Porte has hitherto so inviolably respected. Turks and Greeks are to serve indiscriminately in the corps of Seymans. Mustapha bas already, at Rudschuk, many Greeks among his best troops, and on the 12th October, his confidant and his banker made their entry under an escort of sixty Seymans, who were all Armenians.-The Grand Vizier caused, in the month of October, a great number of casgis (rowers and fishermen) to come to the environs of the capital, in order to make them serve on board the fleet. The ancient corps of Jauissaries every day decreases.→→ The Grand Vizier has just caused to be or less affected with the scurvy, and the necessity of their having vegetables with their boiled fresh meat, I made use of the Nopal in a inanner more admissible, which was to put a proportion every day in the coppers with their soup; this I think is a preferable mode, it being less likely to affect the bowels than in a raw state. Having been so little able to speak of its benefit from our not having quitted the coast, I can only say, that from a knowledge of the utility of vegetables in scurvy, I will endeavour to obviate any effects on the bowels by opiates, and hope that the next time I have the pleasure of writing to you on the subject, to be able to speak of the be-executed the most powerful supporters of that nefit obtained, as it is so easily taken care of by keeping it in the air.-Therefore request you will furnish me with a further supply, as we have nothing that will keep so long in a fresh succulent state.-I have the honour to be, Sir, your obedient servant, CHARLES EDMUND, Surgeon of H. M. Ship Russell. TURKEY. corps, who were the most strenuously opposed to the Nizamgedid, the ci-devant Siemen Baschi, and the Inspectors of Arsenals, Khwigi Oglu and Mustapha Aga. This last having called to the 25th cohort of Janissaries, to which he belonged, for assistance, Mustapha immediately killed him with a blow of the sabre; the executioner immediately cut off his head, as well as that of his unfortu nate companion.-The Grand Seignior has, by a decree, given to the Vizier unlimited powers for the augmentation of the forces, both by sea and land. This minister com pletely paid the new troops before the com mencement of the Fast, and what is very important, has established a chamber of finances, particularly for the Seymans, at the head of which he has placed the former treasurer, Bedellsch Effendi. He has replaced the minister of finances by the ancient Crausch-bachi (marshal of the court), Tohsim-Achmet Effendi, who has for successor Harnand Mehmisch Effendi, formerly presi dent of the army accounts. Thanks be to the indefatigable vigilance and energy of Mustapha Bairactar, all these important changes have been peaceably effected.Egypt continues to enjoy the most perfect tranquillity. The Pacha of Bagdad pursues with vigour the important advantages which he has lately gained over the Wechabites. Proceedings at Constantinople.-Nov. 25. The Grand Vizier has caused the Bachi Aga, Commandant of the Marine, and the fanatical enemy of every thing that was Turkish, to be beheaded. This event has caused a great sensation in this capital. We have been equally astonished at learning of the deposition of Hagi Pacha, Commandant of the Castles of the Dardanelles, who has been sent into exile. He has been replaced by Rahill Pacha, who is considered as a zealous partizan of the Porte. M. Bosgowich has presented his credentials as Chargé d'Affaires from Prussia. -The great cainp of Daud-Pacha, near Constantinople, is now occupied by the particular troops of Mustapha Bairactar, and by the Seymans which he has organized with inconeeivable promptitude. All the others are gone to the grand army of Romelia, or returned into their provinces. Of this number, the troops of the Beys and Ayans of Asia form the greater part. These, before their departure, engaged themselves by a most sacred oath, before the Grand Vizier, to sacrifice all their personal animosities, and to appear at the first signal, to defend the Mahometan religion and the empire. Ismael Bey of Seres, Kare Asmann Oglu, and Kaleangh Oglu, were the first who set out; they were followed by the celebrated Ciapin Oglu.-Mustapha Bairactar is incessantly occupied in augmenting the Seymans, which he will raise to 160,000 men; they are to have red, green, and white uniforms. These His Majesty's Declaration relative to the troops will be divided into buluks of 1600 Negociation proposed by France and Russia. men each. There will be for each buluk a-The overtures made to his majesty by the goBinbaschi, a Mublahsin (two staff officers), 16 Jusbasches, and 160 Oubaschi (captains and lieutenants). The Grand Vizier has entirely done away the obstacle which resulted from a difference of religion, and which the OBSERVANDA INTERNA. Prorogation of Parliament.