broad-caft way. But as the ears are likewife larger, and filled with better grain, it follows, that, the crop is, in fact, more plentiful.-In the common way of fowing, the earth appears at firft fight well covered with plants. But as all these plants cannot find fufficient nourishment, and it is impoffible to affift them by culture, many of them perish before they ripen, the greatest part of them remain poor and ftinted, and the feed is almost entirely loft: whereas, by the new method, all the plants find fufficient nourishment, and being affifted from time to time, by proper culture, become ftrong and vigorous; infomuch, that I have feen land cultivated in the common way, not yield the fifth part of the produce of lands fown and cultivated according

to the new method.

Befides, when land is fowed according to our method, it is lefs exhaufted than in the common way; or rather, it will be in a condition to fupply feveral crops of wheat, which will become better every year, becaufe the corn is fown in beds made in the middle of the former alleys, where the earth has been thoroughly and deeply plowed.'

Chap. 12. is upon the fubject of Change of Species, in Plants.

Chap. 13. treats of the common Culture of Wheat, according to the old method.. Chap. 14. gives us rules for the Culture of Wheat according to the new Hufbandry: but as they are too fong to be inferted entire, and might fuffer by an abridgment; we shall refer the reader to the book itself, for fatisfaction in this particular.

.

Chap. 15. treats of the Advantages of the new Hufbandry: which are fummed up thus, at p. 76. Little, or no dung is employed: the earth is not refted: it is not taken up with grain of lefs value, nor is the expence increased; for the culture which is beftowed upon the corn whilst growing, prepares the ground for the enfuing crop, and only two thirds of the ground is plowed. The horse-hoings anfwer the end of the four plowings, given [in the common way] during the year of fallow: they are even more beneficial: for it has been obferved, that the third crop of a field fown with wheat five years running, was a twentieth part greater than either of the preceding crops, and that the fifth was the best of all. The farmer must not therefore repine at the feeming lofs of the alleys, feeing that his ⚫ lands are conftantly employed, and that the wheat branches out into fo many ftalks, that, if fpread equally over the whole field, as in the common hufbandry, they would nearly <cover all the alleys.'

Chap.

4

Chap. 16. Of the Distempers of Corn. Mr. Duhamel is much more diftinct in his account of the distempers of corn, than any English writer has hitherto been: and, though they may all, in general, be reduced to mildew, blight, and mut, yet he has diftinguished them by feveral other names, and given us many curious remarks upon each of them.

Chap. 17. Of Steeps.- Various methods of fteeping grain, intended to be fown, in different kinds of preparations, as prefervatives against diftempers, as well as to render the feed more fruitful; were brought very early into ufe. But as to the efficacy of many pretended fecrets for the above purposes, our author greatly doubts it: and judiciously concludes with obferving that the fureft means of obtaining good crops, is, to have the ground in good condition.'

Chap. 18. Of Weeds. To prevent the increase of weeds, we are here advised to destroy them before their feed is ripe. But to do this (it is alleged) is not poffible in lands plowed the common way; because they grow with the corn, and most of them ripening fooner than the wheat, their feeds fow them felves, and the weeds confequently multiply. But, the fureft way to deftroy them, is, to continue plowing whilst the corn grows, which can be done only in the new husbandry.

Weeds may be distinguished into four kinds:

1. Such as have creeping perennial roots,

2. Such as grow in cold wet foils.

3. Such as are of a large fucculent body.

4. Such as having fmall feeds, or that ripening before the corn, fow themfelves. Each of thefe require different methods, to deftroy them.

The first kind can only be deftroyed by repeated fummer fallows, by which their roots are cut, and turned up to be withered by the fun and wind; after which they are dragged out by harrows, and fhould be burnt. This repeated as often as conveniently may be, can fcarcely fail to complete the cure. Colts-foot (a moft pernicious weed), which is propagated by the root, may likewife be deftroyed by fowing the ground with rye-grafs, or any plant which, coming up early in the fpring, fhadows and fmothers it, whereby it dies in a few years.

The fecond are destroyed by draining the earth of its fuperfluous moisture, and by warming it with lime, afhes, gravel, fhelly fea-fand, &c.

The

The third are deftroyed by cutting them down when in full fap and vigour: for the fudden interruption which this gives to the motion of the fap, caufes it to ftagnate in the roots, and putrify there.

The fourth can be deftroyed only by frequent fallows, and conftantly cutting, or rather plowing them down before they run to feed.

I'

[To be concluded in our next.]

P

The Life of EDWARD Earl of CLARENDON concluded.

N our last month's Review, we attended Mr. Hyde to the time of his being elected member for Wotton Baffet, on which occafion he quitted his practice in the law, and folely confined his attention to the business of the house. When we confider his intimate connection, and close correfpondence with archbishop Laud at this time, and that he refigned a very extenfive and beneficial practife in his profeffion, to attend on parliament, we cannot hesitate to conclude, that from this moment he formed the ambitious defign of raifing himself at court, of which his hopes were neither diftant or precarious.

Conformably to this plan of extending his influence, and aggrandizing his fortune, he invariably regulated his future conduct. Upon all occafions, he teftified an attachment to the pleasure of his patron, and the will of his prince*. Thefe

44

confider.

