THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. London Gazette Pecker-Even. Mail Loaner de Londres Weekly Papers Birmingham 2 Blackburn Bolton Bridgwater-Bristol 4 Carmarth-Chelmsf. Chesterfield Chelten..-Chest. Dorset -Durham 2 Essex-Exeter 5 Gloucest-Hants 3 JULY, 1830. [PUBLISHED AUGUST, 1830.] Original Communications. MINOR CORRESPONDENCE. Ancient Kingdom of Ylli, in Britanny. Altar Screen for Salisbury Cathedral.. Anecdote of Rev. W. Douglas and Ld. Nelson 12 9 3 4 7 Kater and Lardner's Natural Philosophy......50 Picture of India. ...51 9 52 .ib. Bowles's Letter to Lord Mountcashel.. Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity.. 55 56 Hancock's Discourses.. ..ib. 16 Notices of Samuel Watson, Sculptor.........ib. Seraps from a Note-book. I Os Church Bells.... 19 Literary Intelligence. .23 ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES. On removing the Screen in York Cathedral..27 Classical Literature. Bishop Monk's Life of Bentley. On Macaronic Poetry.. lustrations of Horace.... Review of New Publications. Bicheno on Ireland Wawright's Vindication of Paley. .......41 Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum .39 40 .65 Proceedings in present Session of Parliament 67 Embellished with a Design for an ALTAR SCREEN at SALISBURY CATHEDRAL; By SYLVANUS URBAN, GENT. Printed by J. B. NICHOLS and SON, CICERO'S HEAD, 25, Parliament Street, Westminster; where all Letters to the Editor are requested to be sent, POST-PAID. [2] MINOR CORRESPONDENCE. CLERICUS says, "An able charge has been recently delivered to the Clergy of the Diocese of Hereford by Mr. Archdeacon Wetherell on the subject of Church repairs. With one item I was particularly struck, and think that it has so important a bearing upon a very common act of barbarism in the repairs of our Churches, that it ought to be generally known. Every man of taste feels, that to deprive a Gothic window of its mullions and tracery, is to spoil it, by making a mere pigeon hole of the orifice. The Archdeacon observed, that under decay of the mullions it was very common for a carpenter to substitute mere oaken uprights; whereas by obtaining only some free-stone, a monumental sculptor could easily supply new mullions in fac simile. He accordingly recommends the Clergy to use their utmost exertions to prevent disfigurement of the Churches, in the particular alluded to, and all others (as far as circumstances permit) which imply unseemly and irrelevant iund vations. In my own case, I can attest that I stopped the insertion of a common wooden frame in a window of my own Church, and caused a suitable one of Gothic mullions, accordant with the other windows in pattern, to be put up; and that it was well executed by a tomb-stone carver for the humble sum of two guineas." Various paragraphs having appeared in some daily Journals relative to the Articles of Enquiry sent by direction of the Bishop of London to the Churchwardens of each parish within the Diocese, previous to the Visit tion which he has lately holden; we think it but justice to his Lordship to state, that we are informed upon good authority that such Articles are invariably sent to Churchwardens previons to every Visitation, in conformity with the 119th Canon, and that those now used are (with the exception of some few omissions) the same as the Articles issued by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and which were drawn up by two most eminent civilians. MISS TATE'S ALMS-HOUSES AT MITCHAM (of which we gave a view in part i. p. 201) were endowed by Miss Tate, for widows or unmarried women of respectable character, and members of the Church of England. It is necessary that the women shall have a legal settlement at Mitcham, and they should have resided there five years; be fifty years old or upwards; and not have received parochial relief within five years of their admission. There is no allowance for fuel, nor any beyond three shillings a week. The present trustees are the Vicar, the Rev. J. H. Mapleton, Sir J. W. Lubbock, Bart. G. M. Hoare, esq. and W. Simpson, esq.; but Miss Tate has reserved the appointment of the women during her own life. 115, By the libe Mr. MADDEN informs 66 rality of Mr. Hamper, the trustees of the British Museum are now in possession of another impression of the Evesham seal, which supplies the deficiencies of the one noticed by me in your Magazine. The words "ANT WAS SWON," (see Part i. pp. 310, 392.) are here so clear, as to leave no doubt as to the propriety of the legend, which, I think, may now be consigned to futurity, without apprehension of attracting any further commentaries on it." In answer to the inquiry of ECLECTICUS, we beg to state, that the passage quoted by the Reviewer of Moore's Life of Byron, p. 150, is taken from a volume of posthumous Sermons by the Rev. Dr. James Lindsay, of Bow, a volume distinguished for the elegance of its style and for the elevated tone of its piety. We believe it was printed by subscription. A YORKSHIRE COLLECTOR states, "It must gratify every collector of Topography to be informed, that two plates were published of the Scaffolding employed to restore Beverley Minister to its perpendicular (see part p. 520) they are folio size, Thoruton inv. Geldart del. Fourdrinier sculp. May 17, 1739. One is a View of the north front of the great Cross Isle, which overhung four feet beyond its base, and was brought back into its place by means of the timber frame here described.' The other is a Section of the Trusses and Building. When the trusses were fixed on both sides, the wall was cut to the centre, level with the base of the said trusses, that it might give way upon the raising the whole machinery, and so come into its place; and was in the mean time supported by several wedges, which were gradually taken out as the building came back into its place. The prints very satisfactorily explain the nature of the machinery used, which has always been much admired as a most ingenious contrivance." THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. JULY, 1830. