5. Letters patent, giving licence to a charitable collection for any publick or private lofs. 6. [In mufick.] A measure of quantity, which contains two ftrokes down in beating time, and as many. up. Harris. for making ropes and cables for shipping; whence arifes the proverb of a man that is hanged, that he is ftabbed with a Bridport dagger. It is 12 miles W. of Dorchester, and 135 W. by S. of London. Lon. 2. 52. W. Lat. 50. 42. N. BRIDSTOW, a village in Herefordfh. near Rofs. (1.) BRIDY, BONVIL'S, three English vil (2.) BRIDY, LITTLE, and lages in Dorfetfh. (3.) BRIDY, LONG, near each other. (1.) BRIE, a ci-devant territory of France, now comprehended in the department of Seine and Marne. It abounds in corn, cattle, and pasture; and has been long noted for excellent cheese. (2.) BRIE, or a town of France, in BRIE COMTE ROBERT, the department of Seine and Marne. The latter name is doubtless now difufed, as favouring of the ancient ariftocracy. BRIECH, a river of Scotland, in Mid Lothian, which falls into the Amon. (1.) * BRIEF. adj. [brevis, Lat. brief, French.] 1. Short; concife. It is now feldom used but of words. A play there is, my lord, fome ten words long, Which is as brief as I have known a play; But by ten words, my lord, it is too long, Which makes it tedious. Shakespeare. I will be mild and gentle in my words.-And brief, good mother, for I am in haste. Shakespeare I must begin with rudiments of art, To teach you gamut in a briefer fort, More pleasant, pretty, and effectual. Shakeft. They nothing doubt prevailing, and to make it brief wars. Shakefp. Coriolanus.-The brief ftile is that which expreffeth much in little. Ben Jonfon. -If I had quoted more words, I had quoted more profaneness; and therefore Mr Congreve has reafon to thank me for being brief. Collier. 2. Contracted; narrow. The shrine of Venus, or straight pight Minerva, Poftures beyond brief nature. Shakespeare. (2.) BRIEF. n. f. [brief, Dutch, a letter.] 1. A writing of any kind. There is a brief, how many sports are ripe: Make choice of which your highnefs will fee first. Shakespeare. -The apoftolical letters are of a twofold kind and difference, viz. fome are called briefs, because they are comprised in a fhort and compendious way of writing. Ayliffe. 2. A fhort extract, or epitome. But how you must begin this enterprize, I will your highness thus in brief advise. Fairy Queen. -I doubt not but I fhall make it plain, as far as a fum or brief can make a caufe plain. Bacon.The brief of this tranfaction is, thefe fprings that arife here are impregnated with vitriol. Woodward. 3. [In law.] A writ whereby a man is fummoned to anfwer to any action; or it is any precept of the king in writing, iffuing out of any court, whereby he commands any thing to be done. Coquel. 4. The writing given the pleaders, con? the cafe. brief with weighty crimes was charg'd, h the pleader much enlarg'd. Swift, (3.) BRIEF, in English law, (§ 2. def. 3.) an a bridgment of the client's cafe, made out for the infruction of council on a trial at law; wherein the cafe of the plaintiff, &c. is to be briefly but fully ftated: the proofs must be placed in due on der, and proper anfwers made to whatever may be objected to the client's caufe by the oppofite fide; and herein great care is requifite, that no thing be omitted, to endanger the cause. (4.) BRIEF, in Scots law, a writ iffued from the chancery, directed to any judge ordinary, com manding and authorifing that judge to call a juryto inquire into the cafe mentioned in the brief and upon their verdict to pronounce fentence. (5.) BRIEFS, APOSTOLICAL, letters which the pope dispatches to princes, or other magiftrates relating to any public affair.-Thefe briefs are dif tinguished from bulls, the latter being more am ple, always written on parchment, and fealed: with lead or green wax; whereas briefs are very concife, written on paper, fealed with red wax, and with the feal of a fisherman, or St Peter in boat. * BRIEFLY. adv. [from brief.] Concifely; in few words.-1 will speak in that manner which the fubject requires; that is, probably, and mo derately, and briefly. Bacon. The modeft queen a while, with downcaft eyes Ponder'd the fpeech; then briefly thus replies Dryde * BRIEFNESS. n. f. [from brief.] Concifenef fhortnefs.