life and death. The human angelical desire standeth in the centre of the eternal nature, which is without beginning, and wherein it kindleth itself, whether in good or in evil, it accomplisheth its work in that."

NOTE. An increase of happiness comes to man, when his state of regeneration is such, that he can decompose the air in which he lives, and hold in solution and precipitation just that which is suitable to his active and passive existence. J. P. G.

From his own manuscript records it is not easy to select passages, which should raise in the reader's mind those glowing sensations and kindling sensibilities, those superrational convictions of a supreme inliving love-power, which his own peculiar emphasis and the flash from his singularly bright eye were almost sure to effect. Every hearer felt that those penetrating orbs were not employed to scan body, but were as well inlets as outlets to soul. Each became more or less conscious that he was seen. His presence was not an ordinary event. Neither his word nor his mere company could pass for nothing. His entrance into a party, how numerous soever, was acknowledged in an actual sympathy, if not in words. There needed not the science of phrenology to impress the beholder with the fact, that the exalted head, the towering, expansive brow denoted a being of unusual character. could so benign a mouth, so well rounded a chin, and a nose of fair dimensions, slightly Roman or aquiline, require a Lavater to assure us that a heart was there, not cast in the every-day mould for every-day traffic. He was indeed formed for the manifestation of love in the deepest sense, and had there not been born in him a profound consciousness of universal duty, which transcended all thought of individual affection, his friendships alone would have rendered him an associate of the most attractive kind.

Nor

We require of such a being that he should be robed. He carries us inward to that ideal which we see represented outwardly in the Grecian statue. The plain blue coat and vulgar neckerchief do not satisfy our notion of external propriety. And when in Mr. Greaves these mental indications exist in companionship with a robust frame, of goodly height, the impression produced on the auditory when he rose, at the close of the conversations held at his house, to

sum up the sentiments expressed during the evening, and to bind them in one offering to the Spirit, which is by true seeking to be found in every bosom, could only be enhanced by those delicious tones, trembling occasionally on the verge of treble, and those deep aspirations which all must feel were true indications of the soul's more real ardency.

Amongst the publications issued by him, and which were either wholly written by him, or consisting of his closer manuscripts a little amplified or diluted by some literary coadjutor, were two small volumes; one entitled, "Three hundred Maxims for the consideration of Parents," and the other, "Physical and Metaphysical Hints for Every Body." The former has found a rather extensive circulation, as it was written in a mode appealing to, and calculated to reach the mother's heart. It afterwards arrived at a second edition, besides the approval of an American reprint, under the title, "Thoughts on Spiritual Culture," with some additional matter. A larger volume was also presented to the world in the year 1827, consisting of Pestalozzi's Letters to himself, agreeably translated from the German by Dr. Worms, but not with that strict fidelity which they deserved. It is a feeling with some literary men, that it is their duty rather to write down to the supposed position of the public, than to adhere as strictly as possible to the high truths given them to utter. The latter only is the faithful and dutiful course; for the greatest breach in faith. is manifested in the supposition, that what is spoken from the depths of the sincere mind will not be heard in a corresponding manner.

The great design in these efforts was to reawaken in the public mind the fact, that man must not only believe, not only be convinced, but feel with the same certitude with which he feels his own existence; that there is one universal love-truth, which is the same to all individuals, at all times, in all places, and under all circumstances. That man must feel that this love-truth is not a dead word, nor a thought to be defined, or described, or expressed in dead words, but that it is the ONE living SPIRIT manifesting itself in all things; in the works of nature, in the clear thoughts, in the noble sensations of the human soul. That man must feel this living Love-Spirit has an abode within, and that

if he be but humble enough to lay before it his own errors and his own miseries, it will dash to the ground, in him and through him, all the errors and miseries of the world around, and open to his view the prospect of that perfect order and harmony, wherein the complaining voice of rebellion and selfishness is no more heard. To an aim so lofty, so generous as this, neither a ready nor a general echo could be expected. It is sufficient, however, to know, that seeds were thus scattered, which afterwards sprung up in divers places; or, to use a more appropriate figure, an atmosphere was thus produced, favorable to the awakening in man of that Divine Spirit which so long had slept.

