on the schools of Germany, which Mr. Mann describes as superior to the character of the existing institutions of the country, but such as must soon force improvements in these, whether the governors choose or not. We cannot go into any comprehensive view of this subject; but the reader, we think, may obtain some idea of the interest which the author imparts to all his details, by the following account of the manner in which he found geography taught in a Prussian school. "The teacher stood by the black board with the chalk in his hand. After casting his eye over the class, to see that all were ready, he struck at the middle of the board. With a rapidity of hand which my eye could hardly follow, he made a series of those short, divergent lines, or shadings, employed by map-engravers to represent a chain of mountains. He had scarcely turned an angle, or shot off a spur, when the scholars began to cry out-Carpathian mountains, Hungary; Black Forest mountains, Wirtemberg; Giant's mountains (Riesen-Gebirge,) Silesia; Metallic mountains (Erz-Gebirge,) Pine mountains (Fichtel-Gebirge,) Central mountains (Mittel-Gebirge), Bohemia, &c., &c.

"In less than half a minute, the ridge of that grand central elevation which separates the waters that flow north-west into the German Ocean from those that flow north into the Baltic, and southeast into the Black Sea, was presented to view executed almost as beautifully as an engraving. A dozen crinkling strokes, made in the twinkling of

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an eye, represented the head waters of the great rivers which flow in different directions from that mountainous range; while the children, almost as eager and excited as though they had actually seen the torrents dashing down the mountain sides, cried out-Danube, Elbe, Vistula, Oder, &c. The next moment I heard a succession of small strokes or taps, so rapid as to be almost indistinguishable; and hardly had my eye time to discern a large number of dots made along the margins of the rivers, when the shout of Lintz, Vienna, Prague, Dresden, Berlin, &c., struck my ear. At this point in the exercise, the spot which had been occupied on the black board was nearly a circle, of which the starting point, or place where the teacher first began, was the centre; but now a few additional strokes around the circumference of the incipient continent extended the mountain ranges outwards towards the plains-the children responding the names of the countries in which they respectively lay. With a few more flourishes, the rivers flowed onwards towards their several terminations; and by another succession of dots, new cities sprang up along their banks. By this time the children had become as much excited as though they had been present at a world-making. They rose in their seats, they flung out both hands, their eyes kindled, and their voices became almost vociferous, as they cried out the names of the different places which, under the magic of the teacher's crayon, rose into view. Within ten minutes from the commencement of the lesson, there stood upon the black board a beautiful map of Germany, with its mountains, principal rivers, and cities, the coast of the German Ocean, of the Baltic and the Black Seas; and all so accurately proportioned, that I think only slight errors would have been found had it been subjected to the test of a scale of miles. A part of this time was taken up in correcting a few mistakes of the pupils, for the teacher's mind seemed to be in his ear as well as in his hand; and notwithstanding the astonishing celerity of his movements, he detected erroneous answers, and turned round to correct them. The rest of the recitation consisted in questions and answers respecting productions, climate, soil, animals, &c.

"Many of the cosmogonists suppose that, after the creation of the world, and when its whole surface was as yet fluid, the solid continents rose gradually from beneath the sea. First the loftiest peaks of the Andes, for instance, emerged from the deep, and as they reached a higher and a higher point of elevation, the rivers began to flow down their sides, until at last—the lofty mountains having attained their height, the mighty rivers their extent and volume, and the continent its amplitude-cultivation began, and cities and towns were built. The lesson I have described was a beautiful illustration of that idea-with one advantage over the original scene itself, that the spectator had no need of waiting through all the geological epochs to see the work completed.

Compare the effect of such a lesson as this, both as to the amount of the knowledge communicated, and the vividness, and of course the permanence, of the ideas obtained, with a lesson where

the scholars look out a few names of places on a to plead an important cause before a jury, but lifeless atlas, but never send their imaginations instead of standing and extemporizing, and showabroad over the earth, and where the teacher sits ing by his gestures, and by the energy and ardor listlessly down before them to interrogate them of his whole manner, that he felt an interest in his from a book, in which all the questions are printed theme; instead of rising with his subject, and at full length, to supersede on his part all neces- coruscating with flashes of genius and wit, he sity of knowledge.' should plant himself lazily down in a chair, read from some old book, which scarcely a member of the panel could fully understand, and, after droning away for an hour, should leave them, without having distinctly impressed their minds with one fact, or led them to form one logical conclusion-would it be any wonder if he left half of them joking with each other, or asleep? Would it be any wonder-provided he were followed on the other side by an advocate of brilliant parts, of elegant diction, and attractive manner, who should pour sunshine into the darkest recesses of the case if he lost not only his own reputation, but the cause of his client also?