-They excel in grandity and gravity, fmoothness and propriety, in quickness and brief nefs. Camden. (1.) BRIEG, a territory of Silefia in Germany (2.) BRIEG, a town in the above territory. (N° 1. It was a handfome place before the last fiege; the caftle, the college, and the arfenal, being very great ornaments, and most of the houfes very wel built. But the Pruffians, who befieged it in 1741 threw 2172 bombs into it, and 4714 cannon bul lets, which reduced a great part of the town to afhes, and quite ruined a wing of the caftle. 16 was obliged to furrender, after sustaining a conti nual fire, for 7 days. The Pruffians, to whom it was ceded by the peace, augmented the fortifica tions, and built a new fuburb. It ftands upon the Oder; on the other fide of which there are plenty of fallow deer, and large forefts of beech and oak trees. It has a fair, at which above 12,000 horned cattle are annually fold. Since 1728, a manu facture of fine cloth has been established. It is 2a. miles S. E. of Breslaw. Lon. 17. 20. E. Lat. 50. so. N. BRIEL, or BRILL, amaritime town of the United. Provinces, and capital of the ifland of Vuorn. It was one of the cautionary towns which was deliver ed into the hands of Q. Elizabeth, and garrifoned by the English during her reign and part of the next. The Dutch took it from the Spaniards, in 1572, which was the foundation of their republic. It is feated at the mouth of the Meufe, 13 miles S. W. of Rotterdam. Lon. 3. 56. E. Lat. 51. 55. N BRIENNE, BRIENNE, a town of France, in the ci-devant province of Champagne. BRIENNOIS, a ci-devant territory of France, on the Loire. It was the S. divifion of Burgundy. BRIENTZ, a lake of Switzerland in Bern. (1.) * BRIER. n. f. [brar, Sax.) A plant. The fweet and the wild forts are both species of the Tofe. What fubtle hole is this, Then thrice under a brier doth creep, Which at both ends was rooted deep, And over it three times doth leap; Her magick much availing. Drayton's Nymph. (2.) BRIER, in botany. See ROSA. BRIERLEY, the name of three English villages; viz. 1. in Herefordshire, S. E. of Leominster: 2. in Staffordshire, E. of Sedgley: and 3. in Yorkshire, near Barnsley. * BRIERY. adj. [from brier.] Rough; thorny; full of briers. BRIESCIA, a palatinate of Poland, in the duchy of Lithuania; by fome called POLESIA. It is bounded on the N. by Novogrode and Troki; on the W. by Bielsko and Lublin; on the S. by Chelm and Upper Volhinia; and on the E. by the territory of Rziczica. It is of confiderable extent from E. to W. and is watered by the rivers Bug and Pripefe: it is full of woods and marthes; and has lakes that yield large quantities of fish, which are falted by the inhabitants, and fent into the neighbouring provinces. BRIETIUS, Philip, a learned French geographer, born at Abbeville, in 1601. He became a Jefuit in 1619, and died librarian of their college at Paris in 1668. His Parallela Geographia Veteris e Nova, published in 3 vol. 4to, 1648-9, is a very exact methodical work. He published alfo Annales Mundi, in 7 vols. 12mo, from the creation to A. D. 1663 and Theatrum Geographie Europa Veteris, in 1653, fol. He was likewife concerned in a Chronological work with father Labbé. BRIEUX, ST, a town of France, in the department of Finisterre, and ci-devant province of Upper Brittany. It is feated in a bottom, furrounded with mountains, which deprive it of a profpect of the fea, though it is not above a mile and a quarter from it, and there forms a fmall port. The churches, ftreets, and fquares, are tolerably handfome; but the town is without walls and ditches. The church of Michael is in the fuburb of the fame name, and is the largest in the place. The convent of the Cordeliers is well built, and the garden is spacious. The college, which is very near, is maintained by the town for the infruction of youth. Lon. 2. 38. W. Lat. 48. 