-Another Proclamation has been issued for further proroguing Parliament from Jan. 16th to the 19th, then to meet for the dispatch of business. Fast Day.-A Proclamation has been issued for appointing a fast for Feb. 8. in England, and Feb. 9, 1809, for Scotland. vernments of Russia and of France have not led to negociation; and the intercourse to which those overtures gave rise being terminated, his majesty thinks it right thus promptly and publicly to make known its termination. The continued appearance of a negociation, when the government of Spain, acting in the name peace has been found to be utterly unattain- of his catholic majesty, Ferdinand VII, was able, could be advantageous only to the understood to be a party of the negociation. enemy.It might enable France to sow The reply returned by France to this proposidistrust and jealousy in the councils of those tion of his majesty casts off at once the thin'. who are combined to resist her oppressions: disguise, which had been assumed for a moand if, among the nations which groan under mentary purpose; and displays, with less the tyranny of French alliance, or among than ordinary reserve, the arrogance and inthose which maintain against France a doubt-justice of that government. The universal ful and precarious independence, there should Spanish nation is described by the degrading be any which even now are balancing be- appellation of the Spanish Insurgents;" tween the certain ruin of a prolonged inacti-and the demand for the admission of the govity, and the contingent dangers of an effort vernment of Spain as a party to any negocia to save themselves from that ruin; to nations tion, is rejected as inadmissable and inso situated the delusive prospect of a peace sulting.With astonishment as well as with between Great Britain and France could not grief his majesty has received from the Empefail to be peculiarly injurious. Their prepa- ror of Russia a reply, similar in effect, alrations might be relaxed by the vain hope of though less indecorous in tone and manner. returning tranquillity; or their purpose sha- The Emperor of Russia also stigmatizes as ken by the apprehension of being left to con "insurrection," the glorious efforts of the tend alone. That such was, in fact, the Spanish people in behalf of their legitimate main object of France in the proposals trans- sovereign, and in defence of the independence mitted to his majesty from Erfurth, his ma- of their country; thus giving the sanction of jesty entertained a strong persuasion.-But at his imperial majesty's authority to an usurpaa moment when results so awful from their tion which has no parallel in the history of importance, and so tremendous from their the world. The king would readily have uncertainty, might be depending upon the embraced an opportunity of negociation, decision of peace or war, the king felt it due which might have afforded any hope or prosto himself to ascertain, beyond the possibility pect of a peace, compatible with justice an of doubt, the views and intentions of his with honour. His majesty deeply laments enemies.It was difficult for his majesty to an issue, by which the sufferings of Europe believe, that the emperor of Russia had de- are aggravated and prolonged. But neither voted himself so blindly and fatally to the the honour of his majesty, nor the generosity violence and ambition of the power with of the British nation, would admit his mawhich his imperial majesty had unfortunately jesty's consenting to commence a negociation, become allied, as to be prepared openly to by the abandonment of a brave and loyal abet the usurpation of the Spanish monarchy; people, who are contending for the preservaand to acknowledge and maintain the right tion of all that is dear to man; and whose assumed by France, to depose and imprison exertions in a cause so unquestionably just, friendly sovereigns, and forcibly to transfer to his majesty has solemnly pledged himself to herself the allegiance of independent nations. sustain.-Westminster, Dec. 15, 1808. When therefore it was proposed to his majesty to enter into negociation for a general peace, in concert with his majesty's allies, and to treat either on the basis of the Uti Possidetis (heretofore the subject of so much controversy), or on any other basis, consistent with justice, honour, and equality, his majesty determined to meet this seeming fairness and moderation, with fairness and moderation, on his majesty's part, real and sincere.