BOAT-HOOK, an iron hook, with a fharp point on the hinder part of it, fixed on a long pole, afed in bringing it to, or pushing it from any other boat, fhip, &c.

BOATING, a horrid kind of punishment in te among the ancient Perfians for capital offenders. The manner of boating was this: The perfon condemned to it being laid on his back in a boat, and having his hands ftretched out, and tied faft on each fide of it, had another boat put over him, his head being left out through a place fit for it. In this pofture they fed him, till the worms, which were bred in the excrements he voided as he thus lay, eat out his bowels, and fo caufed his death, which was ufually twenty days in efferg, the criminal lying all this while in most equifite torment.

BOAT INSECT. See NOTONECTA.

* BOATION. n. f. [from boare, Lat.] Roar; reife; loud found.-In Meflina infurrection, the gins were heard from thence as far as Augufta and Syracufe, about 100 Italian miles, in loud butions. Denham's Phyfico Theology.

BOATMAN. BOATSMAN. n. f. [from boat and man. He that manages a boat.

Beatfmen through the crystal water fhow, To wond'ring paffengers, the walls below. Dryden. That booby Phaon only was unkind, An il-bred boatman, rough as waves and wind.

Prior.

Partament.

BOATSWAIN, OTHER DUTIES OF THE. It duty of the boatswain particularly to diwhat relates to the rigging of a fhip, after equipped from a royal dock yard. Thus eto obferve, that the mafts are properly fupated by their shrouds, ftays, and back-stays, fo that each of thofe ropes may fuftain a proportionfort when the maft is ftrained by the violence of the wind, or the agitation of the flip. He hallo to take care that the blocks and running regularly placed, fo as to anfwer the poles for which they are intended; and that teals are properly fitted to their yards and ftays, furled or reefed when occafion requires. It likewife his office to affift with his mates in the Stefary bufinefs of the fhip; and to relieve the Wich when it expires. He ought frequently to

tapes are

examine the condition of the mafts, fails and rigging; and remove whatever may be judged unfit for fervice, or fupply what is deficient; and he is ordered by his inftructions to perform his duty with as little noife as poffible.

BOATSWAIN'S MATE has the peculiar command of the long boat, for the fetting forth of anchors, weighing or fetching home an anchor warping, towing, or mooring; and is to give an account of his ftore.

(1.) BOAZ, the fon of Salmon by Rahab, the harlot of Jericho, the fecond hufband of Ruth, and great grandfather of David.

(2.) Boaz, the name given by Solomon to one of the principal pillars of the temple.

(1.) * BOB. n. f. [from the verb neuter.] 1. Something that hangs fo as to play clofely; generally an ornament at the ear; à pendant; an ear ring.

The gaudy goffip, when she's fet agog,

In jewels dreft, and at each end a bob. Dryden. 2. The words repeated at the end of a ftanza.-To bed, to bed, will be the bob of the fong. L'Eftra. 3. A blow.-I am sharply taunted, yea, fometimes with pinches, nips, and bobs. Afcham's Schoolmafter. 4. A mode of ringing.

(2.) BOB, the ball of a fhort pendulum.

*

(1.) To BOB. v. a. [of uncertain etymology: Skinner deduces it from bobo, foolish, Span.] I. To cut. Junius. Whence bobtail. 2. To beat; to drub; to bang.

thump'd.

Those bastard Britons, whom our fathers Have in their own land beaten, bobb'd, and Shakespeare. 3. To cheat; to gain by fraud.-I have bobbed his brain more than he has beaten my bones. Sk. Live Roderigo !

He calls me to a reftitution large,

Of gold and jewels, that I boll'd from him. As gifts to Defdemona. Shakespeare. -Here we have been worrying one another, who fhould have the booty, till this curfed fox has bobbed us both on't. L'Estrange.

*

(2.) To BOB. V. n. To play backward and forward; to play loofely against any thing.And fometimes lurk I in a goffip's bowl,

In very likenefs of a roafted crab;

And when the drinks, against her lips I bob, And on her wither'd dewlap pour the ale. Midfum. N. Dr. They comb, and then they order ev'ry hair; A birthday jewel bobbing at their ear. Dryden. You may tell her,

I'm rich in jewels, rings, and bobbing pearls, Pluck'd from Moors ears. Dryden. BOBAR, a river in Silefia.

