transaction I am about to relate in his own words took pla when he was entering the gates. "Along with my furniture says he, "I had a trunk containing wearing-apparel and tw pocket-pistols. The latter, I knew, were prohibited, and mad the agent employed to pass the articles acquainted with th dilemma, which he heartily laughed at,-by way, I suppos of having a bone to pick. 'Leave the matter to me,' said h adding, the officials must be recompensed, you know.' Tha of course; and, to be reasonable, he inquired if I would giv three dollars, for which sum he would guarantee their safety I consented to this in preference to losing them, or bein obliged to send them out of the country. Notwithstanding the agent's assurance, I felt naturally anxious at the bareface transaction, which was coolly gone about. When the trun should have been examined, the attention of the officials wa voluntarily directed to some other article, while the agent' porters turned the trunk upside down, chalked it, and replied to the query, that it had been examined, and was not even opened which the officials well knew, and for the consideration of three dollars they betrayed trust. The trunk might have contained jewellery, or even screw-nails,-both pay a high duty. The latter especially, being made at Tivoli, are prohibited, or admitted at the prohibitive duty of twenty-five baiocchi the Roman pound,-sufficient to illustrate what might have been the result of this transaction in a mercantile point of view, not to speak of the opportunity afforded for introducing the Bible. The officials are all indifferently remunerated, and thus do business for themselves at the cost of the Government. They are also very incapable for the discharge of their duty. For example, the Governor of the custom-house seriously asked me, preparatory to making a declaration for a steam

, whether it was made of wood or of iron. The boiler ot before him; but the idea of a steam-boiler of wood the lips of the Governor of a custom-house was asing.

Books of all kinds are taken to the land custom-house, the Revisore is stationed for books alone. The Revisore s English tolerably well."

CHAPTER XXV.

INFLUENCE OF ROMANISM ON TRADE- -(CONTINUED).

Why does the Church systematically discourage Trade?-Railwa Much needed-Church opposes them-Could not a man take a journ twenty or two hundred miles and be a good Catholic?-Motion is Lib -Motion contributed to overthrow the Serfdom of the Middle Ag Popes understand the connection between Motion and Libertymans chained to the Soil-Gregory XVI. and the Iron-bridge-Ga Rome-Spread of the Malaria-The Pontine Marshes-Neglect Soil-Number of Paupers-How the Church prevents the Cultiva of the Campagna-Church Lands in England and Scotland-The which Italy pays for the Papacy-Whether would the old Roman man or an old Scotch Woman make the better Ruler?

LET us pause here, and inquire into the cause of this most plorable state of matters. Is not the Papal Government n nifestly sacrificing its own interests? Would it not be better itself were Italy covered with a prosperous agriculture and flourishing trade? Were its cities filled with looms and forg would not its people have more money to spend on masses a absolutions? and, instead of the Government subsisting foreign loans, and being always on the eve of bankruptcy, might fill its exchequer from the vast resources of the countr and have, moreover, the pleasure of seeing around it a prospe ous and happy people.

This is all very true. None knows better the value of oney than Rome; but she knows, too, the infinite hazard acquiring it in the way of allowing trade and industry to ter the Papal States. Indeed, to do so would be to record ntence of banishment against herself. Every one must have marked the difference betwixt the artizan of Birmingham d the peasant of Ireland. They seem to belong to two fferent races of men almost. The former is employed in aking a certain piece of mechanism, or in superintending s working. He is compelled to calculate, to trace effects to eir causes, and to study the relations of the various parts efore him to the whole. In short, he is taught to think; nd that thinking power he applies to all other subjects. is habits of life teach him to ask for reasons, and to accept E opinions only on evidence. The mind of the latter lies dead. Were Italy filled with a race of men like the first, the papacy ould not live a day. Were trade, and machinery, and wealth come in, the torpor of Italy would be broken up; anderrible event to the papacy!-mind would awaken. What nough the Pope reigns over a wasted land and a nation of eggars? he does reign; he counts for a European sovereign; nd his system continues to exist as a power. As men in hipwreck throw overboard food, jewels, all, to save life, so Romanism has thrown all overboard to save itself. Nothing ould be a stronger proof of this than the fact that, as the ffects and benefits of trade become the more developed, the pontifical Government tightens its restrictions. The note of Antonelli, the present ruling spirit of the papacy, was the most prohibitive ever framed against the introduction of iron, n other words, of civilization. This is the price which Italy must pay for the Pope and his religion. She cannot participate in the advantages of foreign trade; she cannot enjoy the

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facilities and improvements of modern times; because,

She mus

she to enjoy these, she would lose the papacy. content to remain in the barbarism of the middle ages, cov with that moral malaria which has smitten all things in doomed land, and under the influence of which, the cities, earth itself, and man, for whom it was made, are all sinl into one common ruin.*

We have yet other illustrations of the pestiferous influe of Romanism on the temporal happiness of its subjects. have already alluded to the determined manner in which Pontifical Government has hitherto withstood the introduct of railways. And yet, if there be a country in Europe wh railways are indispensable, it is the Papal States. The ro in the territory blessed by the Government of Christ's vi are more like canals than roads, with this difference, that th is too little water in them for floating a boat, and far much for comfortable travelling. Besides, they are infes by brigands, whose pursuit a railway might enable you to tance. But a railway the subjects of the Pontifical Gove ment cannot have. And why?

One would think that the mere mode of conveyance is very harmless affair. What is it to the Pontifical Gover ment whether the peasant of the Alban hills, or the citizen Bologna, or the merchant of Ancona, visit Rome on foot, or his waggon, or by rail? Is he not the same man? Will ride convert him into a heretic, or shake his faith in Peter's su cessor? or will the laying down of a few miles of railro

* I have before me a list of prices current (Prezzo Corrente Legale generi venduti nella piazza di Roma dal di 28 Febbraro al di 5 Marzo 185 from which it appears, that sculpture, paintings, tallow, bones, ski rags, and pozzolano, comprise all the exports from the Papal States. W a beggarly list, compared with the natural riches of the country! In fa vessels return oftener without than with lading from that shore.