Bishop Burnet, indeed, tells us, that Mr. Hyde's ambition, at his first fetting out, difpofed him to favour the meafures of the court, but that he was induced to alter his conduct, by the following incident. "When he first began," fays the reverend Historian, to grow "eminent in the law, he visited his father in Wiltshire, who one day, as they were walking in the fields together, obferved to him, that men of his profeflion were apt to stretch the prerogative too far, "and injure liberty; but charged him, if ever he came to any eminence in his profeffion, never to facrifice the laws and liberty of his country to his own intereft, or the will of his Prince." He repeated this twice, the Historian adds, and immediately fell into a fit of apoplexy, of which he died in a few hours; and this advice had fo lafting an influence on the son, that be ever after obferved and purSued it.

We should have been glad if this learned bifhop, and grave hifto. rian, had been pleased to specify fome inftances in which the fon obferved and purfued this advice of his father. For our own parts, from the most impartial review of the history of those times, even as recorded by himself,we find his conduct to have been diametrically op

pofite

confiderations, probably, inflamed his zeal for the rights of the church, which he efpoufed with fuch warmth and eager nefs on a particular occafion, that the King, who had been made acquainted with his fervices, fent for him, and returned him thanks in the most obliging terms, of grateful condefcenfion +.

Mr. Hyde, nevertheless, lived in great familiarity and intimacy with the leaders of the oppofite party; among whom he had made himfelf extremely popular, by expreffing unusual regard for the ancient laws of the kingdom, and by his endeavours to free the fubject from the oppreffions of the Marfhal's court, which through his means were abolished. But on this occafion it may not be invidious to remark, that in these seeming demonftrations of patriotifin, Mr. Hyde did not bring in question any darling point of prerogative, or oppose any favourite meafures of the court: on the contrary, he rather rendered himself acceptable to his majefty and the arch¬ bifhop, as the Earl Marshal at that time was not thought to be well inclined towards the latter, and was moreover fuppofed to be a friend to the oppofition,

It was not long before an incident fell out which rivetted Mr. Hyde in his Majefty's favour, and gave Charles the highest opinion of his abilities. When the difputes between the King and Parliament came to a crifis, the latter presented a very warm and fpirited remonftrance, which Mr. Hyde took pofite to his father's counsel. But, indeed, the truth of this anec dote is greatly to be fufpected: according to the bishop's account, the difcourfe paffed between the father and fon while they were walking in the fields; and the former, having given his advice, immediately dropped down in an apoplexy, of which he died. Thefe circumfances, however, are contradicted by the noble writer's own relation of his father's death; fo that there appears to be as little foundation for the fact as related by the bishop, as there is for his hasty inference from it.

+ His Majesty told him: that "He heard from all hands how "much he was beholden to him; and that when all his fervants in "the House of Commons either neglected his fervice, or could not " usefully appear in it, he took all occafions to do him fervice; for "which he thought fit to give him his own thanks, and to affure "him that he would remember it to his advantage." His Majefty took particular notice of his affection to the Church, for which, he faid, "He thanked him more than for all the rest.”

He was fo intimate with them, that he, with Mr. Pym, Mr. Hampden, Sir Arthur Haflerig, and two or three more, kept a able upon a common stock.

occafion

occafion to anfwer. This anfwer, he tells us, was written only for his own fatisfaction, and to difcharge his indignation; but having fhewn it to his friend, Lord Digby, he fo highly approved of the contents, that he made his Majefty acquainted with this performance of Mr. Hyde's.

The King, who was endeavouring to procure an answer to this remonftrance, defired to fee Mr. Hyde's performance: and found it fo extremely fuitable, and fo expreffive of his mind, that he ordered it to be printed. The noble writer takes great pains to make us believe, that this incident was accidental, and that he drew up the anfwer without any intention of having it made public. He affects likewife, to have parted with it, for the King's infpection, with great reluctance, and with a profufion of apologies.

But notwithstanding these pretences, it is reafonable to conclude, that Mr. Hyde drew up the answer in question, with a view to have it taken notice of, and to fhew his zeal and indefatigable induftry in defending the cause he had efpoufed. It is not natural to suppose, that he framed a piece of fuch length, drawn with fo much care and labour, and penned with fuch accuracy and fubtlety, merely to unburthen his mind, for his own private fatisfaction. It is to be presumed, that he had fome farther defign in the labour he undertook, and his fubmitting the work to the perufal of Lord Digby, with whom, he tells us himself, the King advised without referve, and from whofe report he might be sure the King would be apprized of it, feems fufficiently to manifest the nature of his intentions.

From this time, however, his Majefty conceived fuch high efteem of Mr. Hyde's merit in compofition, that he ever after made ufe of his pen on all difficult occafions. All the anfwers to the remonftrances of Parliament, were afterwards drawn by Mr. Hyde; and his Majefty, to fcreen him from an impeachment, condefcended to tranfcribe them fair with his own hand, before they were made public, and the subject of them debated at the council-board.

He was in fuch high eftimation with his Majefty, that he offered him the poft of Sollicitor General, which he modeftly declined, affecting to think himfelf unequal to the discharge of it. Probably, however, the true reafon of his refufal was, that he was defirous of advancement as a Courtier, and the office of Sollicitor General would not have been attended with that power and influence which he was ambitious of at taining at court.

Mr.