BOBARTIA, in botany, a genus of the digynia order, belonging to the triandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 4th order, Gramina. The calyx is imbricated; and the corolla is a bivalve glume, above the receptacles of the fruit. Of this genus there is only one fpecies known, which is a native of the Indies, and hath no remarkable property.

(1.) * BOBBIN. n. J. [bobine, Fr. from bombyx, Lat.] A fmall pin of wood, with a notch, to wind the thread about when women weave lace.-The

things you follow, and make fongs on now, fhould be fent to knit, or fit down to bobbins, or bonelace. Tatler.

(2.) BOBBINS are turned in the form of a cylinder, with a little border jutting out at e ch end, bored through to receive a small iron pivot. They ferve to fpin with the fpinning wheel, or to wind worfted, hair, cotton, filk, gold, and filver.

(1.) BOBBING, among fithermen, a particular manner of catching eels, which is thus performed: They fcour well fome large lobs, and with a needle run a twifted filk thread through them from end to end, taking fo many as that they may wrap them about a board a dozen times at leaft; then they tie them faft with the two ends of the filk, that they may hang in fo many hanks; which done, they faften to a strong cord, and, about an handful and an half above the worms, fix a plummet of a lb. weight, and make the cord faft to a ftrong pole. With this apparatus fishing in muddy water, they feel the eels tug luftily at the bait; when they think they have fwallowed it fufficiently, they gently draw up the rope to the top, and bring them afhore.

(2.) BOBBING, in geography, a village in Kent, near Sittingbourn.

* BOBBINWORK. n. f. [from bobbin and work.] Work woven with bobbins.-Not netted nor woven with warp and woof, but after the manner of bobbinwork. Grew's Mufzum.

BOBBIO. See BOBIO, No. 1. and 2.

* BOBCHERRY. n. f. [from bob and cherry.] A play among children, in which the cherry is hung fo as to bob against the mouth.-Bobcherry teaches us at once two noble virtues, patience and conftancy; the first, in adhering to the purfuit of one end; the latter, in bearing a disappointment. Arbath. and Pope.

BOBENHAUSEN, a town of Germany, in Weteravia, 3 m. from Francfort on the Maine. BOBINGTON, a town in Staffordshire, near Shropshire.

BOBINGWORTH, a village in Effex, N. E. of Epping foreft.

(1.) BOBIO, a territory of Italy in the Milanefe.

(2.) BOBIO, the capital of the above territory, (No. 1. feated on the Trebbia, 28 m. S. of Pavia. It is the fee of a bishop. Lon. 10. 15. E. Lat. 44. 35. N.

(3.) BOBIO, the largest river of Chili, in S. America.

BOBISATIO, or BOCEDISATIO, in mufic, denotes the ufing of the 7 fyllables bo, ce, di, ga, lo, ma, ni, to exprefs the 7 mufical notes, in lieu of the fix introduced by Aretine, ut, re, me, fa, fol, la, as has been fometimes done by the Netherland and German muficians fince the beginning of the 17th century, to avoid the mutation neceffary in the ufe of the latter.

BOB STAY, in fca language, a rope ufed to confine the bowfprit of a fhip downward to the

Or bobtail tike, or trundle tail,

Tom will make him weep and wail. Shakelp. * BOBTAILED. adj. [from bobtail.] Having a tail cut, or fhort.-There was a bobtailed cur carried in a gazette, and one that found him, brought him home to his mafter. L'Estrange.

BOBWIG. n. f. [from bob and evig.] A fhort wig. A young fellow riding towards us full gallop, with a bobwig, and a black filken bag tied to it, ftopt fhort at the coach to ask us how far the judges were behind. Spectator.

BOCA, in ichthyology, the name given by Paulus Jovius to the BOCE of Ariftotle, called the boops, from the largenets of its eyes. It is a fpecies of the SPARUS, and is diftinguished by having 4 parallel longitudinal gold and filver coloured lines on each. Gaza and tome others call it voca; and the Italians BAGO.

BOCA-CHICA, 1. the ftrait or entrance into the harbour of Carthagena in S. America. It is defended by feveral forts belonging to the Spaniards, all of which were taken by the British in 1741; who were nevertheless obliged to raile the liege of Carthagena foon after: 2. A river of S. America. BOCA-DEL-DRAGO, a fait fo called, between the island of Trinidad and Andalufia, in the province of Terra Firma in S. America.

