Court because of their solicitations on his behalf in the Royal Apartments.

280. Sir Will. Sir William Yonge, a prominent Whig and one of the prosecutors of Pope's friend, Bishop Atterbury; frequently attacked by Pope.

280. Bubo. "Bubb Doddington, afterwards Lord Melcombe, the author of a well known Diary and the confidential adviser of Frederick Prince of Wales. He is a character typical in many respects of his age; utterly unconscientious and cheerfully blind to his unconscientiousness; and a liberal rather than discriminating patron of literary men. He died in 1762." -Ward.

299. "Meaning the man who would have persuaded the Duke of Chandos that Mr. Pope meant him in those circumstances ridiculed in the Epistle on Taste. See Mr. Pope's Letter to the Earl of Burlington concerning this matter."-Warburton. -See Moral Essays, Epistle i, line 54, and note.

305. Sporus. John Lord Hervey, second son of the first Earl of Bristol. He had once been an intimate of the same circle as Pope and his friends, but had gone over to Walpole. The enmity of the two men was bitter, and in his satires Hervey did not spare Pope's personal deformity, though he was himself sickly. "To prevent the attacks of an epilepsy, he persisted in a strict regimen of daily food, which was a small quantity of ass's milk, and a flour biscuit, with an apple once a week; and he used a little paint to soften his ghastly appearance. Though the portrait of Sporus is described by Johnson as the meanest part of this Epistle, it is difficult to suppose that such would have been his deliberate judgment if he had not been prejudiced in favour of Lord Hervey. The morals of the latter, as displayed by himself in his Memoirs of the Reign of George II., show that Pope's satire is as just as it is ardent and poetical."-Elwin and Courthope. 350. the lye so oft o'erthrown. "As that he received subscriptions for Shakespear, that he set his name to Mr. Broome's verses, &c. which, tho' publicly disproved, were nevertheless shamelessly repeated in the Libels, and even in that called the Nobleman's Epistle.”—Pope.

351. trash. “Such as profane Psalms, Court Poems, and other scandalous things printed in his Name by Curll and others."-Pope.

354. "Namely on the Duke of Buckingham, the Earl of

Burlington, Lord Bathurst, Lord Bolingbroke, Bishop Atterbury, Dr. Swift, Dr. Arbuthnot, Mr. Gay, his Friends, his Parents, and his very nurse, aspersed in printed papers, by James Moore, G. Ducket, L. Welsted, Tho. Bentley, and other obscure persons."-Pope.

374. ten years. "It was so long after many libels before the Author of the Dunciad published that poem, till when, he never writ a word in answer to the many scurrilities and falsehoods concerning him."-Pope.

375. Welsted's lie. "This man had the impudence to tell in print, that Mr. P. had occasioned a Lady's death, and to name a person he never heard of. He also publish'd that he libell'd the Duke of Chandos; with whom (it was added) that he had lived in familiarity, and received from him a present of Five hundred pounds: the falsehood of both which is known to his Grace. Mr. P. never received any present, farther than the subscription for Homer, from him, or from Any great Man whatsoever."—Pope.

379. "Budgel, in a weekly pamphlet called the Bee, bestowed much abuse on him, in the imagination that he writ some things about the Last Will of Dr. Tindal, in the Grub-street Journal; a Paper wherein he never had the least hand, direction, or supervisal nor the least knowledge of its Author."Pope.

379. Budgell was accused of forging a will made in his favor by the notorious Deist, Tindal. According to Bowles, this accusation "was generally credited, and Budgell, in 1737, threw himself out of a boat, and was drowned."

381. Pope, in a note to this line, defends his parents against accusations that they were not of "gentle" birth.

SATIRES AND EPISTLES OF HORACE IMITATED

"Whoever expects a Paraphrase of Horace, or a faithful Copy of his genius, or manner of writing, in these Imitations, will be much disappointed. Our Author uses the Roman Poet for little more than his canvas: And if the old design or colouring chance to suit his purpose, it is well: if not, he employs his own, without scruple or ceremony. Hence it is, he is so frequently serious where Horace is in jest; and at ease where Horace is disturbed. . . . He deem'd it more modest to give the name of Imitations to his Satires, than, like

Despréaux, to give the name of Satires to Imitations.”Warburton.

FIRST SATIRE, SECOND BOOK

William Fortescue, one of Pope's intimate friends and correspondents, was a distinguished member of the Bar. He was made a judge of the Exchequer in 1735, of the Common Pleas in 1738, and Master of the Rolls in 1741. He died in 1749.

6. Lord Fanny. Lord Hervey.

23. Sir Richard. Sir Richard Blackmore, physician to William III., had acquired considerable reputation in certain circles by his edifying, but tedious, epic poems.

27. Eustace Budgell. See Epistle to Arbuthnot, line 378. 30. Caroline was Queen of George II. and Amelia his second daughter.

34. Colley Cibber had been made Poet Laureate in 1730. 40. Peter Walter. Moral Essays, Ep. iii, 123 and note. 42. For Timon and Balaam see Moral Essays, Epistles iii and i.