-The king professed his readiness to enter into such negociation in concurrence with his allies; and undertook forthwith to communicate to them the proposals which his majesty had received. But as his majesty was not connected with Spain by a formal treaty of alliance, his majesty thought it necessary to declare, that the engagements which he had contracted, in the face of the world, with . that nation, were considered by his majesty as no less sacred, and no less binding upon his majesty, than the most solemn treaties; and to express his majesty's just confidence that Subscription in Aid of the Spanish Patriots. -On Friday, Dec. 2, pursuant to advertisement, a meeting of the merchants and others took place at the City of London Tavern, for the purpose of supplying the Spanish Patriots with clothing, and other necessaries. The Lord Mayor presided; and Mr. Alderman Rowcroft moved, that it was the sense of the meeting, that subscriptions should be immediately entered into, for supplying the Spanish armies with necessaries."-This resolution was carried unanimously, and with much applause. The meeting then proceeded to form a committee, composed of a great number of the most respectable merchants of London, for the purpose of carrying into effect the objects for which they were assembled, and the following address was published by them, Dec. 13-" The committee appointted on the 9th of December, by the merchants and inhabitants of London, to attend to the application of a general subscription in aid of the brave Spanish Patriots, now strug 58,500 men; cloth for do. 50,000; linen gling in the field to defend their country from a foreign and cruel invader, cannot discharge that duty without making an earnest appeal to the attention of their generous countrymen, of all ranks, in behalf of a nation and a cause so interesting to all the sympathies of Britons. A people contending for their independence, liberties, and security, from foreign tyranny and oppression-a nation, friendly in its dispositions-honourable in all its national conduct and character-fitted by political and commercial interests and relations, to be closely connected in alliance and friendship with Great Britain, and now struggling with heroic fortitude, in a common cause, against a common and most formidable foe; suffering in the arduous conflict the greatest hardships, and enduring the severest privations, has, surely, strong claims of every kind on every inhabitant of these islands; and though the greatest exertions have, with the general approbation of this nation, been made by government to afford the most extensive, speedy, and effectual aids of treasure, arms, ammunition, military stores, equipments, and clothing, for the maintenance and support of the Spanish troops, together with the succour of large bodies of British soldiers, it is still felt, that the generous manifestation of the popular sentiment, and such further aids, of various kinds, as a general and liberal subscription may supply, cannot but have an effect animating and consoling to the Spanish soldier, and convincing to the Spanish government and people, of the perfect union in opinion and sentiment which on this subject subsists throughout these islands. The conmittee rely, with confidence, that the good example of the public corporations and companies, and of the inhabitants of the metropolis, will be followed by the principal cities, towns, and districts of the united kingdom, in order to form together an offering worthy of the great cause for which it is made, of the high character and affluence of the empire which presents it, and fit to be accepted by the gallant; disinterested, and high spirited nation, to whose brave defenders it is offered." -The subscription already amounts to upwards of £30,000. The Duke of Queens bury, to his eternal honour, as a peer of the realm, has subscribed £5,000. The fol- *Our readers are requested to refer to Panolowing is a list of the supplies (sent and or- rama, Vol. IV. p. 984 et seq.-where will dered by government) for the Spanish armies, be found an address and propositions for a subas contained in a letter of the chancellor of scription in aid of the Spaniards, intended to the exchequer, and read at the above meet- have been proposed at the Argyle Rooms so far ing Suits of clothing and cloth for back as JULY LAST-and if they had been 241,400 men; great coats, and cloth for great properly attended to, at that period, the Spanicoats, for 100,000 men; shirts 35,000; ards might, long ere this, have been enjoying sheeting 100,000 yds. ; calico 882,000 do.; the relief now proffered. However, better late linen 116,000 do. ; shoes as many as can be than never, as the proverb says and v we sinprocured. Of the above articles, the follow-cerely hope it is not yet too late to shew the ing have been actually forwarded to Spain, Spaniards that every individual in the country at different times-uniforms complete for is in unison with the actions of governmeal. Resolutions of a Meeting for promoting due Observance of the Sabbath.At a general ineeting of the inhabitants of the town and castle of Windsor, held at the Guildhall, on Tuesday the 26th of April, 1808, for the purpose of adopting such resolutions as should be thought most effectual for promoting the better observance of the Sabbath, within the borough