BOCAL. See BOCCALE.

BOCAMOLLE, in ichthyology, a name given by fome to a very large and long Brafilian fith, more ufually called by its Brafilian name, PIRAJURUMENBECA.

BOCANUM, in ancient geography, a town of Mauritania Tingitana, to the S. of mount Atlas; fuppofed to be MOROCCO. Lon. 9. o. W. Lat. 31. 0. N.

BOCARDO, in logic, the fifth mode of the firtt figure of fyllogifms, wherein the firft propofition is particular and negative; the fecond, univerfal and affirmative; and the third, or conclufion, particular and negative. Thus:

BOC Some animal is not man.

AR

DO

Every animal has a principle of fenfation. Therefore fomething has a principle of fenfation that is not man.

* BOCASINE. n.f. A fort of linen cloth; a fine buckrum. Di&.

BOCAT, a fine valley of Syria, in which are fituated the ruins of Balbec.

(1.) BOCCA, in glafs-making, the round hole in the working furnace, by which the metal is taken out of the great pots, and by which the pots are put into the furnace. This is to be ftop ped by a cover made of earth and brick, and re moveable at pleafure, to prefeive the eyes of the workman from the violence of the heat.

(2.) Bocca, in ichthyology, a name by which fome authors call the URANOSCOPUS, or Star gazer. It is a fpecies of the TRACHINUS, diftin guifhed by having great number of beards on the lower jaw.

BOCCACE, John, one of the most polite and learned writers of his age, was born in Tuscany in 1313. His father firft placed him with a mer chant; but as he gave figns of genius, he was put afterward to study the canon law. Still, how

ever

holding his court at Parnaffus, heard the complaints of the whole world, and did juftice according to the cafes. He at length printed his Pietra di Parangone; wherein he attacked the court of Spain, fetting forth their defigns against the liberties of Italy, and inveighing againft them for the tyranny they exercifed in Naples. The Spaniards complained of him in form, and refolved to be revenged. Boccalini retired to Venice, but was there alfaffinated in a very ftrange manner. He lodged with a friend, who having got up early one morning, left Boccalini in bed: a minute after, fome armed men entered his chamber, and gave him fo many blows with bags full of fand, that they left him for dead; fo that his friend returning fome time after, found him fpeechless. Great fearch was made at Venice for the murderers, but, though they were never difcovered, it was univerfully believed that they were employed by the court of Spain.

ever, he thought of nothing but poetry; though he did not fo entirely devote himfelf to that art, as to forget other ftudies. In the profecution of thefe, however, as he fought every where for the best waters, and had not an income fatficient for his expences, he stood in need of the bounty of others; and was particularly obliged to Petrarch, who furnished him with money as well as books, and Lited him in many other refpects. Boccace was 3 great admirer of the Greek; he got Homer tratated into Latin for his own ufe; and procured a profeffor's chair at Florence for Leontius Plus, to explain this peet. The republic of Fornce honoured Boccace with the freedom of the city; and employed him in public affairs, particularly to negociate the return of Petrarch: Lut this poet not only refufed to return to Florece, but perfuaded Boccace alfo to retire from tance, on account of the factions which prevailed is that republic. Having quitted Florence, he went to feveral places in Italy, and stopped at last at the court of Naples, where K. Robert gave a very kind reception. He conceived a violet affection for that king's natural daughter, which made him remain a considerable time at Naples. He alfo made a long ftay in Sicily, where was in high favour with Q. Joan. He returned to Florence when the troubles were a little appead: but not liking the course of life he muft have wed there, he retired to Cortaldo; and, far Sun the noife of business, spent his time in ftudy, Thably to his own humour. His great applicaSo brought on an indisposition, of which he died 6. He wrote feveral books, fome learned rious, others of gallantry and full of flories. Among the former were, 1. An Abridgement of Le Roman History, from Romulus, till A. U. C. 1341 printed at Cologne, 8vo, 1534: 2. The Hifty of Illustrious Women; Bern, fol. 1539: Gealogy of the Gods, with a treatife of

to Latin.

