rashness, auf körperliche Handlungen anwendbar, ist ein allgemeiner und unbestimmter Ausdruck mit dem Hauptbegriff einer unpassenden Schnelligkeit, die entweder aus, Heftigkeit des Gemüths, oder aus temporairer Leidenschaftlichkeit entstehen kann; temerity, auf moralische Handlungen beziehlich, die Ueberlegung und Berechnung erheischen, bezeichnet den Hauptbegriff des Mangels an Ueberlegung, größtentheils die Folge zu großen Selbstvertrauens und Eigendünkels; das dritte und vierte Hauptwort sind nur Arten von rashness, und werden daher nur in besondern Fållen gebraucht: hastiness in Bezug auf unsere Bewegungen, und precipitancy auf unsere Maaßregeln.

To jump into a river: without being able to swim, or the leaping over a hedge, without being an expert horseman, is rashness.

To distrust fair appearances, and to restrain rash desires, are instructions which the darkness of our present state should strongly incul(Blair.)

cate.

All mankind have a sufficient plea for some degree of restlessness, and the fault seems to be little more than too much temerity of conclusion in favour of something not experienced. (Johnson.) Still the kindness with which he is treated encourages him to go on, hoping that in time he may acquire a steadier footing; and thus he proceeds, half venturing, half shrinking, surprised at his own good fortune, and wondering at his own temerity (Irving's S. B.)

And hurry through the woods with hasty step,
Rustling and full of hope.

The night looks black and boding; darkness fell
Precipitate and heavy o'er the world,

At once extinguishing the sun.

(Mallet.)

1. RAVAGE, 2. DESOLATION, 3. DEVAS

TATION.

1. Verheerung, Verwüstung; 2. Veröden, Verheerung, Verwüstung; 3. Verwüstung, Verheerung.

Das erste Hauptwort drückt weniger aus, als das zweite oder dritte; ravage schließt ein Zerbrechen, Zerreißen oder Zerstören in sich, es verbreitet Angst und Schrecken: Ströme, Flammen und Stürme verheeren, ravage; es wird auch in moralischer Anwendung gebraucht. Desolation bezeichnet die gänzliche Entvölkerung eines Landes; es verursacht Gram und Verzweiflung: Krieg, Pest und Hungersnoth verheeren, desolate; devastation verursachen Heere von Barbaren, die ein Land überschwemmen.

Nothing resists ravages, they are rapid and terrible; nothing arrests desolation, it is cruel and unpitying; devastation spares nothing, it is ferocious and indefatigable, it spreads dread and horror. Disease makes its ravages on beauty; death makes its ravages among men.

Beasts of prey retire, that all night long,
Urged by necessity, had rang'd the dark,
As if their conscious ravage shunn'd the light,
Asham'd.

No more you feel Contagion's mortal breath
That taints the realms with misery severe,

No more behold pale Famine, scattering death,
With cruel ravage desolate the year.

(Thomson.)

(Falconer's Elegy.)

Amidst thy bowr's the tyrant's hand is seen,
And desolation saddens all thy green.

(Goldsmith.)

Sick of the scene, where War with ruthless hand
Spreads desolation o'er the bleeding land.

(Falconer's Shipwr.)

How much the strength of the Roman republic is impaired, and what dreadful devastation has gone forth into all his provinces.

(Melmoth's Cicero.)

1. RAY, 2. BEAM

1. 2. Strahl.

Das erste Hauptwort, Lichtstrahl, von allen leuchtenden Körpern, ist in seiner Bedeutung unbestimmt, es kann von einem großen oder kleinen Lichttheil gesagt werden; das zweite ist etwas Positives, und kann nur von einem größern Lichttheil, besonders von den Strahlen der Sonne in der ersten Hälfte des Lages, gebraucht werden. Die Strahlen der Sonne, der Sterne, oder irgend eines andern leuchtenden Körpers, heißen rays, aber man nennt beams nur die Strahlen der Sonne oder des Mondes. Ray wird auch uneigentlich, aber beam selten und größtentheils nur in seiner eigentlichen Bedeutung gebraucht.

The rays of the sun break through the clouds; its beams are scorching at noon-day. A room can scarcely be so shut up, that a single ray of light shall not penetrate through the crevices; the sea, in a calm moonlight night, presents a beautiful spectacle, with the moon's beams playing on its waves. There may be rays of light visible at night on the back of a glow-worm or rays of light may break through the shutters of a closed room. Rays of light may dart into the mind of the most ignorant savage who is taught the principles of Christianity by the pure practice of its professors. The sun in the hight of its splendour sends forth its beams.