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. NOTICES OF THE ANCIENT KINGDOM OF YLLI IN BRITANNY. set at rest. The words of Ingomar, as quoted by Dom Morice, appear to point out the situation of Ylli, if they can be satis factorily explained. He says, that King Ausochus, dwelt in capite lit toris magni, à parte occidentali, in ribu Lysia, in commendatione Ylli. In medieval Latin, commendatio means government or custody, answering to the Breton word Quemenet; and Quemenet Ylli, was actually the name of a canton of Lower Britanny, in the district of Leon, or northern part of the present department of Finisterre. This country contained a bishopric and two subordinate dioceses, or archidiaconates, namely Ach (Lat. Aginense), and Quemenet-Yili. The chief place of this latter division was Tregarantec, or Charity's home,t so called because the inhabitants of Pleudiher found refuge there, at the time of a raging epidemic. It is about five leagues *Notice sur le Royaume d'Ylli. 18mo. Pp. 10. Printed for Duchesne, at Rennes. †M. Miorcec renders this word trève de la charité, I should conceive erroneously. I have given the Welsh, or more ancient meaning of the word. N. E. of Brest, and a part of it still bears the name of Lysien, above mentioned. So that the palace of king Ausochus may be safely placed at Tregarantec. The kingdom of Ylli contained only seventeen villages, in the time of Clerod, a valiant monarch, who is said to have been twice crowned with a cap of wreathed laurel. He had three sons, each of whom had a remarkable impression on the right shoulder; the eldest a bow, the second a spear's head, and the third a sword; which denoted their military renown. They bore this motto on their shields, Carantez e peb amser, e peb hænt lealdet. Charity at all times, Honour in every way. Clerod was succeeded by his grandson Hilpertit, or the Gloomy. After him reigned his son Ausoch, who is known in history as the father of the beautiful Pradell or Pritell. During his absence at a neighbouring court, it happened that Judual, Prince of Dumnonia,† who had lost his way in hunting, arrived at the palace. He was struck with the charms of the princess, and the same night he saw her image in a dream, surrounded with weapons of war. The omen might betoken that the lady's hand must be sought in perils and enterprises; but the lover did not despair; he consulted the bard and prophet Tholosin, son of Onis, who dwelt in the peninsula of Rhuis; by whom he was told, that the issue of the marriage would be a warlike son. Encouraged by this explanation, he demanded and obtained the hand of the Princess: their marriage is placed in * Pridd, adj. precious, Welsh Dict. + The North-Eastern part of Britany; Mr. Turner considers it as the refuge of the exiles from Devonshire. 1 Opposite Quiberon, on the southern coast of Britanny. An Abbey was dedicated there to St. Gildas. Judual died about 620. His son and successor was the celebrated Judicail, whom tradition represents as a match for the stoutest antagonist when a boy, but who shines in history as a very amiable character. He married Moron, daughter of Even, King of Ach. One of his sons, named Arnec, was bishop of the little diocese. It seems that he resigned it in favour of St. Vigan, his neighbour. The legend says, that he promised him as much territory as he could traverse, while he himself was asleep. Arnec betook himself to slumber, and Vigan mounted his horse; but it was on the steeple of St. Eloi, between Landerneau and Lesneven; and taking a spring from thence, he traversed the whole of the diocese in the air before Arnec awoke, and it was accordingly ceded to him. The kingdom appears to have reverted to temporal princes, for Argan, or Arastan, reigned in the time of Charlemagne. (It might be an apanage.) This prince accompanied Charles in his expeditions, was distinguished as a soldier, and fell at Roncevaux in 778.+ His exploits were a favourite theme of the Breton Troubadours. His successor was Prinitis, of whom nothing is recorded, or indeed of any later sovereign. It has escaped the keen antiquary of Les Tourelles, that Ylli is a word meaning a division, or something parted off. It is natural to suppose that this little kingdom had been detached from some other, and thence obtained its name. Too insignificant to be an object of cupidity, and no larger than an English nobleman's * See Mr. Turner's sketch of Breton history, in the first and fourth editions of his History of the Anglo Saxons. + M. Miorcec adds, "Le Tasse l'a célébré dans la Jérusalem. Il a extrait ce qu'il en dit de l'archevêque Turpin, contemporain d'Argan." - Yll. s. m. that tends to part. Yllt, a rent. Welsh Dict. Lysien has a similar signification:-Llys, s. m. that separates. property, it may have experienced more happiness than larger states, where kings can only see with the eyes of ministers. That it should have remained unconquered in those turbulent times, supposes patriotism in the inhabitants, affection towards their chiefs, and a propitious course of circumstances. The name of Tregaranlec speaks highly for the character of the people, and is no trivial instance of the value of etymology in corroborating history. It is possible that a diligent search of the early Welsh Bards may throw some light on the events of this interesting little kingdom, or on the names of its princes. CYDWELI. Bern and the Wye, I have often EING resident between the Se observed the injury and inconvenience