31. N. BRIEY, a town of France, in the department of Mofelle, and ci-devant province of Lorrain; 30 miles N. E. of St Michael. (1.) BRIG, and poffibly a BRIX, is derived from the Saxon bricg, a bridge; which, to this day, in the northern counties, is called a brigg, aad not a bridge. Gibfon's Camden. (2.) BRIG, or BRIGANTINE, a merchant ship with two mafts. This term is not univerfally conhaed to veffels of a particular conftruction, or which are mafted and rigged in a manner different from all others. It is varioufly applied, by the mariners of different European nations, to a pecu liar fort of veffel of their own marine. Amongst British feamen, this veffel is diftinguifhed by having her main-fails fet nearly in the plane of her keel; whereas the mainfails of larger fhips are hung athwart, or at right angles with the fhip's length, and faftened to a yard which hangs parallel with the deck: but in a brig, the foremost edge of the mainfail is fastened in different places to hoops which encircle the mainmast, and slide up and down it as the fail is hoifted or lowered: it is extended by a gaff above and a boom below. (3.) BRIG, BRIGG, OF GLANDFORD BRIDGES,a town in Lincolnshire, feated on the river Ankam 25 miles N. of Lincoln, and 153 N. of London. Lon. o. 20. W. Lat. 53. 40. N. BRIGA, n. s. in old records, a quarrel. (1.) * BRIGADE. n. f. [brigade, Fr. It is now generally pronounced with the accent on the laft fyllable. A divifion of forces; a body of men, contifting of several squadrons of horse, or battalions of foot.Milton. Or fronted brigades form. Here the Bavarian duke his brigades leads, Gallant in arms, and gaudy to behold. Philips. (2.) BRIGADES. An army is divided into brigades of horfe and brigades of foot. A brigade of horfe is a body of 8 or 10 fquadrons; a brigade of foot confifts of 4, 5, or 6 battalions. The eldeft brigade has the right of the first line, and the fecond the right of the fecond; the two next take the left of the two lines, and the youngest stand in the centre. BRIGADE MAJOR. An officer appointed by the brigadier to affift him in the management and ordering of his brigade; and he there acts as a major does in an army. Harris. (1.) * BRIGADIER GENERAL. An officer who commands a brigade of horse or foot in an army; next in order below a major general. (2.) BRIGADIER GENERAL is a poft to which the eldeft colonels are generally advanced. He that is upon duty is brigadier of the day.— They march at the head of their own brigades, and are allowed a ferjeant and ten men of their own brigade for their guard.-But the rank of brigadier general in the British fervice is now abolished. BRIGADIERS, or SUB-BRIGADIERS, are pofts in the horfe-guards. * BRIGAND. n. f. [brigand, Fr.] A robber; one that belongs to a gang of robbers.-There might be a rout of fuch barbarous thievith brigands in fome rocks; but it was a degeneration from the nature of man, a political creature. Bramball againf Hobbes. * BRIGANDINE, BRIGANTINE. n. f. [from brigand.} 1. A light veffel; fuch as has been formerly used by corfairs or pirates. Like as a warlike brigandine, apply'd In your brigantine you fail'd to see and met and restore the ships, referving only to himself two that univerfity; where he continued till his death, brigantines. Arbuthnot. 2. A coat of mail.- on Jan. 26, 1630. Dr Smith gives him the charac Then put on all thy gorgeous arms, thy helter of a man of great probity; a contemner of riches, and contented with his own ftation; prer ferring a ftudious retirement to all the fplendor of life. lie wrote, 1. Logarithmorum chilias prima, 2. Arithmetica logarithmica. 3. Trigonometria Bri tannica. 4. A imall tract on the north-weft paf fage; and fome other works. And brigandine of brafs, thy broad habergeon, Vantbrais, and greves. Milt. Samfon Agonistes. (2.) BRIGANDINES, ( 1. def. 2.) were a kind of ancient defenfive armour, confifting of thin jointed fcales of plate, pliant and easy to the body. (1.) BRIGANTES, an ancient people of Britain, who occupied the territory from fea to fea, the whole breadth of the island; now called Yorkfhire, Lancaster, Durham, Weftmoreland, and Cumberland. (2.) BRIGANTES, an ancient people of Ireland, of uncertain pofition. (1.) BRIGANTIA, or BRIGANTIUM, in ancient geography, a town of Vindelicia; now called BREGENTZ. (2.) BRIGANTIA. See