placed in this claís, except that of having bands like the former, and making ufe of them to climb trees, or to pluck their food. Animals of the hare kind, indeed, are of ten leen to feed themselves with their fore pes, but they can hold nothing in one of Feingly, and are obliged to take up whatever they eat in both at once; but it is otherwife with the Maki, as well as the key kinds. They feize their food with e hand, pretty much like a man, and it with great eafe and firmness. The Maki, therefore, from this conformation in its hands, both before and behind, approaches nearly to the monkey kind; but, in wther refpects, fuch as the make of the frout, the form of the ears, and the parts that diftinguish the fexes, it entirely differs from them. There are many different kinds of thefe animals; all varying from each other in colour or fize, but agreeing in the human like figure of their hands and feet, and in their lang nofe, which somewhat refembles that of a dog. As most of thefe are bred in the depths of the foreft, we know little more concerning them than their figure. Their ay of living, their power of purfuit and efcape, can only be fuppofed, from the aBalogy of their conformation, fomewhat to refemble thofe of the monkey. The first of this kind is the Mococo; a beautiful animal about the fize of a common car, but the body and limbs flenderer, and of a longer make. It has a very long tail, at leaft double the length of its body. It is overed with fur, and marked alternately with broad rings of black and white. But what it is chiefly remarkable for, befides the form of its hands and feet, is the largenefs of its eyes, which are furmounted with a broad black space, and at the length of the binder legs, which by far exceed thofe before. When it fleeps,it brings its nofe to its belly, and its tail over its head. When it plays, it ufes a fort of galloping, with its tail railed over its back, which keeps continually in motion. The head is covered with dark ah-coloured hair; the back and fides, with a red ath-colour, and not fo dark as on the head; and the whole, gloffy, foft and delicate, smooth to the touch, and ftanding alnot upright, like the poil of velvet. It a native of Madagaicar; appears to be an harmless gentle animal; and though it refembles the monkey in many refpects, it has neither its malice nor its mifchief. Nevertheless, like the monkey, it feems to be always in motion; and moves, like all four-banded animals, in an oblique direc alfo is thicker than that of the Mococo; the eyes are black, with orange-coloured circles round the pupil; and the tail is of one uniform colour. As to the reft, it is found of various colours; fome being black, others brown; and its actions fomewhat refemble thofe of a monkey. The Vari is much larger than either of the former; its hair is much longer, and it has a kind of ruff round the neck, confifting of very long hair, by which it may be eafily diftinguifhod from the reft. It differs alfo in its difpofition, which is fierce and favage; and in the lousinefs of its voice, which fomewhat refembles the roaring of the lion. This alfo is a native of Madagascar. A fecond of this kind, which is also a ative of Madagascar, is the Mongooz; which is lefs than the former; with a foft, gdy robe, but a little curled. The note (To be continued.) As the following Life of that eminent Prelate, Dr. Warburton, is more circumftantial than any that bas lately appeared, we prefume it will require no Apology for laying it before our ingenious Readers. HIS learned prelate was born at New TH ark upon Trent, Dec. 24, 1698. His father was George Warburton, an attorney, and town-clerk of the place, in which this his eldeft fon received his birth and education. The family of Dr. Warburton came originally from the county of Chefter. Mr. George Warburton died about the year 1706, leaving his widow with two fogs and two daughters, of which the fecond fon, George, died young; but of the daughters, one still furvives her brother. The bishop received the early part of his education under Mr. Welton, then maf ter of Okeham fchool in Rutland hire; where he fhewed no indication of superior genius. His original defignation was to the profeffion of his father and he was ac cordingly placed clerk to an attorney, with whom he remained until he was qualified to engage in bufinefs on his own account. He was then admitted to one of the courts at Weftininfler, and for fome years continued the employment of an attorney and folicitor at the place of his birth. The fuccefs he met with as a man of business was probably not great. It was certainly infufficient to induce him to devote the rest of