scription, FEL TEMP REPARATIO. P.L.C. A similar coin is delineated in Paten's work on Roman coins (pp. 471, 472, figure 5), accompanied by an interesting description.

GRIMLEY.

An ancient British stone celt, in the possession of Mr. John Evans, late of Worcester, was found in the year 1835, by a workman, in a gravel bed, several feet beneath the surface, near Ball Mill, in this parish. The bed lies upon rather elevated ground on the western side of the Severn, nearly opposite to Bevere Island, and within a short distance of it. The celt is five inches long, two inches broad at one end, one inch and six-eighths at the other; one inch and an eighth broad, and one inch and six eighths thick in the middle; it weighs nine ounces and a half; is edged at both ends, but the one end has been rather blunted and lessened a little by use. It has a hole through it for a handle. Two views thereof are represented in the engraving, Plate 4, Nos. 8 and 9, page 98.

An ancient British celt, or stone axe, was, a few years ago, found by the brick-makers while digging for brick earth at Grimley Ham, fourteen feet deep in the alluvial soil, at the distance of about 127 yards from the Severn. It is in the possession of Mr. Amphlett of Farfield. It weighs eight pounds five ounces and a half, is nine inches and a half long, three inches broad, four inches thick at the blunt end, and three inches and a half broad at the sharp end the hole for the handle is an inch and three quarters in diameter; the stone is a species of basalt. (See an engraving of it, Plate 4, No 10, page 98.)

There are several stone axes in the Scarborough Museum* ; the largest one, found at Scalby, and made of basalt, is nearly the same in size and shape as the one in question. When I visited the spot at Grimley Ham, there was an appearance as if an old dyke had been buried there by the alluvium, which would partly account for the great depth at which the axe lay.

See my account of them in the "Archæologia," Vol. xxx., pp. 458-462.

BEVERE ISLAND.

The several coins in my possession (the particulars of which are stated below) were collected by a gentleman of Bevere, in Claines parish. Some of them, it is said, were found on Bevere* Island, but of this I am not certain.

A colonial coin of Augustus and Agrippa, with their joint portraits on the obverse; and on the reverse the words Col. Nem." (Colonia Nemausus f), with a crocodile chained to a palm tree, an apt emblem of their victories in Egypt. A coin of Tiberius, with his portrait. Also one with his whole figure in a sitting posture, and which should contain the legend" Civitatibus Asia Restitutus", but it is obliterated. Coins of Galba, Vespasian, Domitian, Trajan, Marcus Antoninus, Dioclesian, Constantine the Great, and Valentinian, with their portraits. A consecration coin of Faustina, the wife of Antoninus Pius, with her portrait; the inscription" Diva Faustina" on the obverse, and Juno on the reverse. Also a Greek coin, with a head of a female on the obverse, and a dragon or monster, and the Greek word Maσoa on the reverse, showing that it was a colonial coin of Massilia (the modern Marseilles).

About the year 1809, an ancient British bronze celt, or knife, was dug up in Bevere Island. It is four inches and oneeighth long, two inches and three-eighths broad at the widest end, one inch and three-eighths broad at the middle, six-eighths of an inch broad at the narrowest end, and two-eighths of an inch thick in the centre. It weighs six ounces and three quarters, and is rather sharp at both ends, but most so at the smallest end. It is now in the possession of Mrs. Spriggs, of Worcester. engraving of it, Pl. 4, No. 11, p. 98.)

(See an

I was informed by the late Sir S. R. Meyrick, that the implement in question was used as a knife, and was held between the finger and thumb like those of stone described in Keats's account of the Pelew Islands.

So called from beavers having formerly frequented it.

The modern Nîmes in France.

These cities had been destroyed by an earthquake.

There is an ancient flint knife, something similar, delineated in Pl. 36 of Vol. xv. of the " Archæologia," p. 349, which was found in the parish of Kiltaran, in Galway. There is also another of flint in the Scarborough Museum *, four inches and a half long, which was found at Pickering in Yorkshire.

Bevere Island lies about three miles north of the city of Worcester.

THE HILLS.

I shall now attempt to give some account of the origin of the names, and also the antiquities, of several of the hills of Worcestershire.