The incidents pertaining to a life so devoted cannot vary materially from each other. Where there is not a vulgar ambition for power or fame, a love of wealth or desire for martyrdom, even the ordinary intuitions of the love-spirit, how faint soever they are, by human clamor, allowed to be, will preserve an individual of great endowments from those actions, which hitherto have claimed the larger share of the historical reader's attention. The peace of heart and soul, which surpasseth all understanding, is not of a kind to thrust individuals into those predicaments, in which an eminence of doubtful renown is achieved at the cost of permanent virtue. This peacefulness was at all events too conscious and too copious in Mr. Greaves, to permit him to wander for one moment from the peaceful and peacemaking path. Few outward varieties therefore shall we be able to remark in his career. In all countries, at all times, amongst all people, there is almost the same difficulty in obtaining from the greater number admission for expression of the highest truth, when it is urged to conforming action, as there is a ready recipiency by the few. Accordingly it was generally Mr. Greaves's fate to be vehemently opposed, or most cordially beloved. So decided a mind could not possibly stand in neutral relationship to any. The power and practice of penetrating, through all films of words and sophistications of logic, to the very centre of thought and will, cannot, under any circumstances, fail of such results.

When at the universities of Basle and Tubingen, in the course of his German tour, in or about the year 1822, he undertook to give to such students as might feel disposed

to accept them, lessons in the English language, his almost entire ignorance of the German tongue did not frustrate, nor for one moment obstruct this design. At the former place he is, from his own verbal report, understood to have collected around him about fifty young men, amongst whom was the since celebrated Strauss, and other eminent minds, who have never forgotten the animating questions to which he called upon them to reply. For his method did not consist in the tiresome and almost vain effort to load upon the memory the equivalent word in another language, for the things or facts already known in our own, but first to awaken or develop the idea in the mind, and then let the idea take up or expand itself into the suitable expression. His interrogations, therefore, were not calculated to draw forth answers from his pupils which they could adopt, on mechanical principles, from their printed grammars and wordbooks. Nor were they limited to the physical substances present before their outward eyes, which he used as introductions and illustrations to those psychical facts it was his aim to open to their own interior consciousThe facts of and in their own life, the very law in their being, it was his aim to render evident to them, and language as the highest, or one of the highest, expressional modes, was merely the avenue to this greater end.

ness.

The vivacity, the interest, the love for the teacher and the pursuit, manifested in this class, as contrasted with the heavy and method-bound systems of formal teaching, could not fail to draw the attention of the authorities; and inquiries were privately made by the timorous government, and we believe were, in the first instance, or as far as the scholastic professors were concerned, satisfactorily answered. Although the practitioners in any art are not usually those who introduce new improvements into it, yet at least they are not unfrequently passive or friendly to progressive movements when adventured by others. But a fixed order, in which the highest good is conceived to be the rigid maintenance of everything as it exists, is not able to tolerate inquiry, much less innovation. In this instance it was felt, that the newly animated seed was too certain to expand; throughout Germany there were then too many soul-stirring elements in the moral atmosphere to permit another and a better to be added; and the man of

peace and love was advised to withdraw to some more accepting sphere.

While the external events in such a career are scanty, the internal experience is as eminently abundant. There are individuals who can travel round the world, encountering many things and really seeing nothing, and some who, remaining geographically unmoved, become acquainted with all things. There is a France, a Germany, a Rome, an India in the soul, which must be intravelled and introspected. At this period there was not perhaps a mental position in which one could be placed for this mental voyage better than Pestalozzi's establishment. Not because there were to be found there pupils or observers from every country in Europe, but because the congregation of free minds in a pure and noble purpose generates a state of things outward and inward, a physical order and a moral atmosphere which no where and no how can be constituted by a solitary one, though the most potent measure of love be his.

The intercourse between Pestalozzi and Greaves, we have before remarked, was not by means of that ofttimes equivocal instrument the tongue. The latter was wont to describe it by the term magnetic, as being above all ordinary influences by sympathy or talent. Indeed, Pestalozzi's whole life and conduct, at this period, was of this high character. He would salute Mr. Greaves each morning, as is somewhat customary in the country, by a kiss, and he not only felt but declared that of all the persons, either native or foreign, who came to witness his proceedings, none understood them so well, none appreciated him so truly as Greaves. It may not be too much to say that the latter was the more profound.

Pestalozzi's absence of mind, (for so, in default of better and affirmative terms, the super-sensuous life must be spoken of,) has frequently been reported. Mr. Greaves was scarcely more attentive to outward things; but as it fell to him to be the exponent, as far as words can accomplish it, of Pestalozzi's principles, to all the Englishmen who came to the establishment, he had frequently to explain, as best he could, the reason why the leader was so very negligent in dress and the usual external proprieties. So difficult was it, however, to withdraw his attention from deeper things,