Trees generally practised at Rome-Pliny-The Younger Se-

neca, p. 19-21.-Comparison between the Greek and Roman

methods, p. 21-24.-Revival of the Art in Europe in the 17th

century. Surprising achievement of Count Maurice of Nassau.

His splendid Gardens in Brazil, p. 24-28.-Efforts of the Ger-

mans, and French. Gigantic operations of Lewis XIV., p. 29

-33.-The Art cultivated in England-Evelyn-Wise. Im-

portant Improvement by Lord Fitzharding. Idea of the prac-

tice of that period, p. 33-37.-Brown invents the Transplant-

ing Machine. Cursory Account of his Method, p. 37-41.-

Landscape Gardening first introduced into Scotland. Its pro-

gress in that country, and in Ireland-White-Robertson-

Hayes, p. 41-45.-Ingenious system of Boutcher of Edin-

burgh, p. 45—47.-Marshall the best English Planter of that

day. His superior method of Removing Trees, p. 47—52.—

Strictures of Miller on the Lightening and Lopping practice.-

Pontey. The Art stationary in England down to the present

period, p 52-57.-Splendid Horticultural Achievement of Dr

Graham of Edinburgh, p. 57-60.-Progress of Landscape Gar-

dening on the Continent of Europe, in France, Germany, Hun-

gary. Striking contrast between French and English tastes, p.

60-63.-Superior intelligence of the Polish nobility, p. 63—

65.—The Art in all countries vague, and without a foundation

in Fixed Principles, p. 65—67.

SECTION III.

ATTEMPT TO SUGGEST A NEW THEORY, OR PRINCIPLE OF

THE ART.

Superior merit of Miller as a Phytologist. His disapproba-

tion of the practice of transplanting Trees, Young or Old, p. 68

-71.—Objections to the Removal of Large Trees stated and

answered, p. 71–75.-Attempt to discover a New Theory of

the Art. Deduced from the laws that regulate Organic Crea-

tion, p. 75-81.-Striking analogy between the Animal and Ve-

getable Kingdoms. Enunciation of the Proposition, p. 81-83.

-Characteristic distinctions between Sheltered and Exposed

Trees. Young Trees and Old impossible to be removed on si-

milar Principles. Surprising effects of Shelter and Exposure.

The PROTECTING and NON-PROTECTING PROPERTIES, p. 83

-89.-General Conclusions respecting the new Theory, p. 89

_93.

SECTION IV.

DEVELOPEMENT AND ILLUSTRATION OF THE NEW THEORY

OR PRINCIPle.

Universal influence of Exposure and Shelter. History and

progress of early Experiments, p. 94-100.-Importance of

Vegetable Physiology. Rank and precedency of the Four Pro-

tecting Properties, p. 100-102.-I. Thickness and Induration

of Bark. Idea of the Double course of the Sap in Trees. Doc-

trine of its Circulation. Grew-Malpighi-De la Baisse-

Bonnet-Hales-Du Hamel-Striking effects of Heat and

Cold, p. 102-110.—II. Girth and Stoutness of Stem, p. 110

-112.-III. Numerousness of Roots and Fibres, p. 112-116.

IV. Extent, Balance, and Closeness of Branches, p. 116.—

Branches and Roots relative and correlative, pp. 121, 122.—New

Principle of reversing the Position of the Branches, on Remo-

val, p. 122—125.-Idea of the PRESERVATIVE, in contradis-

tinction to the MUTILATING method. Specimen of a Tree re-

moved at Allanton House, Plate II. Comparative view of

the two Systems, as applied to Practice, p. 125-133.

SECTION V.

FURTHER DEVELOPEMENT OF THE NEW THEORY. SELEC-

TION OF SUBJECTS FOR REMOVAL.

Selection of Subjects, the most difficult part of the Art. Er-
rors usually committed by Planters, p. 134-136.-I. Want of

a proper Adaptation of Soils, p. 136-138.-II. Taking sub-

jects from close Woods and Plantations, p. 138-141.—III.

Too early Exposure in the Open field, pp. 141, 142.-Striking

illustration by a real example. Theory of Ill-success. Close

analogy between Vegetable and Animal life, p. 142–146.—

Idea of a proper Selection of Subjects. Difficulty of follow-

ing Nature, in adapting the Protecting Properties. Importance

of carefully husbanding them, p. 146-149.-Selection of Sub-

jects for Underwood. Bush-Planting in the open park, p. 149

-151.-Best Sizes of Trees, for successful Removal, pp. 151,

152.

SECTION VI.

PREPARATION of the Soil, for Open DISPOSITIONS OF

TREES, AND CLOSE PLANTATIONS.