CA-CHICA. See BOCA-CHICA. $TA-DEL DRAGO. See BOCA-DEL-DRAGO. BCCALE, er BOCAL, a liquid measure ufed anfwering to what is called a bottle ags, being equivalent to about an English 3. Seven boccales and an half make a RUBBIA. BOCCALINI, Trajan, a celebrated fatirical , boru at Rome, who, in the beginning of ith century, obtained the admiration of all 7 by his refined and delicate criticisms. Sove A princes did not escape the lafh of his fatire. Isardinals Borghefe and Gætan having declaBandelves his protectors, he published his i di Parnafo, and La Secretaria di Apollo, is the continuation of the former. Thefe were received by the public with uncoman applause. He there feigns, that Apollo, VOLTIV. PART I

BOCCARELLA, in the glafs manufacture, a fmall hole or aperture of the furnace, one of which is placed on each tide the bocca, almoft horizontally with it. Out of them the ferviters take com loured or finer metal from the piling pɔt.

BOCCHUS, a king of Mauritania, who delivered Jugurtha in fetters to Sylla.

BOCCIARD, Clemente, called CLEMENTONE, hiftory and portrait painter, bora at Genoa in 1620, was the difciple of Bernardo Strozzi, and afterwards ftudied at Rome. By an excellent genius, and induftrious application, he united and blended the antique and modern gusto, in a style that exhibited both gracefulness and strength. Moft of his works, (except his portraits, which were lively, natural, and graceful,) are in the chapels of Genoa, Pila, and other cities of Italy; of which they are ftill accounted the greatest or

naments.

BOCCONA, a river of Naples, in Calabria. BOCCONI, Sylvio, a celebrated natural hiftorian, born at Palermo in Sicily. After he had gone through the ufual courfe of ftudies, he was ordained priest, and entered into the Ciftercian order, when he changed his name Paul into Sylvia. This did not divert him from his favourite study, natural hiftory, in purfuit of which he travelled through Malta, Italy, the Low Countries, England, France, Germany, Poland, &e, and, in 1696, was admitted a member of the academy of Virtuofi in Germany. Upon his return to Sicily, he retired to a convent near Palermo; where he died in 1704, aged 71. Heft many curious works, on botany and other fubje&ts.

BOCCONIA, GREATER TREE CELANDINE: A genus of the monogynia order, (fo named from S. Bocconi,) belonging to the dodecandria class of plants, and in the natural method ranking un der the 27th order, Rizales. The calyx is diphyllous; there is no corolla; the ftylus is bifid; the berry is dry, and monofpermous. Of this genus there is but one known fpecies, viz.

BOCCONIA IRUTESCENS, which is esteemed for the beauty of its large foliage. It is very common in Jamaica and other warm parts of America, where it grows to the height of 10 or 12 feet, having a straight trunk as large as a man's arm, and covered with a white fimooth bark. At the top it

over which the great road lies from Lombardy to Genoa; and on the very peak of the higheft mountain is a narrow pafs, which will hardly admit 3 men to go abreaft. This pafs is properly called the Bochetta; for the defence of which there are 3 forts. It is the key of Genoa; and was taken in April 1796, by the French.

BOCHIM, in ancient geography, a place where the Hebrews assembled after Joshua's death, fuppofed to have been near Shiloh. Judg. ii. 1—10.

BOCHIUS, or Bocqui, John, a Latin poet, born at Bruffels, in 1555. He travelled into Italy, Germany, Poland, and Mufcovy, and at his return became fecretary to the Duke of Parma. During his journey from Smoleniko to Mofcow and Livonia, his feet were so severely froft-bitten, that amputation was ordered; but the Czar, John Bafilides, coming with an army to ravage the country, Bochius fled as faft as he could, and

Dorchefter.

BOCHARIA. See BOKHARIA.

(1.) BOCHART, Matthew, a learned proteftant divine of the 17th century, was minifter of Alençon, and author of feveral works: viz. 1. A Treatife against Relics: 2. Another against the facrifice of the Mafs: printed at Geneva, in 1658. 3. A Dialogue on the difficulties, which the Miffionaries saifed against the Proteftants of France. This work led the Elector Palatine to attempt the reunion of the Lutherans and Calvinifts, at Augfburg. 4. Diallacticon, a work containing a plan for that purpofe; dedicated to the Elector and printed at Sedan; in 1662. His treatise against the mafs brought him into trouble. Some have confounded this author with his coufin Samuel, (N° 2.)