The morning rays entered through rows of small casements at the higher part of the room, and through the door which opened on the garden, that answered to the inhabitants of the southern cities the same purpose that a green house or conservatory does to us. (Bulwer's Pomp.)

To step beyond the limits of earth, and to diffuse over these features a ray of divinity, was his (L. da Vinci) bold, but fruitless attempt. (Roscoe's Leo X.) Merrily the sunbeams played to and fro on the tesselated floor and the brilliant walls far more happily came the rays of joy to the heart of the young Glaucus. (Bulwer's Pompeii.)

The stars emit a shivered ray.

Thee I revisit safe,

And feel thy sov'reign vital lamp; but thou
Revisit'st not these eyes, that roll in vain
To find thy piercing ray, and find no dawn.

(Thomson.)

(Par. Lost.)

Hail, holy light, offspring of heav'n first-born!
Or of th' Eternal coeternal beam!
May I express thee unblam'd? since God is light,
And never but in unapproached light
Dwelt from eternity; dwelt then in thee,
Bright effluence of bright essence increate.

(Par. Lost.)

Parent of light, all-seeing sun,
Prolific beam, whose rays dispense
The various gifts of Providence,
Accept our praise, our daily pray'r,
Smile on our fields, and bless the year.

(Gay's Fables.)

Sense is the di'mond, weighty, solid, sound;
When cut by wit, it casts a brighter beam;
Yet wit apart, it is a di'mond still.

Thus in the soul while memory prevails,
The solid power of understanding fails;
Where beams of warm imagination play,
The memory's soft figures melt away.

(Young's N. Th.)

(Pope's Essays.)

1. To REACH, 2. STRETCH, 2. STRETCH, 3. EXTEND. 1. Sich erstrecken, reichen, erreichen; 2. sich erstrecken, strecken; 3. fich erstrecken, ausdehnen.

Alle diese Ausdrücke bezeichnen den Begriff des Ausdehnens in einer Linie, weichen jedoch in der Art und den Umständen der Handlung ab. To reach und stretch bedeutet Ausdehnung in geraden Linien, der Långe nach; extend nach allen Richtungen. A wall is said to reach a certain number of yards; a neck of land is said to stretch into the sea; a wood extends many miles over a country. Als Handlungen von Personen, im eigentlichen Sinne, ist ihr Unterschied noch größer: reach und stretch bedeuten dann, nach einem gegebenen Punkt, zu einem bestimmten Zwecke reichen, während extend keinen solchen Nebenbegriff bezeichnet; wir reichen, reach, um etwas zu ergreifen; wir strecken, stretch, um uns über etwas zu erheben: a person reaches with his arm in order to get down a book; he stretches his neck in order to see over another person: in beiden Fällen könnte extend gebraucht werden, wenn die Nebenumstånde nicht ausgedrückt werden sollten. Ein gleicher Unterschied findet in uneigentlicher Anwendung dieser Zeitwörter Statt; to reach, bei Bewegungen zu gewissen Zwecken, welches dann mit arriving at oder attaining gleichbedeutend ist; a traveller strives to reach his journey's end; to stretch, bei der Richtung, die man einem Gegenstande giebt: a ruler stretches his power or anthority to its utmost limits; to extend be hålt seine ursprüngliche, unbeschränkte Bedeutung; to extend the meaning or application of a word; to extend one's bounty or charity; to extend one's sphere of action.

The whole power of cunning is privative; to say nothing, and to do nothing is the utmost of its reach.

We reach the slippery shore at length,
A haven I but little prized,

For all behind was dark and drear,
And all before was night and fear.

Plains immense

Lie stretch'd below interminable meads.

On, on and the spires of Unkel rose above and on the opposite shore stretched those wondrous extend to the middle of the river, and when the may see them like an engulfed city beneath the

(Johnson.)

(Byron's Mazeppa.)

(Thomson.)

a curve in the banks, basaltic columns which Rhine runs low, you waves. (Bulwer's Pilgr.)

It may be supposed that this safety did not extend much farther; for it is said that the Empress Pulcheria had built a church to the Virgin Mary, as remote as possible from the gate of the city, to save her devotions from the risk of being interrupted by the hostile yell of the barbarians. (W. Scott's R. of Paris.)

As I grew into boyhood, I extended the range of my observations.
(W. Irwing's Sk. B.)

Our life is short, but to extend that span
To vast eternity is virtue's work.

(Shakspeare.)