BRIGANTINUS, N. I. BRIGANTII, an ancient people of Rhætia, who dwelt near the Brigantine lake. BRIGANTINE. See BRIG, and BRIGANDINE. (1.) BRIGANTINUS LACUS, in ancient geography, a lake of Rhætia, or Vindelicia, which Tacitus includes in Rhætia. Ammianus calls it BRIGANTIA. It took its name either from the BRIGANTII, or from the adjoining town. It is now called CONSTANCE or BODENZEE. (2.) BRIGANTINUS PORTUS, in ancient geography, a port of the Hither Spain; fo called from Plavium Brigantium; now El Poerto de la Corunna, and more commonly the GROYNE. (1.) BRIGANTIUM, in ancient geography, a town in the Alpes Cottiæ, now thought to be BRIANCON. (2.) BRIGANTIUM. See BRIGANTIA, No. 1. BRIGG. See BRIG, No. 3. BRIGGE, n. f. obf. A bridge. Chauc. BRIGGENS, a village in Hertfordshire, near Hunfdon and Epping Forest. BRIGGESLEY, 6 m. S. of Grimsby, Lincoln hire. (1.). BRIGGS, a range of rocks on the N. fide of Carrickfergus bay, in Down, Ireland. (3.) BRIGGS, William, an eminent phyfician in the latter end of the 17th century, was the foa of Auguftine Briggs, Efq; 4 times member for the city of Norwich, where our author was bor He ftudied phyfic at Cambridge, and travelled in to France, where he attended the lectures of the famous anatomift M. Vieuffens at Montpelier. AR ter his return, he published his Ophthalmographia, in 1676. In 1677, he was created M.D. at Cam bridge; and foon after was made fellow of the college of phyficians, at London. In 1681, hig Theory of Vion was published by Hooke. In 1683 fent to the Royal Society a continuation of that difcourfe, which was published in their tranfac tions; and the fame year, he was, by K. Charle II. appointed physician to St Thomas's hofpital In 1684, he communicated to the Royal Society two remarkable cafes relating to vifion, which were alfo printed in their tranfactions; and, in 1685, he published a Latin verfion of his Theat of Vifion, at the detre of Mr Newton, afterward Sir Ifaac, profeffor of mathematics at Cambridge with a recommendatory epiftle from him prefixes to it. He was afterwards made phyfician in a dinary to K. William, and continued in great fteem for his skill in his profeffion till Sept. 4, 1704 when he died. 2. (2.) BRIGGS, Henry, one of the greatest mathematicians in the 16th century, was born at Warley Wood, Yorkshire, in 1556. In 1592, he was made examiner and lecturer in mathematics, and foon after reader of the physical lecture founded by Dr Linacer. When Grelham college in London was established, he was chofen the firft profeffor of geometry there, in 1596. In 1609, he contracted an intimacy with Mr Ulher afterwards Abp. of Armagh, which continued many years by letters, two of which, written by Mr Briggs, are yet extant. In one of these letters, dated Aug. 1610, he tells his friend, he was engaged in the 3. fubject of eclipfes; and in the other, dated March 10th, 1615, he acquaints him with his being wholly employed about the noble invention of logarithms, then lately difcovered, in the improvement of which, he had afterwards a large thare. In 1619, he was made Savilian profeffor of geomert Oxford; and refigned his profefforihip of am college on the 25th of July, 162c. Scon is going to Oxford, he was made M. A. in Through a cloud Drawn round about thee like a radiant brine Dark, with exceffive bright, thy skirts appear. Milton Then shook the facred fhrine, and sudden light Sprung through the roof, and made the temple bright. Dryi Shining as a body reflecting light.- Clear; confpicuous. From the brightest wines He'd turn abhorrent. Popt Thomjen While the bright Seine t' exalt the foul, With fparkling Jenty crowns the bowl. Fenton 4. Clear; evident.-He must not proceed too swiftly, that he may with more cafe, and with brighter evidence, and with furer fuccefs, draw the learn er on. Watts's Improvement of the Mind. 5. Refplendent with charms.— Thy BRÍ Thy beauty appears, In its graces and airs, ( 369 ) All bright as an angel new drop'd from the sky. Addifon Pone. Thou more dreaded foe, bright beauty, shine. Anonymous. This is the worst, if not the only ftain, The purple morning rifing with the year, Philips Hope elevates, and joy Yet time ennobles, or degrades each line; BRI on Thurfday, and two fairs on holy Thurf, and Sept. 4. Before the war, it was the ftation of the packet boats to and from Dieppe, in France. It is 74 m. N. W. from Dierpe; 56 S. of London, and 12 from Lewes. Lon. o. 6. W. Lat. 50. 