(2.) BOCHART, Samuel, one of the most learned men in the 17th century, was born at Roan in Normandy. He was a great proficient in the oriental languages; and was many years paftor of a proteftant church at Caen; where he was tutor to Wentworth Dillon, earl of Rofcommon. Here he diftinguished himself by his public difputations with father Veron, held in the caftle of Caen, in prefence of a great number of Catholics and Proteftants. Bochart came off with great honour, which was not a little increased in 1646, upon the publication of the two parts of his Geographia Saera, entitled Phaleg and Canaan: as well as by his Hierozoicon, printed in London in 1675. This treats de animolibus facræ fcripture. In 1652, the queen of Sweden invited him to Stockholm, where the gave him many proofs of her efteem. At his return to Caen, he refumed his miniftry, and was received into the academy of that city. Ilis learn ing was not his principal qualification; he had a modefty equal to it; and hence enjoyed his great reputation in tranquillity, fheltered from thote unhappy quarrels which fo many other learned men draw upon themfelves. He was efteemed by men of science of all denominations. He died fuddenly while he was fpeaking in the academy, on the 16th of May, 1667, aged 78. A complete edition of his works was published in Holland, in 2 vols. folio, 1712.

BOCHE, n. f. obf. an ulcer. Chauc. BOCHETTA, a place of Italy, famous in the of 1746 and 1747. It is a chain of mountains

the Ruffians, the exercife reftored the ufe of his limbs. He died in 1609. The critics in the Netherlands fet fo great a value on his poetry, that they gave him the name of the Belgic Virgil. He wrote, 1. De Belgä Principatu. 2. Parodia Heroicz Pfalmorum Davidicorum. 3. Obfervationes Phy fice, Ethice, Politica, et Hiflorica, in Pfalmos. 4. Vita Davidis. 5. Orationes. 6. Poemata. BOCHLE, a hill in Banffshire.

BOCHOUR, n. f. obf. A butcher. Chaut.
* BOCKELET. Įn. ƒ. A kind of long-winged
*BOCKERET. hawk. Di&.

(1.) BOCKHAM, MAGNA, Two villages in (2.) BOCKHAM, PARVA, Surry, near Leatherhead, 5 miles from Guildford.

BOCKHOLDT, John, a pretended prophet among the Anabaptifts, who, in the beginning of the 16th century, difgraced that party by his fanaticifin. He was a journeyman tailor of Leyden, one of Munzer's followers, and an affociate of Matthias, who alfo pretended to the gift of prophecy. Thefe two fanatics, in 1533, eftablished a numerous party at Munfter. Having made themfelves mafters of the city, they depofed the magiftrates, confifcated the eftates of fuch as had efcaped, and depofited the wealth they amaffed together in a public treafury for common ufe. They made preparations of every kind for the defence of the city; and fent out emiffaries to the Anabaptifts in the Low Countries, inviting them to affemble at Munfter, which was now dignified with the name of Mount Sion, that from hence they might be deputed to reduce all the nations of the earth under their dominion. Matthias, who was the first in command, was foon cut off in an act of phrenfy, by the bishop of Munfter's army; and was fucceeded by Bockholdt, who was proclaimed by a special defignation of Heaven, as he pretended, king of Sion, and invefted with legiflative powers like thofe of Mofes. The extravagances of Bockholdt were too numerous to be recited; it will be fufficient to add, that the city of Munster was taken after a long fiege and an obftinate refiftance; and Bockholdt the mock monarch was punished with a moft painful and ignominious death.

BOCKHOLT, a town of Germany in the circle of Weftphalia and diocese of Munfter, capital of

a full

a fmall district, and fubject to the bishop of Munfter: 20 miles E. of Cleeff. Lon. 6. 20. E. Lat. 51.40. N.

BOCK-HORD, [bochord, Sax.] a place where books and writings are kept. Obf. Bailey.

BOCKIA, among chemifts, a large veffel with a great belly, like a cucurbite. Bailey.

BOCKINFIELD, a village in Northumberland, Dear Eland.