44. Bond was an actual name, Harpax fictitious. See Moral Essays, iii, lines 91 and 100.

46. Scarsdale, Darty. Lord Scarsdale and Charles Dartineuf were noted epicures. Ham-pie was a marvellous delicacy, as may be seen from the recipe given by Elwin and Courthope in a note to this line.

49. Alludes to Henry Fox, first Lord Holland, and his brother Stephen Fox. Hockley-in-the-Hole was a bear garden, described in the Spectator, No. 436.

52. William Shippen, a loyal and honest Jacobite, was sent to the Tower in 1718 for uttering in the House of Commons, and refusing to retract, a sharp criticism of George I.

75. Cardinal Fleury, prime minister of France from 1726 to his death in 1743, maintained a pacific policy in foreign affairs. 81. A rumor was circulating at this time that a Miss McKenzie had been poisoned by Lady Deloraine.

82. Sir Francis Page, a judge of the Common Pleas, is referred to again by Pope in Epilogue to the Satires, ii, 159. 100. Nathaniel Lee, author of the tragedy Rival Queens, was insane for some time after 1684. He died in 1692.

129. He, whose lightning, etc. "Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborow, who in the year 1705 took Barcelona, and in

the winter following with only 280 horse and 900 foot enterprized and accomplished the Conquest of Valentia.”—Pope. 153. Sir Robert Walpole.

SECOND SATIRE, SECOND BOOK

Hugh Bethel, called "blameless Bethel" in the Essay on Man, iv, 126, was one of Pope's earliest friends. In a letter to Allen, Pope says: "I have known and esteemed him (Bethel) for every moral virtue these twenty years and more. He has all the charity without any of the weakness of―; and, I firmly believe, never said a thing he did not think, nor think a thing he did not tell.”

25. Oldfield. "This eminent glutton ran through a fortune of fifteen hundred pounds a year in the simple luxury of good eating.”—Warburton.

26. barbecu'd. "A West Indian term of gluttony, a hog roasted whole, stuffed with spice, and basted with Madeira wine."-Pope.

42. Bedford-head. A famous eating-house in Southampton Street, Covent Garden.

49. Avidien, or his wife. Edward Wortley Montagu and his famous wife, Lady Mary. Pope elsewhere satirised them for avarice, under the name "Shylock and his wife." See Moral Essays, iii. 94, 115, and First Imitation of Horace, line 103.

122. The Duchess of Marlborough, with her enormous wealth, lent great sums to the British government, and was angry with Walpole if he dared borrow elsewhere at lower interest than she required.

135. "Pope's father originally purchased twenty acres of land in the outskirts of Windsor Forest, which he sold in 1716. The sum which he left to his son was something under four thousand pounds. The 'five acres of rented land' are the Twickenham estate."-Ward.

160. From Homer's Odyssey, Book xv, line 84, translated by Pope thus:

"Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest."

176, 178. The "booby lord" who then owned Bacon's former estate was Viscount Grimston, and the "city Knight" who purchased Helmsley was Sir Charles Duncombe, Lord Mayor of London in 1709.

THE FIRST EPISTLE OF THE FIRST BOOK OF
HORACE

Pope wrote this epistle in his forty ninth year, the "Sabbath of his days." His friend, Lord Bolingbroke, had retired to France in 1733. The best part of this Imitation, say Elwin and Courthope, "and probably the chief motive of the poet himself, is the passage reflecting on the monied interest which Pope cordially hated.”

16. Blackmore. "The fame of this heavy Poet, however problematical elsewhere, was universally received in the City of London. His versification is here exactly described: stiff, and not strong; stately and yet dull, like the sober and slowpaced Animal generally employed to mount the Lord Mayor: and therefore here, humorously opposed to Pegasus."-Pope. See First Satire, Second Book, line 23.

52. Mead and Cheselden were eminent physicians, for whose advice Pope felt profound respect.

82. From low St. James's up to high St. Paul. "These lines are pregnant with the equivocation in which Pope delighted. In the first place they have an obvious local meaning, including all 'London's voice' between the East and West Ends, the voice of the Court and the City. They have an equally obvious application to the two parties in the Church. St. James's, the great stepping-stone to preferment in the Church, had had a succession of 'Low' Rectors, Tenison, Wake, Clarke, and Secker; while St. Paul's was the great stronghold of the High Church party, the Dean at this time being Francis Hare, the chief opponent of Hoadley in the Bangorian controversy, and the staunch champion of Church Authority. There is, I think, a third meaning in the word 'low.' Pope thought that 'low St. James's' would be applied by many to St. James's Court, in which case they would find a pointed allusion to the love of money which was a notorious feature in the characters of both the King and the Queen. 'Low St. James's' would then be equivalent to 'the mean Court.”—Elwin and Courthope.

85. Barnard. Sir John Barnard, son of Quaker parents, was knighted in 1732 and became Lord Mayor of London in 1737. Chatham called him "the great commoner."

112. Augustus Schutz, one of the Germans in the retinue of the Hanoverians.