his life to it; and it is probable, that his want of encouragement might tempt him to turn his thoughts towards a profeflion in which his literary acquifitions would be more valuable, and in which he might more eafily pursue the bent of his inclination. He appears to have brought from fchool more learning than was requifite for a practising lawyer. This might rather impede than forward his progrets, as it has been generally ob ferved, that an attention to literary concerns, and the bustle of an attorney's of E 4 fice, with only a moderate fhare of busi nels, are wholly incompatible; it is there fore no wonder that he preferred retirement to noife, and relinquished what advantages he might expect from the law. In the year 1724, his first work, confifting of tranflations from Cæfar, Pliny, Claudian, and others, appeared, under the title of Mifcellaneous Tranflations, in Profe and Verfe, from Roman Poets, Orators, and Hiftorians." It is dedicated to his early patron, Sir Robert Sutton; and feems to have laid the foundation of his firft eccleBaltical preferment. At this period, it is probable, he had not abandoned his profeffion, though it is certain he did not attend to it much longer. About Christmas 1726, he came to London, and while there, was introduced to Theobald, Concanen, and others of Mr. Pope's enemies, with whose converfation he was extremely pleased. It was at this time that he wrote a letter to Concanen, dated Jan. 2, 1726, which by accident falling into the hands of the late Dr. Akenfide, was produced to most of that gentleman's friends, and by that means became the fubject of much speculation. About this time he alfo communicated to Theobald fome notes on Shakespeare, which afterwards appeared in that critic's edition of our great dramatic poet. In 1727, his fecond work, entitled, "A Critical and Philofophical Enquiry into the Causes of Prodigies and Miracles, as related by Hiftorians," &c. was published. He was at this time in orders, and on the 25th of April 1728, had the honour to be in the king's lift of masters of arts, created at Cambridge on his majesty's vifit to that university. In the fame year, he was prefented by Sir Robert Sutton to the rectory of Burnt Broughton in the county of Lincoln, a living which he retained till his death, at which he spent a confiderable part of his middle life in a ftudious retirement, devoted entirely to letters; and there planned, and in part exe. cured, fome of his most important works. Several years elapfed, after obtaining this preferment, before Mr. Warburton appear ed again in the world † as a writer. In 1736, he exhibited a plan of a new edition of Velleius Paterculus, which he printed in the "Bibliotheque Britannique, pour les Mois Juillet, Aout, & Sept. 1736. A la Haye." The delign never was completed. Dr. Middleton, in a letter to him, dated April 9, 1737, returns him thanks for his letters as well as the journal, which, fays he, N O T E. Published in Malone's fupplement to Shakespeare. † An "Apology for Sir Robert Sutton" in the affair of the charitable corporation h been attributed to his pen. "came to my hands foon after the date of my last. I had before feen the force of your critical genius very fuccessfully employed on Shakespeare, but did not know you had ever tried it on the Latin authors. I am pleased with feveral of your emendations, and tranfcribed them into the margin of my editi ons, though not equally with them all. It is a laudable and liberal amufement, to try now and then in our reading the fuccefs of a conjecture; but in the prefent flate of the generality of the old writers, it can hardly be thought a ftudy fit to employ a life upon, at leaft not worthy, I am fure, of your talents and industry, which inftead of trifling on words, feem calculated rather to correct the opinions and manners of the world." These fentiments of his friend appear to have had their due weight; for, from that time, the intended edition was laid afide, and never afterwards refumed. It was in this year, 1736, that he may be faid to have emerged from the obfcurity of a private life into the notice of the world. The first publication which rendered him afterwards famous now appeared, under the title of "The Alliance between Church and State; or, the Neceffity and Equity of an Established Religion and a Teft Law; demonftrated from the Effence and End of Civil Society, upon the fundamental Principles of the Law of Nature and Nations." At the end was announced the fcheme of The Divine Legation of Mofes," in which he had at this time made a confiderable progrefs. The firft volume of this work was published in January 1737 8, under the title