All this must be equally new and interesting to the greater portion of our public. So, we thoroughly believe, will be the following account of the general conduct and bearing of the Prussian teachers amongst their pupils. It is even, we would say, affecting to hear of the activity and self-devotion of these most useful ministers, paid as they generally are below the gains of many ordinary tradesmen. "I have said that I saw no teacher sitting in his school. Aged or young, all stood. Nor did they stand apart and aloof in sullen dignity. They mingled with their pupils, passing rapidly from one side of the class to the other, animating, encouraging, sympathizing, breathing life into less active natures, assuring the timid, distributing encouragement and endearment to all. The looks of the Prussian teacher often have the expression and vivacity of an actor in a play. He gesticulates like an orator; his body assumes all the attitudes, and his face puts on all the variety of expression, which a public speaker would do, if haranguing a large assembly on a topic vital to their interests.

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"It may seem singular, and perhaps to some almost ludicrous, that a teacher, in expounding the first rudiments of handwriting, in teaching the difference between a hair-stroke and a groundstroke, or how an 7 may be turned to a b, or a u into a w, should be able to work himself up into an oratorical fervor, should attitudinize, and gesticulate, and stride from one end of the class to the other, and appear in every way to be as intensely engaged as an advocate when arguing an important cause to a jury; but strange as it may seem, it is nevertheless true; and before five minutes of such a lesson had elapsed, I have seen the children wrought up to an excitement proportionally intense, hanging upon the teacher's lips, catching every word he says, and evincing great elation or depression of spirits as they had or had not succeeded in following his instructions. So I have seen the same rhetorical vehemence on the part of the teacher, and the same interest and animation on the part of the pupils, during a lesson on the original sounds of the letters-that is, the difference between the long and the short sound of a vowel, or the different ways of opening the mouth in sounding the consonants b and p. This zeal of the teacher enkindles the scholars. He charges them with his own electricity to the point of explosion. Such a teacher has no idle, mischievous, whispering children around him, nor any occasion for the rod. He does not make desolation of all the active and playful impulses of childhood, and call it peace; nor, to secure stillness among his scholars, does he find it necessary to ride them with the nightmare of fear. I rarely saw a teacher put questions with his lips alone. He seems so much interested in his subject, (though he might thave been teaching the same lesson for the hundred or five hundredth time,) that his whole body is in motion-eyes, arms, limbs, all contributing to the impression he desires to make; and at the end of an hour, both he and his pupils come from the work all glowing with excitement.

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Suppose a lawyer in one of our courts were

"In Prussia and in Saxony, as well as in Scotland, the power of commanding and retaining the attention of a class is held to be a sine qua non in a teacher's qualifications. If he has not talent, skill, vivacity, or resources of anecdote and wit sufficient to arouse and retain the attention of his pupils during the accustomed period of recitation, he is deemed to have mistaken his calling, and receives a significant hint to change his vocation.

"Take a group of little children to a toy-shop, and witness their outbursting eagerness and delight. They need no stimulus of badges or prizes to arrest or sustain their attention; they need no quickening of their faculties by rod or ferule. To the exclusion of food and sleep, they will push their inquiries, until shape, color, quality, use, substance, both external and internal, of the objects around them are exhausted; and each child will want the showman wholly to himself. But in all the boundless variety and beauty of nature's works

in that profusion and prodigality of charms with which the Creator has adorned and enriched every part of his creation-in the delights of affectionin the ecstatic joys of benevolence-in the absorbing interest which an unsophisticated conscience instinctively takes in all questions of right and wrong-in all these, is there not as much to challenge and command the attention of a little child as in the curiosities of a toy-shop? When as much of human art and ingenuity shall have been expended upon teaching as upon toys, there will be less difference between the cases.

"The third circumstance I mentioned above, was the beautiful relation of harmony and affection which subsisted between teacher and pupils. I cannot say that the extraordinary fact I have mentioned was not the result of chance or accident. Of the probability of that others must judge. I can only say that, during all the time mentioned, I never saw a blow struck; I never heard a sharp rebuke given; I never saw a child in tears, nor arraigned at the teacher's bar for any alleged misconduct. On the contrary, the relation seemed to be one of duty first, and then affection, on the part of the teacher-of affection first, and then duty, or the part of the scholar. The teacher's manner was better than parental; for it had a parent's tenderness and vigilance, without the foolish dotings or indulgences to which parental affection is prone. I heard no child ridiculed, sneered at, or scolded, for making a mistake. On the contrary, whenever a mistake was made, or there was

on

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a want of promptness in giving a reply, the ex- a peasant girl and the pig of the house. The pig pression of the teacher was that of grief and disap-had absconded, or at least had not returned all pointment, as though there had been a failure not night; and the girl, who had been out searching merely to answer the question of a master, but to for him since daybreak, was now bringing him comply with the expectations of a friend. No home, reproaching him with his ingratitude as they child was disconcerted, disabled, or bereft of his walked along-the pig returning a sort of grudg senses through fear. Nay, generally at the ends ing acquiescence to each touching interrogatory. of the answers, the teacher's practice is to encour- Didn't I always get you enough straw at night age him with the exclamation,good,' right,' to cover round you, and a wisp to stick in the 'wholly right,' &c., or to check him with his chink o' the wall to keep the wind out!" Ouff, slowly and painfully-articulated no;' and this is said the pig. Haven't I given you the best pradone with a tone of voice that marks every degree ties, and leaves, and warm mash, and often gone of plus and minus in the scale of approbation and without a meal myself for you-eh, now?" Ouff, regret." said the pig; but the grudging acquiescence did in some degree partake of an Oh, don't bother me." "And would n't I always do my duty by you-eh? -would n't I? How could you have the heart to leave your own home-eh? Will I tell you of all your ingratitude, eh?" Ouff, said the pig; meanin this case, "Well, I don't care if I do hear about that.'