Our first range will be the beautiful chain on the western side of the county, running parallel with the right bank of the Severn, at a distance from it of from four to five miles. This chain com. prehends the Malvern, Old Storage, Ankerdine, Berrow, Woodbury, and Abberley Hills. I shall then advert to the Tot, Toot, or Teut Hills, lying about two miles off the eastern or left side of the Severn. These are Cruckbarrow, Elbury, and Tutnall; the first of which faces Great Malvern and Old Storage Hills; the second, Ankerdine Hill; and the last fronts the Berrow, Woodbury, and Abberley Hills. Towbury Hill Camp, before described, faces the camp on Little Malvern Hill; but these two last do not strictly belong to Worcestershire, being just without the border. Some parts, adjacent to these hills, will likewise be noticed in speaking of the Toot Hills generally.

The whole of this region has been very fully described, in a geological point of view, by Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, in his work on the Silurian System; and is also referred to in my pamphlet on the Old Red Sandstone of Worcestershire and Herefordshire, published in 1835 f.

* See my account thereof in Vol. xxx. of the " Archæologia," p. 461.

+ I take this opportunity of stating that am induced, by a further acquaintance with geology, to retract many of the views advanced in the above pamphlet, respecting the circular and semicircular marks in the old red sandstone of that locality, as mammalia have not been discovered in such sandstone, although fossil reptiles have lately been found therein in Devonshire.

Iter IV.

MALVERN HILLS.

DR. NASH (Vol. ii., p. 121) says that the name Malvern is probably derived from the British word Moel, signifying bald, and Wern, alders, importing a bald hill, with alders at the bottom; or rather from Moel, which, in British, signifies a mountain, and he cites several authorities upon the subject.

It seems to me more probable that the syllable "vern " is derived from the British words "Sarn," or "Yarn," which respectively mean a pavement or seat of judgment*; if so, the name would signify the mountain of the seat of judgment, or the high court or seat of judgment, proving it to have been an important station of the Druids.

In corroboration of this view it may be remarked that the Malvern range contains what is considered to be an ancient British triangular-shaped camp, and is surrounded by other camps, stations, and antiquities, both British and Roman. In addition to this it is crossed by primitive roads §, some of which have already been described, and others will be noticed in the subsequent part of this work.

The Malvern Hills, and a piece of land called " Ambers," in * See p. 128 respecting these names, also the section relative to the Ambrosia Petræ.

+ Malvern is spelled Malferna in "Domesday Book ;" and it mentions Malvertone, Co. Warwick, and Malveselle and Malveshille, Co. Hereford.

The sacred altars appear in some instances to have been within the camps, see the heads "Ambrosia Petræ," and "Ancient Roads;" therefore the Herefordshire Beacon Camp most probably contained a sacred altar, as well as a seat of judgment.

§ Particularly the Ridge Way.

Castle Morton, Fire Hill Field and Tyre Hill in Welland, Crookberrow and Elsborough in the Berrow and Pendock, Tutshill and Gadbury Banks in Eldersfield, Sarn Hill or Sern Hill in Bushley, the Mythe Tute near Tewkesbury, the Bambury or Banbury Stone in Kemerton Camp on Bredon Hill, and Starn Hill in the parish of Elmley Castle, are all nearly in a line with each other.

Jones, in his " Brecknockshire," Vol. i., p. 26, makes Moel-yYarn, which is pure Welsh, signify the high court, or seat of judgment*.

There is a hill in Stourbridge which was formerly called Yarnborough, but is now called Ambury t. Likewise a camp called Yarnbury, Yarnsbury, or Yanesbury, in Wiltshire, relative to which it is stated in Gough's "Camden," that " against the Romanity of Yarnsbury or Yanesbury Camp, it has been urged that Roman camps were generally square and single trenched, whereas this is double. Its being oval and so much like Bratton, only bigger, would induce one to think it Danish, and perhaps its name, with a small alteration of sound, implies as much."-Still, however, I feel inclined to consider it British.

HEREFORDSHIRE BEACON.

King, in his "Munimenta Antiqua," states that "there are a vast number of strong intrenchments in all parts of this island, of a very peculiar kind, situated chiefly on the tops of natural hills, and which can be attributed to none of the various people who have ever dwelt in the adjacent country, except to the ancient Britons; although indeed the subsequent conquerors, Romans, Saxons, Danes, and even the Normans, have on certain emergencies made use of them, on account of their great original strength. One of the most important and considerable is situated in a spot that could not but be an object of the utmost attention to the original inhabitants of those territories, which afterwards were deemed distinctly England and Wales. This is the Herefordshire

See Chambers's "General History of Malvern," published 1817, p. 276. + See Sarn Hills, p. 128.