of "The Divine Legation of Mofes demonftrated on the Principles of a religious Deilt, from the Omiffion of the Doctrine of a future State of Rewards and Punishments in the Jewish Difpenfation. In fix books. By William Warburton, M. A. Author of the Alliance between Church and State;" and met with a reception which neither the fubject, nor the manner in which it was treated, feemed to authorife. It was, as the author afterwards obferved, fallen upon in fo outrageous and brutal a manner, as had been fcarce pardonable, had it been "The Divine Legation of Mahomet.” It produced feveral anfwers, and fo much abufe from the authors of "The Weekly Mifcellany," that in less than two months he was constrained to defend himself, in "A Vindication of the Author of the Di vine Legation of Mofes, from the afper fions of the country clergyman's letter in the Weekly Mifcellany of February, 24 1737-8" 8vo. Mr. Warburton's extraordinary merit ha now attracted the notice of the heir apparen to the crown, in whofe immediate fervic we find him in June 1738, when he pub lifted "Faith working by Charity to Chrif tian Edification, a Sermon, preached at the laff epifcopal Vifitation for Confirmation in the Diocese of Lincoln; with a preface, hewing the reafons of its publication; and a pofticript, occafioned by fome letters lately published in the Weekly Mifcellany. By William Warburton, M. A. chaplain to, his royal highness the prince of Wales." A fecond edition of "The Divine Legation" allo appeared in November 1738. In March 1739, the world was in danger of being deprived of this extraordinary genius by an intermitting fever, which with fome difficulty was relieved by a plentiful ufe of the bark. The Effay on Man" had been now published fome years; and it is univerAlly foppofed, that the author had, in the compofition of it, adopted the philofophy of the lord Bolingbroke, whom, on this occafion, he had followed as his guide, withcut understanding the tendency of his principles. In 1738, M. de Croufaz wrote fome remarks on it, accufing the author of Spinozifm and Naturalifin; which falling isto Mr. Warburton's hands, he published a defence of the first epiftle, and foon after of the remaining three, in seven letters; of which fix were printed in 1739, and the feventh in June 1740, under the title of "A Vindication of Mr. Pope's Effay on Man, by the author of the Divine Legation." The opinion which Mr. Pope conceived of thefe defences, as well as of their author, will be best feen in his letters. In confequence, a firm friendship was established between them, which continued with undinished fervour until the death of Mr. Pope, who, during the remainder of his life, paid a deference and refpect to his friend's judgment and abilities, which will be confidered by many as almost bordering on Servility. In 1741, the fecond part of the "Divine Legation," in two parts, contain ing books IV. V. VI. was published; as was also a fecond edition of the " Alliance between Church and State." In the fummer of that year Mr. Pope and Mr. Warburton, in a country ramble, took Oxford in their way, where they parted; Mr. Pope, after one day's ftay, going weftward; and Mr. Warburton, who stayed a day after him, to visit Dr. Coneybeare, then dean of Christ's Church, returning to London. On that day, the vice-chancellor, Dr. Leigh, fent a mef. fage to his lodgings, with the ufual compliment, to know if a doctor's degree in divinity would be acceptable to him; to which fuch anfwer was returned as fo civil a meffage deferved. About the fame time, Mr. Pope had the like offer made him of a doctor's degree in law, which he seemed difpofed to accept until he learnt that fome impediment had been thrown in the way of his friend's receiving the compliment intend ed for him by the vice-chancellor. He then abfolutely refufed that propofed to himself. Both the degrees were therefore laid afide; and the univerfity of Oxford loft fome reputation by the conduct of this bufinefs, being thus deprived of the honour of two names, which certainly would have reflected credit on the fociety in which they were to have been enrolled. Mr. Pope's affection for Mr. Warburton was of fervice to him in more refpects than merely increafing his fame. He introduced and warmly recommended him to most of his friends, and amongst the reft to Ralph Allen, Esq; of Prior Park, whofe niece he fome years afterwards married, and whofe great fortune at length came to his only fon. In confequence of this introduction we find Mr. Warburton at Bath in 1742; there he printed a fermon, which had been preached at the Abbey-church on the 24th of October, for the benefit of Mr. Allen's