(1.) BOCKING, a parish of England, in Effex, which, with the adjoining parish of BRAIN-TREE, contains about 1500 houfes, in general but indifferent.

(2) BOCKING, a very large village of Effex in England, adjoining to BRAIN-TREE, from which is feparated only by a small stream. Its freets are narrow and badly paved. Its church is a Ganery. There are also some meeting-houfes in it; but the market is held at Brain-tree. There is a large manufactory of bayze, chiefly for exportation. Bocking is 41 miles N. E. of London. BOCKLANA. See BAGLANA.

BOCK-LANDS, in the time of the Saxons, were what we now call freehold lands, held by perfons of rank, by charter or deed in writing. It was diftinguished from folkland, or copy-hold land, held by the common people without any written deed.

BOCKLETON, a town in Worcestershire, S. of Tenbury.

BOCONNOC, a village in the county of Cornwall, S E. of Leftwithiel.

BCCQUI. See ВOCHIUS.

BOCTON-ALULPH, a town in Kent, N. W.

of Wye.

BOCTON-MALHERB, a village in Kent, S. W. of

Lenham.

BOLTON-STREET, and two villages in Kent, BOCTON UNDER BLEAN, 5 miles W. of Can

terbury.

(1) BODDOM, a fmall fishing town on the cat of Aberdeenshire, which contained 192 inbutants, in 1794.

BODDOM CASTLE, an ancient fort in Aberventhire, feated on a promontory between two very deep fitures, with high craggy rocks on each Ede, where the fea rolls in with fuch force, that the pay is often carried over the top of the caftle. It said to have been built by a branch of the Mapital family, and was formerly fortified with can Bo, one of which is ftili in it. It was inhabited ate as the beginning of this century.

BCDDOM-HEAD, a promontory of Scotland, Aberdeenshire, fo named by the natives, but er known among geographers by the name of BUCHAN-NESS, which fee.

LBODE, n.f. obf. An abode. Chauc. (2) BODE, part. obf. Commanded. Chauc. (1)I BODE. v. a. [bodian, Sax.] To porAd; to be the omen of. It is ufed in a fenfe of the good or bad.

This bodes fome ftrange eruption to our state.
Shakefp. Hamlet.

-You have oppofed their fafe policy, with true geat wildom; what they boded would be a actief to us, you are providing, shall be one of principal ftrengths. Spratt's Sermons.—

It happen'd once, a boding prodigy!

A fwarm of bees that cut the liquid sky, Upon the topmaft branch in clouds alight. Dryd. If fiery red his glowing globe defcends, High winds and furious tempefts he portends: But if his cheeks are fwoln with livid blue, He bodes wet weather by his wat'ry hue. Dryd. (2.) To BODE. v. n. To be an omen; to forefhew.

Sir, give me leave to fay, whatever now The omen prove, it boded well to you. Dryden. BODEGRAVE, a village of Holland, on the Rhine, the inhabitants of which were barbaroufly used by the French in Dec. 1672. Moreri, in 'his Dictionary, makes it the feene of a victory obtained by the French over the Dutch, for which he is feverely cenfured by Mr Bayle, who proves that it was only one of their pofts, which the French were obliged to abandon, and on which account they ufed the inhabitants cruelly; but that no battle took place near it.

BODEMENT. n.f. [from bode.] Portent; omen; prognostick.

This foolish, dreaming, fuperftitious girl
Makes all thefe bodements.

Shakespeare.
Macbeth fhall never vanquisht be, until
Great Birnam wood to Dunfinane's high hill
Shall come against him-

That will never be: Sweet bodements, good. Shakespeare. BODEN, a village in Lancafh. near Manchefter. BODENTON, a village between Gloucefter and Cheltenham.

BODERIA. See BoBoTRIA.

To BODGE. v. n. [a word in Shakespeare, which is perhaps corrupted from boggle.] To boggle; to ftop; to fail.

With this we charg'd again; but out! alas, We bodg'd again; as I have feen a fwan, With bootlefs labour, fwim against the tide. Shak. BODHAM, a town in Norfolkshire near Holt. BODIAM, a village in Suffex, 9 m. from Winchelfea. It has a fair, June 6.

BODIANO, in ichthyology, the name of an American fith, of the fize of a perch, with a purple back, and yellow fides and belly. It is more ufually known among authors by the name of