versity; the late Colonel T. W. Higginson, Cambridge, Mass.; Judge Livingston W. Cleaveland, New Haven, Conn.; Mr. F. D. Kendrick, Lebanon, N. H.; Hon. Samuel J. Elder, Boston; Mr. R. S. Bradley, Boston; President Timothy Dwight, Yale University; Mr. Henry L. Hotchkiss, New Haven, Conn.; Mr. C. R. Forrest, Hartford, Conn.; Mrs. Keep Ladies Seminary, Farmington, Conn.; Mr. George W. Williams, Farmington, Conn.; Mr. George B. Alvord, Hartford, Conn.; Colonel A. H. Goetting, Springfield, Mass.; Mr. Adrian Iselin, New Rochelle, N. Y.; Mr. Guy R. McLane, New York City; Mrs. Marshall Crane, Dalton, Mass.; Governor Simeon E. Baldwin, New Haven, Conn.; Rev. John F. Huntington, Hartford, Conn.; Miss Theodate Pope, Farmington, Conn.; Mrs. Susan J. Cheney, South Manchester, Conn.; Mr. R. O. Cheney, Jr., South Manchester, Conn.; Mrs. L. G. Spencer, Manchester, Conn.; Mrs. I. M. Palmer, Marblehead Neck, Mass.; Mrs. S. Hagerty, Clifton, Mass.; the late Mrs. Jennie E. Emmerton, Salem, Mass.; Mrs. J. C. Rogers, Peabody, Mass.; General Francis Henry Appleton, Proctor's Crossing, Mass.; Dean Samuel Hart, Middletown, Conn.; Hon. Lyman D. Mills, Middlefield, Conn.; Mr. H. C. Rowley, Springfield, Mass.; Mr. George D. Barron, Rye, N. Y.; Miss A. C. Harris, Springfield, Mass.; Mrs. N. T. Bacon, Peacedale, R. I.; Mrs. F. C. Jones, Hartford, Conn.; The Pratt Brown Co., Perth Amboy, N. J.; Hon. George M. Landers, New Britain, Conn.; Mr. Gilbert W. Chapin, Hartford, Conn.; Mrs. Frederick Grinnell, New Bedford, Mass.; Miss Ann E. Bostwick, New Milford, Conn.; Mr. M. C. Bouvier, New York City; Mr. David L. Parker, New Bedford, Mass.; Mr. C. W. Clifford, New Bedford, Mass.; Hon. W. G. Church, Waterbury, Conn.; Hon. A. P. Gardner, Hamilton, Mass.; Editor Philip Troup, New Haven, Conn.; Mrs. Bradley, New Haven, Conn.; Mr. John T. Manson, New Haven, Conn.; Dr. Walter Skiff, New Haven, Conn.; Mr. William J. E. Jente, New Haven, Conn.; President H. A. Garfield, Williams College, Williamstown, Mass.; Mr. Robert Cluett, Williamstown, Mass.; Professor S. F. Clarke, Williamstown, Mass.; Rev. J. Franklin Carter, Williamstown, Mass.; Rev. William Van Valkenburg, Marblehead, Mass.; Mr. John Elliott, New Haven, Conn.; Mr. Charles G. Morris, New Haven, Conn.; Hon. W. H. Hackett, New Haven, Conn.; President William S. Scarborough, Wilberforce University, Wilberforce, Ohio; Professor James Edward Mason, Livingstone College, Salisbury, N. C.; Dr. York Russell, New York City; Mr. Emerson G. Taylor, Hartford, Conn.; Mr. John G. Talcott, Talcottville, Conn.; Mr. W. K. Sessions, Bristol, Conn.; Mr. William S. Ingraham, Bristol, Conn.; Mr. William C. Cheney, South Manchester, Conn.; Mr. N. N. Hill, East Haddam, Conn.; Mr. C. W. Bevin, East Haddam, Conn.; Mr. C. G. Bevin, East Haddam, Conn.; Mrs. Lena M. Barreau, New Bedford, Mass.; Dr. E. D. Osborn, New Bedford, Mass.; Dr. George H. Wright, New Milford, Conn.; Dr. W. L. Platt, Torrington, Conn.; Mr. Frederick Wadhams, Torrington, Conn.; Mr. Charles B. Johnson, New Haven, Conn.; Mr. A. R. Crittenden, Middletown, Conn.; Mrs. Everett L. Brown, Mr. Charles S. Kelly, Mr. William A. Read, Mr. C. Baylie, Mr. Bob Churchill, and Dr. N. W. Nelson, New Bedford, Mass.; Mrs. Mary F. Munsill, Hon. E. W. Hooker, Hartford, Conn.; Mrs. A. D. Vorce, Farmington, Conn.; Mrs. W. S. Hill, Sheffield, Conn.; Mr. R. S. Williams and Philip Williams, Glastonbury, Conn.; Mr. Henry M. Lester, New Rochelle, N. Y.; Mr. Charles Mallory, Byram Shores, Conn.; Mrs. S. M. Bradley, Mr. F. G. P. Barnes, Mr. H. T. Blake and Mr. A. C. Wilson, New Haven, Conn. Above all, I am indebted to Mr. Roger W. Tuttle, a Yale Classmate, of The Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Company for his generous aid, when my publishing venture was floundering in the sea of distress. I am indebted to Mr. J. E. Bruce, the president, and to Mr. A. A. Schomburg, the