of the former, that the Machine is far more difficult to manage, than the boat in the water, owing to the greater unevenness of the surface of ground, and the extraordinary length of the pole, as compared with the rudder, thereby causing a much more sudden impulse to be communicated to the Machine than to the boat. The Steersman of the Machine has, for that reason, a far more difficult part to perform, in which much judgment, as well as strength is called forth, and where one assistant, and sometimes two or three, are requisite to aid him in so laborious a task.

The above mode of balancing the Tree between the axle, which is the centre of gravity, and the extremity of the pole, I greatly prefer, on every occasion where it can be adopted, to that of having recourse to the Third Wheel. This addition to the Machine could seldom be made, with such extensive Tops as the Park-Trees removed here usually have, without severe injury to the branches. But it will be found useful with longstemmed, or very heavy subjects of any sort, especially when they are to be brought from the distance of half a mile or more, as must often happen. I have, however, by bringing the Third Wheel closer to the two others, endeavoured to render this less objectionable.

In a system of Transportation, regulated by the above principles, it will be perceived, that the driver

of the horses cannot proceed too slowly. The rate of two miles an hour on level ground, implies the quickest pace that should ever be attempted. By heights and hollows, and narrow passes, by roughness or unevenness of ground, accidents enow will happen, without aggravating them by carelessness, or needless haste. In going up an acclivity, how gradual soever it may be, it is obvious that, with a load so nicely balanced, a proportional depression of the top must take place, and, in descending, a like depression of the root. But, by the attention of the Steersman, and particularly of the two Balancemen above, or the efforts of both united, much undue pressure on either roots or branches may be avoided. If the declivity be steep, approaching to a fall of one foot in twenty, foresight will suggest the expediency of taking off the horses, so as to prevent the possibility of their being overrun by the Machine; for, in such a case, it will be found to descend with sufficient velocity, and little aid from the men, in consequence of the impetus given to it by its own weight.

There is, however, one species of accident, against which it may be proper to caution the inexperienced planter, as it has happened at this place. As it did happen, it was productive only of merriment, instead of the loss of life or limb; although such an issue was far more "owing to good luck, than to good guiding" (as the national

proverb has it), or to any claim to vigilance, or prudent management. In proceeding with the Machine down a gentle slope of some length, at an accelerated pace, on which occasion both the Balancemen had gained the top with their usual agility, it so fell out, that the cords, which secured the rack-pins of the root, unfortunately gave way. This happened so suddenly, that the root at once struck the ground, with a force equal to the united weight of the mass, and the momentum of the movement, and pitched the Balancemen (now suddenly lifted to an elevation of nearly thirty feet), like two shuttle-cocks, to many yards distance, over the heads of the horses and the driver, who stood in amazement at their sudden and aerial flight! Luckily for the men, there was no frost upon the ground, so that, instead of breaking their bones, they fell only on the soft turf of the park; from which soon getting up and shaking themselves, they heartily joined in the laughter of their companions, at the extraordinary length of the leap which they had taken. Fortunately also, the driver and the horses escaped a worse fate, which had impended them: For the Steersman and his assistants, with great presence of mind, never quitted their hold; and their weight, added to the weight of a ponderous mass of roots and earth, kept the Tree upright, and prevented it from overwhelming both the team and the driver. This accident, which was at once dangerous

and ludicrous, made us extremely cautious afterwards, in securing the bracers; but the imagination of the Balancemen was forcibly impressed by it; and it proved impossible to persuade them to resume their elevated functions, for many months after.

It now only remains to say something of the nature and dimensions of the Transplanting Machines which have been employed, in order that those, who set a value on lightness and efficiency in such implements, may not be without a guide, whereby to provide similar Machines for themselves. Planters, however, residing within a moderate distance, would do well to procure them from my Carpenter here, Thomas Nesbit, a very ingenious man, who has been much in the habit of making them for some years.

It appears hitherto to have been the opinion of the constructors of Transplanting Machines, that their value, in a great measure, lies in the weight of wood and iron they contain. My conception of it, on the other hand, is precisely the reverse; as I believe, that, the smaller the quantity of those materials, the greater the utility of the implement. If it be true, that the greatest success, and the greatest dispatch united, form the character of the most perfect Transplanting-work, it follows, that heavy implements of this sort, unless for work of uncommon magnitude, are doubly inexpedient; first, on account of the expense which

they cost in the beginning; and secondly, on account of the still greater expense, which it erelong costs, to use them: For time needlessly lost is money improvidently thrown away. Better that a Machine should break down twice in your life, from being somewhat too light for its work, than that it should cost you three times its price in labour, in dragging a superfluous load of wood and iron about your park; for thus there would be a loss of both time and money. This, however, is a style of estimate, which only practical persons will understand, and only economists of time will duly appreciate. If a man remove only three Trees in a twelvemonth, it signifies little what sort of Machine he happens to use. But, if he remove sixty, or a hundred Trees, twenty or thirty times the cost makes a great figure in the calculation. Now, supposing that he executed but a third part of the work last mentioned, I am satisfied, that there would be economy in having two Machines, calculated to the scale of his work; the Machine for the lesser Trees being light, and possessing small power, the other, for the greater Trees, weighty, and possessing much greater power. In this way Power (which, as the best philosophers have agreed, is nearly the synonyme of Money) would never be idly employed, but judiciously suited to, though never suffered to transçend, the immediate object of the planter.

As this reasoning appears to be conclusive, I