1. READY, 2. APT, 3. PROMPT. 1. Bereit, schnell; 2. geneigt, fertig, schnell; 3. bereit, fertig, schnell.

Ready bezeichnet Neigung oder Bereitwilligkeit, und wird im Allgemei= nen auf das absichtlich zu einem Zwecke Vorbereitete bezogen; promptness und aptness find Arten von readiness, welche in den persönlichen Eigenschaften oder Gesinnungen liegen: things are ready for a journey; persons are apt to learn; they are prompt to obey or to reply. Wenn ready auf Personen bezogen wird, bezeichnet es ihr Talent: a ready wit; apt, ihre Gewohnheit: apt to judge by appearance; apt to decide hastily; prompt bezeichnet am gewöhnlichsten eine besondere Handlung, und die Bereitwilligkeit und Schnelligkeit der wirkenden Person: prompt in executing a command; prompt to listen to what is said.

The god himself, with ready trident stands

And opes the deep, and spreads the moving sands.

(Dryden.)

Minds like Harley's are not very apt to make this distinction, and generally give our virtue credit for all that benevolence which is instinctive in our nature. (Man of feeling.) Poverty is apt to betray a man into envy, riches into arrogance. (Addison.)

And, indeed, I have observed that a married man falling into misfortune is more apt to retrieve his situation in the world than a single (Irving's Sk. B.)

one.

Certainly we cannot find little children quite so prompt or so poetical as Master Sebran every day; but even where there is no wit, there is frequently at this tender age a pretension to it, a desire to astonish, and to produce effect, which we do not see among our own maternal progenies. (H. Bulwer's France.)

Let not the fervent tongue,

Prompt to deceive, with adulation, smooth,
Gain on your purpos'd will.

(Thomson.)

1. To RECKON, 2. COUNT or ACCOUNT, 3. NUMBER.

1. Rechnen; 2. rechnen; 3. zählen, rechnen.

Diese Zeitworter weichen weniger in ihrer Bedeutung, als in ihrer Anwendung ab: reckon, aufzählen und umständlich niederschreiben, ist am ge= bräuchlichsten; account, die verschiedenen Artikel verschiedener Rechnungen zusammenzählen, um die Quantität zu bestimmen, und number, in eine Zahl begreifen, werden nur im ernsten Style gebraucht: we reckon it a hap

piness to enjoy the company of a particular friend; we ought to account it a privilege to be enabled to address our Maker by prayer; we must all expect to be one day numbered with the dead.

Reckoning themselves absolved by Mary's attachment to Bothwell, from the engagements which they had come under when she yielded herself a prisoner, they carried her, next evening, under a strong guard, to the castle of Lochlevin. (Robertson.)

I can never have too many of your letters. I have had but three, and I reckon that short one from D, which was rather a dying ejaculation than a letter. (Pope's Lett.) Among these we may reckon some of his marvellous fictions, upon which so much criticism has been spent, as surpassing all the bounds of probability. (Pope's Homer.) There is no bishop of the Church of England but accounts it his interest, as well as his duty, to comply with the precept of the Apostle Paul to Titus. (South.)

In his (Ch. Lamb) earlier days he became acquainted with Southey and Wordsworth, which induced some critic, more ingenious than discerning, to number him as a follower of what is erroneously called the Lake School. (Cunningham's Brit. Lett.) Happy are the shes that can number amongst their ancestors, counts of the empire; they have neither occasion for beauty, money, or good conduct, to get them husbands. (Montague's Lett.)

1. To RECLINE, 2. REPOSE.

1. Lehnen, ruhen; 2. ruhen.

Das erste Zeitwort bedeutet eine lehnende, also eine besondere Stellung haben, und sezt nicht immer einen ruhenden Zustand voraus; das zweite, diejenige Stellung annehmen, welche uns am behaglichsten ist.

This over, the convivialists reclined themselves on the couches, and the business of the hour commenced.

(Bulwer's Pompeii.)
(Falconer.)

For consolation on his friend reclin'd. In this situation, I looked round for a place where he might most conveniently repose: contrary to the usual aspect of Mahometan burialgrounds, the cypresses were in this few in number, and these thinly scattered over its extent: the tombstones were mostly fallen, and worn with age: upon one of the most considerable of these, and beneath one of the most spreading trees, Darvell supported himself, in a half- reclining posture, with great difficulty. (Byron's Fragm.)

I first awak'd, and found myself repos'd
Under a shade, on flowers.

(Milton's P. L.)

(W. Seott's Rokeby.)

Now, 'gainst the vault's rule walls reclined,
An early image fills his mind.

1. RECORD, 2. REGISTER, 3. ARCHIVE, 1. Urkunde, Document, Protokoll; 2. Register, Protokoll, Urkunde ; 3. Urkundensammlung, gewölbe, Urkunden.

Record bedeutet das schriftlich Verhandelte, und besteht entweder in ge= schichtlichen Erzählungen, oder kurzen Únmerkungen; register, entweder das Eingetragene, oder der Ort, wo es eingetragen; kurze Notizen von besondern