UNDERSTANDING-Verstand 1) in the most extenfive fenfe, is the felf-active faculty of cog nition (fpontaneity), or the faculty of producing reprefentations, of uniting the reprefentations given or perceived, of thinking and judging upon objects: 2) in particular; the faculty of forming conceptions and judgments of objects perceived; the faculty of acquiring experimental cognitions, i. e. of forming rules, as opposed to laws. In this fenfe, the Understanding is diftinguished from Reason in a more limited fignification. The WILL 1) in general, is the arbitrary determination, the causality of a living being, the power of producing objects corresponding with conceptions, or at least of determining oneself as to the attainment of them; an appetitive faculty in general; 2) in particular, the caufality of Reason with respectt o its actions, practical Reason and Liberty; a faculty of acting conformably to principles, i. e. to the representation of laws-to produce fomething, that corresponds with an idea or purpose. WISDOM-Weisheit is the idea of the neceffary unity of all poffible purposes. It is therefore 1) theoretically confidered, the cognition of the highest good: 2) practically: an attribute of that will, which realizes the highest good, or at least exerts itself for that purpose. FINIS. THREE PHILOLOGICAL ESSAYS, CHIEFLY TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN OF JOHN CHRISTOPHER ADELUNG, &c. N. B. This leaf must be cut out and prefixed to the Effays, CONTENT S. ESSAY FIRST. A concife hiftory of the English language, its changes, PAGE and gradual improvement, I. British-Saxon Period, II. Danish-Saxon period, III. Normannic-Saxon Period; or Normannic Anglo- IV. French-Saxon, or English period, Divifion first from 1272 to 1399: or from Edward V vi ix XX xxix I. to Henry IV. xxxi Divifion fecond: from 1399 to 1485; or from Henry IV. to Henry VII. xlviii Divifion third: from 1485 to 1558; or from Henry VII. to the end of Q. Mary. lviii Divifion fourth from 1558 to 1625; or during the reigns of Q. Elizabeth and K. James I. Concluding general remarks, lxviii lxxxv ESSAY SECOND. A philofophical view of the English language. Why called philofophical? lxxxviii. Of the English Language, Ibid. Of the English written Language, lxxxix. Divifion of Grammar Ibid. Of the English Written Characters, Ibid. Of the Anglo-Saxon Alphabet, xc. Of its difufe, ibid. Of angular written characters, xci. The English write differently from what they speak, xcii. Explanation of this phenomenon, xciii. Of orthography, xciv. Of the structure of words, ibid. Definition of words and fyllables, ibid. Divifion of words according to their ftructure, xcv. Definition of radicals |