52. N. BRIGHTLEY, a village of Devonshire, S. W. of Moulton. BRIGHTLING, a town in Suffex. * BRIGHTLY. adv. [from bright] Splendidly; with lustre. Safely I flept, till brightly dawning fhone The blazing brightness of her beauty's beam, Fairy Queen. -A fword, by long lying ftill, will contract a ruft, which fhall deface its brightness. South. The moon put on her vail of light, Prisr. 2. Acutenes. The brightness of his parts, the folidity of his judgment, and the candour and generofity of his temper, diftinguished him in an age of great politenefs. Prior. BRIGHTON. See BRIGHT HELMSTONE. BRIGHT WALTON, a village in Berkshire. BRIGHTWELL, 3 villages; 1. in Berkshire, hear Wallingford : 2. in Oxfordshire, near AftropWells: and 3. in Suffolk, E. of Ipfwich. BRIGITTINS, or BRIDGETINS, a religious order, denominated from their founder St BRIDGET. The Brigittins are fometimes alfo called the order of our Saviour; it being pretended that Chrift bimfell dictated their rules and conftitutions to St Bridget. In the main, the rule is that of St Augutine; only with additions pretended to have t. To make acute, or witty. To grow bright; been revealed by Chrift. The first monaftery of (2.) To BRIGHTEN. V. n. the Bridgetin order was erected by the foundrefs to clear up: as, the sky brightens.A. D. 1344, in the diocele of Lincopen; on the But let a lord once own the happy lines, model of which all the reft were formed. The How the file brightens, how the fente refines. Pope. conftitution of thefe houfes was very fingular : BRIGHTHELMSTONE, or BRIGHTON, a fea though the order was principally intended for port town of Suffex in England. It is a pretty nuns, who were to pay a fpecial homage to the rge and populous town, though ill built, and holy Virgin, there are alfo many friars of it, to his a pretty good harbour. At this place, King minifter to them fpiritual afliftance. The numCharles II. embarked for France, 1651, after the ber of nuns is fixed at 60 in each monaftery, and battle of Worcefter. It has lately been confider. that of friars to 13, anfwerable to the number of aly extended and embellished, in confequence of apoitles, of whom St Paul made the 13th; bebeing become a place of great refort for fea fides which there are 4 deacons, to reprefent the fathing. The Prince of Wales has erected a feat in 4 doctors of the church, St Ambrofe, St Augufit. It lies very low; which protected it on dif- tin, St Gregory, and St Jerome; and 8 lay bro ferent occafions from the cannon of the French, thers; making, together with the nuns, the numwhofe balls flew over it, when they attempted to de- ber of the 72 difciples. The order being inftituolifh it; but expofes it to a fill more formidable ted in honour of the Virgin, the direction is comthemy, viz. the fea, which is continually encroach- mitted to an abbefs, who is fuperior both of the ing on it. Within these 45 years, it has deftroy- nuns and of the friars. Each houfe confifts of 2 coned above 150 tenements, to the value of near vents or monafteries, feparately inclofed, but having L.40.000. In Nov. 1786, in particular, it deftroy- one church in common; the nuns being placed aed the block house and feveral other houfes worth bove, and the friars on the ground. The Bridgedenial, many thousand pounds. Brighton has a market tins profeis great mortification, poverty, and felfVOL. IV. PART II, Aaa In deference to his virtues, I forbear denial, as well as devotion: and they are not to poffefs any thing they can call their own, not fo much as an halfpenny; nor even to touch money on any account. This order fpread much through Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands, &c. In England we read of but one monastery of Brigittines, built by Henry V. in 1415, oppofite to Richmond, now called Sion houfe; the ancient inhabitants of which, after the diffolution, fettled at Lisbon. The revenues were reckoned at 1495 1. per annum. BRIGLEY, a town N. of Bradford, Yorkshire. BRIGMILSTON, a village in Wiltshire, oppofite to Ablington. BRIGNEL, 2 miles from Barnard-Caftle, Yo: k fhire. BRIGNOLES, a town of France, in the department of Var, and ci-devant province of Provence, famous for its prunes. It is feated among mountains, in a pleasant country, 325 miles S. S. E. of Paris. Lon. 6. 