corner of Seventh and K Streets. Mayor Magruder addressed the crowd, which by this time numbered about 1500 persons, and demanded that the polls be opened. His demand being refused, the order was given the marines to fire. A section of the marines then advanced under Maj. Tyler and took possession of the brass cannon. The mob, retiring, threw stones and fired pistols at the marines, one of whom was wounded. The marines were then ordered to fire, with the result that six persons were killed and twentyone wounded, among whom were Justices Goddard and Dunn, officers Deggs and Birkhead and Gus. F. Klopfer, Chief of Police Capt. Baggott, ward commissioner R. B. Owens, Col. Williams, of the land office, Geo. D. Spencer, Geo. McElfresh and others. As a result of the voting in this and other precincts, the union or anti-Know Nothing ticket was successful.

Early in 1860 a petition signed by a number of respectable citizens was presented to the Hon. Secretary of the Interior, asking for the removal of the Northern Liberty Market as a nuisance, to another locality, stating further that the long, low, ranges of sheds which compass it on the east, west and south sides are anything but pleasant to look upon. They further contended that it should be removed as it was occupying the public streets.

The select committee of citizens to which the communication had been referred by the Secretary of the Interior, replied at length contending that the market was not occupying the public streets, but public areas or spaces, a part of the original plan or system of providing public spaces for public uses. Signed by C. S. Jones, Thos. Sheckles and John B. Turton.

The patons of the Northern Liberty Market did not have the advantages of street railways in 1860. At this time a line of omnibusses ran up Seventh Street as far

as L Street, and M Street was then spoken of as the limits of the city, and so continued until about 1867.

By 1863 this market had the advantages of the Seventh Street car service as far out as M Street, and by the close of the Civil War the Ninth Street extension of the Metropolitan system as far as Rhode Island Avenue, which was not continued further north until 1873.

In 1870 the Columbia line was built, passing on the south side of the old Northern Liberty Market. Old Northern Liberty Market had an important advantage in its location. The country trade was then principally down Seventh Street to the two most important markets. At the time of the building of this market it was stated by the National Intelligencer that Seventh Street was the leading business street.

Seventh Street was paved with cobble stones until late in the seventies, when they were taken up and replaced with Belgian block.

The western portion of Mt. Vernon Square as I remember it in the sixties, was enclosed by a picket fence, and at the corners entrance was through wooden turnstiles. These were to prevent the entrance of animals which were then permitted in the streets. I remember often seeing geese, sheep, hogs and cows driven through the streets. On one occasion it is authoritatively related of Hon. John P. Hale, while walking along our city streets, "that a great pig ran against him, knocking him flat on his back against the pavement."

Among the more important buildings and residences which I recall in the sixties, facing the Northern Liberty Market and what is now Mt. Vernon Square, are the Southern Methodist or Mt. Vernon Place M. E. Church, recently torn down to make place for the new building for the National Association of Machinists. This church was

built by Dearing and Morsell, then members of the same fifty-one years ago, and I well remember its construction. After the church was finished and the burden of debt rather heavy, a way out was provided by these two liberal members in personally liquidating the final payment. Prof. Joseph Daniel, of public school fame, led the choir for many years.

Mr. W. W. Burdette lived north of the market at No. 805 K Street, Mr. Geo. W. Knox at No. 803 K, Mr. Lem Towers at No. 807 K and Mr. Alexander H. Young, the grocer, at N.W. corner of Eighth and K, and the residences of Maj. A. C. Richards and Mr. Jedediah Gittings just above on Eighth. Between Seventh and Eighth Streets on K, in No. 711, lived Valentine Harbaugh, the druggist, and W. T. Griffith, a leading tailor for years, at 705; 713, Noble D. Larner; 717, Col. Wm. G. Moore, and on the northeast corner of Eighth Street George S. Gideon, at one time President of the Washington & Georgetown R. R. Co. W. D. Spignul's coffee store was on the N.W. corner of Seventh and K Streets; Wm. Dunkhorst's tobacco store on the northeast corner, displayed for years one of the familiar wooden Indians in front of the door; Ruppert's restaurant on the southeast corner of New York Avenue and Seventh; Gustav Hartig's hardware store northeast corner Seventh and K Streets; directly in front of Mr. Hartig's store on what is now a most attractive public parking, and opposite the old market, small circus shows were given under a single tent. Afterward they were allowed to show west of the market on the unoccupied part of Mt. Vernon Square, a portion of which was the cattle market. An old, three-story frame building, occupied by Geo. M. Barker's sash and door mill, known as Noah's Ark, occupied the end of the square at Seventh, Massachusetts Avenue and K Street, razed long since to make place for the handsome brownstone and brick Home Savings Bank;