favourite charity, the General Hofpital or Infirmary. In this year alfo, he printed a differtation on the Origin of Books of Chivalry, at the end of Jarvis's Preface to a tranflation of Don Quixote, which Mr. Pope tells him, he had not got over two paragraphs of before he cried out, Aut Erafmus, aut Diabolus. In 1742, Mr. Warburton published " A Critical and Philofophical Commentary on Mr. Pope's Effay on Man. In which is contained a Vindication of the faid Essay from the Mifrepresentations of M. de Refnal, the French Translator, and of M. de Crousaz, Professor of Philosophy and Mathematics in the Academy of Lausanne, the Commentator." It was at this period, when Mr. Warburton had the entire confidence of Mr. Pope, that he advifed him to complete the Dunciad, by changing the hero, and adding to it a fourth book. This was accordingly executed in 1742, and published early in 1743, with notes by our author, who in confequence of it, received his fhare of the fatire which Mr. Cibber liberally bestowed on both Mr. Pope and his annotator. In the latter end of the fame year, he published complete editions of "The Effay on Man," and "The Effay on Criticifin ;" and from the fpecimen which he there exhibited of his abilities, it may be presumed, Mr. Pope determined to commit the pub. lication of those works which he should leave, to Mr. Warburton's care. At Mr. Pope's defire, he about this time, revifed and corrected the "Effay on Homer," as it now flands in the lait edition of that tranflation. NOTE. The Cenfured very effectually by Tyrwhitt. Vid. Malone's Supplement to Shakespeare. On account of the last of these fermons, he was again involved in a controverfy wath his former antagonist, Dr. Stebbing, which occafioned "An Apological Dedication to the Rev. Dr. Henry Stebbing, in Anfwer to his Cenfure and Mifreprefentations of the Sermon preached on the General Fast, &c.' The publication of "The Dunciad" was found it neceffary to exert every effort which the laft fervice which our author rendered could be used against the invading enemy. Mr. Pope in his life-time. After a linger. The clergy were not wanting on their part; ing and tedious illness, the event of which and no one did more fervice than Mr. Warhad been long forefeen, this great poet died burton, who printed three excellent and feaon the 30th of May 1744; and by his will, fonable fermons at this important crifis: I. dated the 12th of the preceding December, A faithful Portrait of Popery, by which bequeathed to Mr. Warburton one half of it is feen to be the Reverfe of Chriftianity, his library, and the property of all fuch of as it is the Deftruction of Morality, Piety, his works already printed as he had and Civil Liberty. Preached at James's, not otherwife difpofed of or alienated, Weltminster, O&. 1745.” II. “A Serand all the profits which fhould arife from mon occafioned by the prefent unnatural any edition to be printed after his death: but Rebellion, &c. preached in Mr. Allen's at the fame time directed that they should Chapel, at Prior-Park, near Bath, Nov. be published without any future alterations. 1745." III. "The Nature of National In 1744, Mr. Warburton turned his Offences truly ftated. Preached on the Geattention to the feveral attacks which had neral Faft-Day, Dec. 18, 1745, 1746." been made on the "Divine Legation," and defended himself in a manner which, if it did not prove him to be poffeffed of much humility or diffidence, at leaft demonftrated, that he knew how to wield the weapons of controversy with the hand of a maller, His first defence now ap. peared, under the title of "Remarks on feveral occafional reflections, in Answer to the Rev. Dr. Midddleton, Dr. Pococket, the Mafter of the Charter-house, Dr. Richard Grey, and others; ferving to explain and justify divers paffages in The Divine Legation, objected to by thofe learned writers. To which is added, "A General Review of the Argument of the Divine Legation, as far as it is yet advanced; wherein is confidered the relation the feveral parts bear to each other and the whole. Together with an Appendix, in Anfwer to a late Pamphlet, intituled, An Examination of Mr. W-'s fecond propofition. This was followed next year by "Remarks on feveral occafional Reflections, in Answer to the Rev. Doctors Stebbing and Sykes; ferving to explain and juftify the Two Differtations in the Divine Legation, concerning the Command to Abraham to offer up his Son, and the Nature of the Jewish Theocracy, objected to by thefe learned Writers. Part II, and laft." Both thefe anfwers are couched in thofe high terms of confident fuperiority, which marked almost every performance that fell from his