15. E. Lat. 43. 24. N. BRIGOWNE, a town of Ireland in Cork. BRIGSTER, a village in Weftmoreland. BRIGSTOCK, in Northamptonshire, near Weldon. It has 3 fairs, May 6, Sep. 5. Nov. 22. BRIHUEGA, a town of Spain, in New Caftile, where Gen. Stanhope with 8 fquadrons and 8 battalions of the English army were taken prifoners, in 1710, after they had feparated themfelves from that commanded by count Staremberg. It is feated at the foot of the mountain Tajuña, 43 miles N. E. of Madrid. Lon. 3. 20. W. Lat. 41. 6. N. BRIKE, adj. obf. Strait; narrow. Chauc. (1.) BRIL, Matthew, a native of Antwerp, and a good painter, born in 1550, and educated at Rome. He was eminent for his performances in hiftory and landscape, in the galleries of the Vatican; where he was employed by Pope Gregory XIII. He died in 1584, aged only 34. (2.) BRIL, Paul, was born in 1554; followed his brother Matthew (N. 1.) to Rome; painted feveral things in conjunction with him; and after his deceafe, raifed his own fame by his landfcapes; owing to his having ftudied the manner of Hanni.bal Carrache, and copied fome of Titian's works of the fame kind. He was much in favour with Pope Sixtus V.: and painted for his fucceffor Clement VIII. the famous piece, about 68 feet long, wherein St Clement is reprefented caft into the fea with an anchor about his neck. He died at Rome in 1526, aged 72. BRILL, two villages; 1. in Buckinghamshire, near Athenden: and 2. in Middlefex, between London and Pancres. BRILLEY, a village in Herefordshire, near Eardifley. * BRILLIANCY. n. f. [from brilliant.] Lufire; fplendour. * BRILLIANT. adj. [brillant, Fr.] Shining; (1.) fparkling; fplendid; full of luftre.~ So have I feen in larder dark Of veal a lucid loin, Replete with many a brilliant spark, At once both ftink and thine. Dorfet. (2.) BRILLIANT. n. f. A diamond of the fineft cut, formed into angles, fo as to refract the light, and fine more. (3.) BRILLIANT, in the manege, is applied to a brifk, high mettled, ftately, horfe, having a raifed neck, a fine motion, and excellent haunches, upon which he rifes, though ever fo little put on. * BRILLIANTNESS. n. f. [from brilliant.] Splendour; Juftre. * BRILLS. n. f. The hairs on the eye-lids of a horfe. Dia. (1.) * BRIM. n. f. [brim, Icelandifh.] 1. The edge of any thing.-His hat being in the form of a turban, daintily made, the locks of his hair came down about the brims of it. Bacon. 2. The upper edge of any veffel. How my head in ointment fwims! The bubbling waters from the bottom rife, Dryden's Er. Thus in a bafon drop a fhilling, 3. That curious nymph had oft been known To bathe her inowy limbs. Drayt (2.) BRIM denotes the outmoft verge or edge, especially of round things. The brims of velle's are made to project a little over, to hinder liquors, in pouring out, from running down the tide of the veffel. The brimming of veffels was contrived by the ancient potters, in imitation of the l percilium or drip of the cornices of columns: it is done by turning over fome of the double mat ter when the work is on the wheel. (1.) To BRIM. v. a. [from the noun.] To fl to the top.- May the brimmed waves, for this, Milton This faid, a double wreath Evander twin'd; And poplars black and white his temples bind: Then brims his ample bowl; with like defign The reft invoke the gods, with fprinkled wine. Dryde (2.) To BRIM. v. n. To be full to the brim.Now horrid frays Commence, the brimming glaffes now are hurl'd With dire intent. Peps (3.) To BRIM, in country affairs. A fow is faid to brim, or, to go to brim, when the is ready to take the boar. BRIMA, a name of Proferpine. *BRIMFUL. adj. [from brim and full.] Full to the top; overcharged. Meature my cafe, how by thy beauty's filling, With feed of woes my heart brimful is charg Sidery We |