and its neighbourhood James Egelstone, Esq. Mayor, in the chair;-Reselved, That the practice of opening shops, or otherwise exercising trades or callings ou Sundays; the delivery of goods by the common carriers; and the admission of persons into public-houses and suffering tippling therein, during divine service; are gross breaches of the Sabbath, and tend greatly to the corruption of morals and the increase of dissipation. Resolved, That the persons present at this meeting do hereby pledge themselves to dis countenance such practice; and that they will not apply or send to any shop whatsoever, for goods, provisions, or any other article, on Sunday, nor suffer their servants or any of their respective families so to do; and they do recommend to the inhabitants generally.to of God, enjoining them the sacred rest of thes Sabbath, urging the regulation of the intercourse among the sexes, and diffusing the blessed and benign hope of salvation, through the Great Mediator. vain; and among the returns to it, are Such an effort could hardly have been made sundry letters, the contents of which are of great interest, on this subject. We embrace readers, and they will be found in this work, an opportunity of laying them before our EXCLUSIVELY. We cannot prevent our peafter we have published them, as they have riodical contemporaries from abstracting them,' refer to the test of comparison of dates, to done a multitude of other articles, but, we vindicate our claims to priority and fidelity. conform to this resolution-Resolved, That We offer first, a letter from a planter in Jamaica to the Bishop of London, dated June 25, 1808. Secondly, a letter not addressed to the Bishop, but intended for his perusal, from another planter, in the same island, and thirdly, a circular address to the clergy and proprietors of plantations in the islands, which contains his lordship's reply to objections, after full consideration of those remarks which have reached him, and the information be has derived from numerous communications with very intelligent men. The complimenta ry and confidential parts of these letters are omitted, of course. MY LORD, Jamaica, June 25, 1808, ......Your benevolent and pious design, I consider as a licence to the individual, who comports with your sentiments, to offer whatever matter his local experience aflords, to INSTRUCTION OF THE NEGROES, ESPECIALLY promote the noble and laudable objects you THE CHILDREN,, IN THE BRITISH WEST- Though the Panorama was not vociferous in condemning the Slave Trade, yet it was hearty in rejoicing when that traffic was abolished. It looked, however, much further than that interference of the legislature, to the probable effects, and results of it, for years to come. Among these the education and instruction of the negroes, held a principal place; and, disregarding manifest inconveniences, our work gave entire, [Vide Panorama, Vol. III. p. 1129] the Bishop of London's excellent Letter To the Governors, Legislatures, and Proprietors, of Plantations, &c. in the British West-India Islands, "a tract written expressly on that important subjeet. With truly honourable as well as ardent zeal, that pious and eminent prelate recommended to the persons most interested, the beginning of this humane and laudable work, pointing out both their duty and their interest, in lightening the bondage of their negro servants, by teaching them the knowledge have zealously contemplated and recommended; and should mine be graciously received, I shall be happy to dilate upon the subject of this letter....... Permit me to add, that America is my native country, to which my father migrated, from Durham, in 1740; and that I caine here, previous to the revolution in the former country, and became a sugar planter by purchase. The morals and habits I brought with me, were repugnant to the horrid system exercised among the most hapless of the human race;" and my visit to America in 1798, with intent to settle there permanently, with my numerous family, increased that general disapprobation and abhorrence, I returned to Jamaica, in 1801, with my family, apparently doomed to end our days in these tents of Kedar:"from the deplorable prospects presented to the heavily burthened and groaning agriculture, which admits not a ray of hope to the planter of leaving it, to live in his forma er competence elsewhere; while his produce, raised in extreme toil, and sold at the only. market, to which he can send it, will scarcely pay for the casks he sends it in! Analagous circumstances and facts, in the southern states of America, also manifest, that civilization did not make any progress while supplies from Africa fed the barbarous ideas and native recollections of their slaves. I greatly fear this, and increasing debt to the British merchant, on whose capital he purchases and cultivates, will interrupt the realization of your lordship's