pen during the remainder of his life. On the 5th of September, 1745, the friendship between him and Mr. Allen was more clofely cemented by his marriage with Mifs Tucker, who furvived him, and is now (1781) the wife of the Rev. Mr. Smith. At this juncture the kingdom was under a great alarm, occafioned by the rebellion breaking out in Scotland. Those who wished well to then established government, N O T E S. + Bishop of Meath. Nicholas Mann, Eiq. Notwithstanding his great connections, his acknowledged abilities, and his established reputation; a reputation founded on the durable bafis of learning, and upheld by the decent and attentive performance of every duty incident to his ftation; yet we do not find that he received any addition to the preferment given him in 1728, by Si Robert Sutton (except the chaplainship to the Prince of Wales) until April 1746, when he was unanimously called by the Society of Lincoln's Inn to be their preacher, In November he published "A Sermor preached on the Thankfgiving appointed to be obferved the 9th of October, for the Suppreffion of the late unnatural Rebellion." In 1747 appeared his edition of Shakespeare and his preface to Clariffa; and in the fam year he published, I. "A Letter from ar Author to a Member of Parliament con cerning Literary Property." II. " Prefac to Mrs. Cockburn's Remarks upon th Principles and Reafonings of Dr. Ruther forth's Effay on the Nature and Obligation of Virtue," &c. III. «Preface to a Cri tical Enquiry into the Opinions and Practic of the ancient Philofophers, concerning th Nature of a Future State, and their Metho of teaching by double Doctrine." (By M Towne) 1747, 2d edition. In 1748, third edition of "The Alliance betwee Church and State, corrected and enlarged.' In 1749, a very extraordinary attack wa made on the moral character of Mr. Pope from a quarter where it could be the lea expected. His "Guide, Philofopher an Friend," Lord Bolingbroke, published book, which he had formerly lent Mr. Pop in MS. The preface to this work, white L P by Mr. Mallet, contained an accufation of In 1758, Mr. Warburton publifhed the Annexed to the first volume of Dr. to be dreaded from arguments against religion fo weakly fupported. Many anfwers were foor, published, but none with more acuteness, folidity and fprightliness, than "A View of Lord Bolingbroke's Philofophy in two Letters to a friend, 1754 ;” the third and fourth letters were published. in 1755, with another edition of the two former; and in the fame year a fmaller edition of the whole; which, though it came into the world without a name, was univerfally afcribed to Mr. Warburton, and afterwards publicly owned by him. To fome copies of this is prefixed an excellent complumentary epistle from the Prefident Montefquieu, dated May 26, 1754. At this advanced period of his life, that preferment which his abilities might have" claimed, and which had hitherto been withheld, feemed to be approaching towards him. In September 1754. he was appointed one of his Majefty's Chaplains in Ordinary; and in the next year was prefented to a Prebend † in the cathedral of Durham, on the death of Dr. Mangey. About the same time the degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by Dr. Herring, then archbishop of Canterbury. A new impreffion of the Divine Legation being now called for, he printed a fourth edition of the firft part of it, corrected and enlarged, divided into two volumes, with a dedication to the earl of Hardwicke. The fame year appeared "A Sermon preached before his grace Charles duke of Marlborough, prefident, and the governors of the hofpital for the fmall pox and for inoculation, at the parish church of St. Andrew, Holborn, April the 24th, 1755." And in 1756, " Natural and Civil Events the inftruments of God's Moral Government, a Sermon, preached on the last public fast-day, at Lincoln's-Inn chapel." In 1757, a pamphlet was published, called "Remarks on Mr. David Hume's Effay on the Natural History of Religion;" which is faid to have been compofed of marginal obfervations, made by Dr. Warburton, on reading Mr. Hume's book; and which gave fo much offence to the author animadverted upon, that he thought it of importance enough to deferve particular mention in the short account of his life. On the 11th of October in this year, our author was advanced to the deanry of Briftol; and in 1758, republished the fecond part of "The Divine Legation," divided NOT E. into + Soon after he obtained this preferment, he wrote Remarks on Neal's Hiftory of the Puritans, in the margin of that copy of Neal which belongs to the Cathedral Library of Durham. Mr. Prince of Oxford hath a tranfcript. |