secretary of the Negro Society for Historical Research, for valuable data and for all of the African, West Indian and South American photographs, and for the portrait of Alexander Dumas, père. The Sierra Leone photographs are the work of Mr. Alisk Carew, a native African photographer. I am indebted to Mr. Emory T. Morris, Deputy Sealer of Weights and Measures in Cambridge, Mass., the nephew of the famous Robert Morris, the friend of the late Colonel T. W. Higginson, the former president of the Colored National League, whose common sense, public spirit, and purity and integrity of character have made him an esteemed and respected citizen of Cambridge. From my Harvard days until the present, his splendid library, which ranges from colonial and anti-slavery books and pamphlets up to philosophical and literary masterpieces, has been an unfailing source of inspiration and has supplied me with a rich fund of information. The late Colonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson often spoke to me of the high regard in which he held Mr. and Mrs. Emory T. Morris and the pleasure that he took in looking over Mr. Morris's books, several of which were out of print. I appreciate the courtesy of Professor John Christopher Schwab, the Yale Librarian, of Mr. Henry R. Gruener and George Alexander Johnson, assistants in the Yale Library, in granting me the use of the library and in assisting me in locating books and of Mr. E. Byrne Hackett of the Yale University Press. I also appreciate the kindness of E. H. Clement of the Boston Transcript. Now a concluding word as to the book. I have merely desired to get at the facts. Scientific accuracy and historical truth have been my pillars of cloud by day and of fire by night. I have endeavored as far as possible to verify all of the oral and written data that have been submitted to me and that I have chanced upon. My investigations and researches have led me into many by-paths, where I have uncovered many interesting facts. And the scrap book character of a few sections of Part IV. is due to the fact that I unearthed some of the new data while my book was in press. It was too late to rewrite the chapters and I was compelled to dovetail the facts in as best I could. I should have liked to elaborate upon the careers of many American colored men whom I have mentioned in my book, but my space was limited, as I was compressing six thousand years of history and summing up the careers of nearly one thousand individuals in one thousand pages. As I delved into the subject, I was amazed to find what honors had been conferred upon exceptional men of color in England, Scotland, Ireland, France, Germany, Holland, Russia, Spain and Portugal, amazed to find to what heights of eminence talented African and West Indian Negroes had risen, and I was forced to make place and room in my book for those distinguished foreign Negroes who had reached the highest pinnacle of fame. While some of the colored leaders in America have been teaching their followers to despise books and scholarship, Duse Mohamed in England has been writing plays, sketches, tragediettas, the libretto of a musical comedy, a coronation ode, a history of Egypt, a romance, a series of essays on the drama and editing a magazine of world scope and significance. And over in Africa Hon. James Carmichael Smith, ex-Postmaster General of Sierra Leone, has written nearly a dozen books upon economics which have been commended by the leading English and Scotch magazines. When the men of soaring ambition in the colored race in America receive encouragement, then, and then only, can we expect a Duse Mohamed and an Hon. James Carmichael Smith to arise in America. New Haven, Conn., July 1, 1913. CONTENTS OF VOLUME I. God Revealed in the Course of Human History, in the Teleology in Reality; or, in what Sense is there a Teleological |