From the Daily News.

AN IRISH PIG-FAIR.

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In order to enter into the scene of an Irish pigfair with the proper spirit, it is requisite that the reader, besides encouraging a mirthful disposition, and a love for the study of character, should posWhat should an education like this produce? sess a duly-instructed mind on certain precursory What could be expected from such circumstances principles and facts of the subject now proposed to surrounding a creature from its birth? be treated. It will therefore be necessary to offer should all this incessant pampering of body and a few remarks on the character and the circum-mind produce in the character of the individual? I stances which have combined to form and establish speak it with regret in the present case-what but the character of an Irish pig. a brutal, gross, morose, selfish hog!

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behind or laterally, on the highway, to a public mart-there to be weighed, pinched, or fumbled all over, and then sold!-to what "end," let the classic muse of pie and sausage, pot, oven, ironspit, or brine-tub, in fitting verse recite.

Born in the warmest nook of the peasant's do- Now then imagine, oh, reader!-if, after what mestic circle in the very bosom of his family, we has been said, thou canst imagine such a thingmay say an Irish pig begins life under the most that the day at length arrives when this pampered flattering circumstances which could be imagined.pig has to be taken to the fair, whether he is graHe may, indeed, be said to suck flattery with his ciously pleased or not, there to be criticized and mother's milk. His bringing-up hath a smack of sold! Yes; the right honorable gentleman "who royalty in it. As everything within the immediate pays the rent" has to walk, perhaps for several range of his experience is made subservient to him, miles, with a certain indignity round one of his both in respect of his needs and his humors, he hind legs; and the disloyal, false knave, his ownnaturally and inevitably comes to the conclusioner, urging him, after divers base expedients, from that he is the most important person in existence, and that the world was made for his use. His mother was reared amidst the same illusory impressions. The whole object of the family he lives with is to fatten him, and do him honor. In fact, honor and fat react upon each other, and he The fair is held usually in the ordinary marketis crowned with favor in proportion to his obese place, being in itself no more than a market, exdemonstrations of having been graciously pleased cept from the dignity and importance, and, we to receive the offerings of his humble servants. ** may add, contumacious excitement of the chief The pig takes his meals with the rest of the thing sold. There are a few poor stalls for the family, whom, at best, he regards as his poor rela-huckster or pedlar trade; one gambling turn-about tions. He sits down with the circle of the family with half-penny stakes; a little stage on a cart for board, (often literally a board for a plate,) and eats the hoaxing sale of good-for-nothing haberdashwith them from the same dish, from which they ery; no shows of any kind, no toys, and only usually select for him the largest potatoes. In- three most unattractive stalls for stale-looking stances, it is true, have been known where a disloyal peasant has endeavored to persuade the pig to eat a few potato-peelings mashed up with the rest; but seldom with success. Far more common is it to give the pig something in addition-such as We have seen the pig in his domestic circle, porridge, bran and cake, and cabbage. Not mere- and have come to right understanding of his inev ly is the pig better fed than the peasant, with his itable character-the pampered creature of circumwife and children, but in several districts it is the stances. From his earliest infancy he was the only animal that is sufficiently fed. This is more heir-apparent of the grossest egotism, selfishness, especially the case in Sligo and Roscommon. The and ignorance. Now, let the reader of this hispig, meantime, knows how matters stand, and is torical, philosophical, severe, yet not unloving quite aware of his own importance. If he happens sketch, imagine himself, if he can venture such a to be coming in at the door of the cabin at the thing, in the midst of three or four hundred pigs same time that one of the children is coming out, like these! Three or four hundred outraged counhe tries to make it appear that there is not room try nobles, partly driven, and partly seduced away enough for both, and gives a child a hunch with from their cabins, vassals, and baronial bogs, and his shoulder in passing, like a surly brute who here assembled in public. Be it understood they would growl,"Get out of the way-don't you see are not in a drove, not under any discipline, not in me coming!" A traveller in the provinces told me any degree even of swine-herd order. No man that he once overheard a sort of dialogue between | dares to exercise his whip; nothing but a thin,

cakes and commonplace gingerbread with no gilt upon it, nor even the shining brown varnish which is the only admissible substitute. The fair is devoted to higher purposes.

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