Constituent parts of Soils. Sir H. Davy-Kirwan-Grie-

senthwaite. Properties of the best possible Soil, p. 153—155.

-Deep Soils particularly favourable to Trees. Vast superio-

rity of Park-wood in England, pp. 155, 156.—Theory of the

Melioration of Soils. Deepening and Pulverizing; Comminu-

tion of their parts, p. 156-159.-Water and Heat indispen-

sable agents. Theory of Manures. Aeration of Soils. Dar-

win-Davy-Thomson, p. 159-162.-Superior merit and

ingenuity of Tull. Causes of the failure of his system, p. 163.

-Best methods of Improving Soils; mainly by Intermixture,

and following the Chemistry of Nature. Great value of Com-

posts. Discovery of Lord Meadowbank; Dung-Lime-Peat-

moss, p. 163-168.-Preparation of Soils; 1st, For Single

Trees, and Open Dispositions of Wood. Proper Composts to

be used, p. 168-175.-Preparation for Groups and large

Masses. Extraordinary effects of Trenching, in encreasing the

Value of Land, and Eradicating Rushes. Great benefit of a

Twelvemonth's previous Preparation, p. 175–180.-2dly, Pre-

paration for Close Woods and Plantations, p. 180-183.-Im-

mense influence of Subsoils on soils of every sort, p. 183.-

View of Subsoils, the most favourable, and unfavourable to Ar-

boriculture, p. 183-187.

SECTION VII.

PREPARATION OF THE TREES FOR REMOVAL.

Preparation, the communicating of the Protecting Proper-

ties. Great error in supposing, that it relates solely to Roots.

Importance of gradual Exposure, and letting Nature do her own.

work, p. 188-192.-I. Preparation, of Single Trees. Lord

Fitzharding's method. Properties of Tap-roots. Analogous

to Leading Branches, and probably coexistent with them, p.

192-200.-II. Preparation of Trees in Large Masses. Trans-

planting Nurseries. Belts and Clumps of Brown admirable

subjects. Mr Thomas White. Superior talents and ingenuity

of that artist, p. 200—203.—Method of forming the Nurseries.

Example from the practice at Allanton House, p. 203-206.—

Description of other methods. Cultivation of Transplanting

Nurseries an improvement, instead of a deterioration of Woods,

p. 206-212.

SECTION VIII.

TAKING-UP AND TRANSPORTation of the Trees.

Superior management of Roots, according to the Preserva-

tive system. Misapprehension of Marshall and others, pp. 213,

214.-Peculiar implements necessary to take up minute and

fibrous roots. The Tree-Picker, Plate III. posth., pp. 214,

215.-Instructions for the process of Taking-up. Injudicious

to hurry that operation. Necessity for speedily Covering up the

Roots. Remarkable difference in the habits of Trees, p. 215-

221.-Improved method of raising the Tree from the Pit, p. 221

-223.—Idea of the Transplanting Machines in use. Superi-

ority of Brown's Machine, for Dispatch and Park-practice, pp.

-

223, 224-Machining the Tree. The Machiner's, a duty of

nicety and difficulty. Details of the process, p. 224-228.-

Machiner acts as Steersman. Tree drawn out of the pit, and

Balance-men sent to the Top, p. 228-230.-Delineation of

the Machine in Motion, on the Balancing principle, Plate IV.-

Third Wheel unnecessary, unless for very heavy work, pp. 231,

232.-Extraordinary Accident to be guarded against, p. 232-

234.-Machines often ill constructed for Dispatch. Two Ma-

chines recommended. Intermediate size. Diagram-Plate

III. p. 234-237.-Description and Specifications of Three

Machines, on an improved construction, p. 237-250.

SECTION IX.

PLANTING OF THE TREES IN THEIR NEW SITUATION.

Great importance of moving slowly along the ground.

low planting recommended, pp. 251, 252.-Director of the

Work. Judgment to be shown by him, in bringing the proper

side of the Tree to windward, p. 252-254.—Easy method of

attaining accuracy in placing Trees, pp. 255, 256.-Further de-

tails of the Planting, p. 256-261.—Bolstering up of the Roots.

Method of forming the Retaining-Bank. Use of Props and

Supports superseded, p. 261-264.-Nicety and difficulty of

the process of Distribution. Handlers and Coverers. Parti-

cular detail of this process, p. 264-269.-Decalcation of the

Mould unadvisable, until the Covering is finished, p. 269-271.

-Great difficulty in getting these operations performed leisurely

enough. Not easily apprehended by verbal description, pp. 271,

272.-Success of the Preservative System mainly dependent

on the Retaining Bank, and preserving the Fibres undisturbed.

Singular Success of the System. No Tree ever blown down

at Allanton House; Deaths, one in Forty, and Five-and-forty,

p. 272-274.