drums, H and I, serve to conduct the sheet evenly from the one printing cylinder to the other. One series of tapes commences at the upper end of the entering drum

E, proceeds in contact with the right hand side and under surface of the printing cylinder F, passes next over the carrier drum H, and under carrier drum 1, then,

encompassing the left hand side and under portion of the printing drum G, it passes in contact with the small tension rollers, and finally at the roller E, which may be called the commencement of the one series of endless tapes. The second series descends from a point on the entering drum E, when it meets and coincides with the first series in such a way, that both sets of tapes proceed together under the printing cylinder F, over H, under 1, and round G, until they arrive at the point where they separate. These various cylinders and drums revolve very truly, by means of a system of toothed wheels and pinions mounted at their ends. Two horizontal forms of types are laid at a certain distance apart upon the long carriage M, adjoining to each of which there is a flat metallic plate or inking table in the same plane. This common carriage is moved backward and forward upon rollers attached to the framework, and in its traverse brings the types into contact with the sheet of paper, clasped by the tapes round the surface of the printing cylinders.

Although the speed of the first machine was equal to turning out 1800 papers per hour, increased subsequently to 4200 each to 4200 each hour, still, latterly, this was found too limited for the demands of The Times, which required 10,000 per hour. To meet such a demand required the abandonment of the recipro

cating motion of the type form, and so to arrange it as to make the motion continuous, for which only the circular motion could do. Accordingly, a large central vertical drum, or cylinder, in The Times printing machine (this is 200 inches, and 64 inches in diameter), was set up, to which the columns of type were fixed. This drum is surrounded by eight cylinders, also placed with their axes vertically, upon which the paper is carried by tapes in the usual manner. Thus, in every revolution of the drum, the type form is successfully pressed against each of the eight cylinders; and the type being successively inked, and each of the eight cylinders supplied with paper, eight sheets of paper will be printed in one revolution of the drum. Of this the annexed drawing will give a general idea of this ingenious and masterly machine, by which The Times is supplied to the world.

Before concluding this branch of our subject, it may be stated that, by this machine, 50,000 impressions have been taken without stopping to brush the form or table; indeed, the vertical machine is capable of almost unlimited extension, and Mr. Applegath offered to the Royal Commission of the Royal Exhibition to make a machine which, with no rate of motion more rapid than that of The Times, should print 40,000 sheets per hour, or about eleven sheets between every two ticks of a

common clock. The rate of The Times machine will deliver from 10,000 to 11,000 per hour, but with expert men to deliver the sheets, a still greater speed may be attained; and there is no doubt that the vertical position of the inking rollers is more conducive to the goodness and clearness of the work, for the type and engraving are only touched on their extreme surface, than the horizontal machine, where the inking rollers act by gravity; besides, any dust shaken out of the paper, which formerly was deposited upon the inking rollers, now falls upon the floor.

The circumstance that contributed most to increase the influence of the newspaper press, was the employment of reporters and of writers of eminence, to whom the management of certain portions were committed. Perry, of the Morning Chronicle, was the first who effected a great improvement in the matter of reporting, by the employment of a series of gentlemen who should relieve each other by turns. Thus he was enabled to give in the morning all the debates which had taken place in the Houses of Parliament in the preceding night, a practice which has been ever since regularly continued. The gentlemen engaged as reporters generally possess a liberal education, and from practice are so expert, that it is not uncommon for one reporter to supply from the notes of three quarters