sustained by the neighbourhood, for want of a bridge over the Severn at Newnham; travellers in carriages being compelled to go round either by Gloucester or the Old Passage, from twenty or more miles out of their way, if their direction be the opposite populous country, and the parts beyond. I have therefore collected, for the information of my neighbours, various matters concerning bridges, which I think it may be amusing and useful to lay before the public, as they do not apply to a particular case only. It is well known that the erection of bridges has become so exceedingly expensive, and so accompanied with heavy loss to the shareholders, that a virtual prohibition exists to the increase of such conveniences, except at the public cost. Nevertheless, I beg to premise, that I am not such a Vandal as to object to stone bridges, chain bridges, or any best things, where they can be afforded; only that where they cannot be afforded, expense is not to be doctrinal against convenience; stones and mortar against ten per cent.; facility of communication, which augments commerce and the value of estates, against mere outside show. But more money gained will cause money to be spent. The country, which has exhibited the best modes of en countering the difficulty is America; and though many of their expedients are too rude for adoption here, yet. there are others which merit attention. In the first place, then, I would ob serve, that there does already exist a ferry at Newnham; and that such ferry may be made to answer every purpose of a bridge (except, perhaps, when the Boar of Hygre, i.e. the tide, is pouring in) by the following simple means; and I beg it to be recollected, that I shall say nothing without authority. "At Philadelphia, the finest object is the river Delaware, and its opposite shore, about half a mile across, with a little island in the middle of it. Steam and team boats are continually crossing and recrossing. They are double boats, or two placed side by side, the paddles working between with a deck across both, to take waggons, carriages, &c. You may drive into them seated in any vehicle, and out on the opposite side on coming to shore, without the least danger. A large bell is rang every time they make the shore, stop about ten minutes, ring again, and off."-Pickering's Emigration, p. 28. That a similar expedient might be here adopted, is beyond doubt, because a raft conveys a stage-coach without anhorsing or unloading, across an estuary in or near Arundel in Sussex, and was contrived by the coach-proprietor, because a bridge was refused. The raft was towed by a chain and windlass, but as the rope or chain, (not necessarily so, though troublesome) might impede the navigation of the river, it would be objectionable at Newnham. To the double-boat described above, no such impediment exists. The paddles might be worked by a man in each boat, and simple machinery; and quays or causeways of differing heights and extents might be thrown out on both shores, to meet the changeable elerations of the tide. The next economical substitute would be a wooden bridge, with a drawbridge in the centre, for vessels to pass, as at Amsterdam, and but lately at Weymouth. But stone bridges are by far the best. Undoubtedly; but there is a wide difference in cost between a crown and a pound. Wooden bridges, (expense is the question), do not cost more than one fourth of stone ones, are the only bridges across wide rivers which pay good interest of money, may be made picturesque and beautiful. Now for the proofs: and "A stone bridge was first meditated at Chelsea; but the estimate given in was 83,000. The proprietors, alarmed at the expense, erected a wooden one for about 20,000l. The concern now amply remunerates 5 them; whereas, had it been built with stone, it would not even now produce an interest of more than 24 per cent."-Faulkner's Chelsea, i. 33. I have heard that the wooden bridge at Putney pays ten per cent., and that the shareholders a few years ago wisely resisted the conversion of it into stone, because, as public convenience was served without it, they saw no reason why their private property was to suffer for the sake of a good job. "But ugliness is avoidable, for Colonel By has erected a beautiful wooden frame bridge over the Big Kettle in Canada.”—Mac Taggart's Canada, i. 347. Of the hopeless proceeds of stone and iron bridges, the following table, taken from your Magazine for May, 1830, p. 479, tells a melancholy tale Price of Div. per ann. If Government would make a donation of timber from the neighbouring forest of Dean, the expense of wooden bridge at Newnham would be very considerably reduced. The indispensable expense of a chain bridge has been very Mr. MacTaggart, a government engimuch exaggerated; neer, said, "A chain bridge to stretch across the St. Lawrence, from Cape Diamond to Point Levi, a distance of more than a mile, where the current is strong and water deep, seems no easy task, yet it might be performed. The chain bridge would require five floating piers, and these may be so constructed and so anchored that even the heaviest drift ice rushing before a flood would not be able to sweep them away. The expeuse attending such an undertaking, considering contingencies, might probably amount to 40,000l.; nothing less, at least, could possibly answer."-MacTaggart's Canada, Vol. i. p. 315. Now, the breadth of the water way at Newnham in full tide is, according to a trigonometrical admeasurement, 560 yards, and, of course, but the third of a mile and eighty yards over. Divide 40,000l. by 3, and upon Mr. MacTaggart's estimate, a bridge could be built across the Severn at Newnham for 13,330. Two, or at most three, piers would be enough. But the most appalling circumstance |