benignant views; In 1770, I witnessed slavery in all its ridevoutly as I pray for their success, and that gour and misery, in Virginia. A wretchedyour philanthropy may be universally imitated. ness, aggravated by cold and nakedness; I consider the original settlement and ma- which the genial clime of the West-Indies nagement of slaves in Jamaica, as having precludes. Yet, on my return there in 1792, been founded in error, and nourished in vice; I beheld a most wonderful change. Civilized until it has become like the Augean stable, reasonable beings, but nominally slaves, for and requires Herculean labour to cleanse it. little more than the name of slavery existed. The powerful interference of the parliament I found barbarians and heathens turned to of the inother country only is equal to these christianity! and admired the universal toleeffects; for a late trial, by what the consoli- ration of religion, emanating from that sense dated slave code constitutes " a court of of political good, which had abolished the protectors," justifies my assertion, that the African Slave Trade. law itself is a mockery of the humane purposes it feigns to embrace, and is a delusion to the rulers of the nation. All minor attempts or exertions to prevent abuses or improvements in the condition of slaves, will be vain. I rejoice therefore to behold in your lordship so pure and powerful an advocate for them. Previous to my last return to the island, a gentleman, who was a planter, procured from America a lay Baptist, one Moses Baker (a coloured or Mulatto iman of good, peaceable, disposition) to instruct and exhort his slaves. The goodly reports of this man induced me to write, and obtain, that gentleman's permission, to allow him to visit and preach to mine. But before I could advance in this essay several lay Methodists, who congregated and exhorted free coloured people and slaves, in Kingston, were apprehended by the magistracy, and, I believe, imprisoned; and it was with difficulty the unoffending Baker was saved from transportation, by the firm ness of his employer. I have warmly contended (against the torrent of opinion)" that the abolition of the Slave Trade will become a blessing to the West-Indies." That it will necessarily incite greater care and providence for them, generally; and particularly, for pregnant women, to prepare them comforts, and proper lodging in hospitals, &c. with various other requisite means to preserve their offspring; and also encourage licit connexions; which you wisely advise. Surely if evils, are to be apprehended from untutored savages, as they are imported from Africa, in proportion to numbers, the apprehensious will diminish, when additions to these numbers cease. See the " Proceedings of the Council of Protection, in the case of Betsy Martin, a Mustee Slave," at Savana-la-Mar, the 26th March, 1805; printed at my instance, by R. Edwards, Fleet-street; in possession of Mr. Jos. Butterworth. Guided by the spirit of our Divine Teacher, Christian pastors of every denomination had introduced themselves among this once hapless race, and taught them submission, repentance, and forgiveness, as the way to future bliss. The results became manifest, by their population doubling itself in sixteen years; whereas, before, it was necessary to import 15,000 yearly, to keep up their census. Labour, tillage, wealth, and comforts now enriched the master; and humanity rased from the slave the remembrance of his former woe. These truths I have earnestly though une availingly represented; fo. I possess not that magnitude of property, which commands here a magnitude of influence; and, retired to the calm of an agricultural life, I seek it not in public pursuits. I have reasoned from comparative facts, "that religion was indispensable in humanising our slaves;" and, by giving them a knowledge of moral duty, we should draw from them far inore labour than is forced by iron severity. I grieve to say, an opposite opinion prevails ; and arguments are used, to shew; that our safety is secured by ignorance!" May an interposing Providence dispel the mistaken policy which rejects ordinances and measures, so expedient to our prosperity! and may the event justify the inscrutable means, He may have appointed, thus to bring myriads to the light! In respect to the method of effecting YOUR charitable and salutary institution, I do not exactly accord, as to the facility of establishing it, by assimilating the Hindoos and Afri cans; because the one professes a national illumination and improved talents: the other,' we find with a depravity and savageness of heart, which contributes some sanction to the conclusions made of their inferiority, by President Jefferson in his Notes, and which my own studious researches have not yet enabled me to controvert. The pious missionaries, who have been's successful in other countries, in converting |