Elements of Mental Philosophy

150 Use of symbols in mathematics. 151. Language answers
the purpose of symbols. 152. Its use. 153. Its relation
to things as general and particular. 154. As causes and
states or effects. 155. Two independent modes of thinking.
156. Exact correspondence of language to thoughts.
157. Disadvantages of the use of language in thinking.
158. Association of thoughts and words.

CHAPTER XI.

THEORY OF COMMON AND PROPER NAMES, AND OF IDEAS OF SPECIES

AND GENERA.
112

159. Nature of language. 160. Common qualities and names.

161. States and actions of subjects. 162. Origin of Com-

mon names. 163. Properties which are the foundation of

common names. 164. Constitution of genera and species.

165. Nature of ideas, of genera and species.

CHAPTER XII.

NATURE AND VARIETIES OF MEMORY.

166. Nature of memory. 167. Ideas of memory. 168. Rela-

tion of memory to the sciences and arts. 169. Qualities of

memory. 170. Relations of memory to reason, and its use.

171. Superior memory an accompaniment of superior pow-

ers of reasoning. 172. Examples of men remarkable for

memories. 173. Memory in a future state. 174. Culti-

vation of memory. 175. Dependence of memory on health

176. General dependence of the intellectual pow-

177. Mnemonics 178. Attainment of recollections. 179. Com-

mitting to memory. 180. Identity of ideas of memory with

those of perception and judgment, and laws of memory.

181. Office of memory. 182. Suggestion of previous ideas

by objects to which they relate. 183. Suggestion of co-ex-

isting ideas. 184. Example of this in committing discourses

to memory. 185. Influence of coexistence, how counteract

ed; succession of ideas. 186. Utility of suggestion on

the principle of co-existence. 187. Suggestion of ideas

which have some elements in common with the suggesting

idea. 189. Effect of emotions. 190. Recollection of fa-

miliar objects. 191. Prevention of recollection by other

mental exercises. 192. Effect of systematic arrangement.

103. Improvement of memory. 194. Acquisition of the

118

125

art of recollection by children. Exercise of memory in
learning languages. 196. Supposed faculty of language.

CHAPTER XIV.

NATURE AND OFFICE OF IMAGINATION.

197. Nature of imagination. 198. Its relation to the category
of possibility. Erroneous conception of it. 199. Generic
orders of imaginations. 200. Conditionality of imaginations.
201. Works of imagination are works of judgment. 202. Co-
existence of imaginations and judgments, and their similar
origin. 203. Exercises of imagination, how impeded and
how promoted. 204. Distinctness of conception in imagi-
nation, how attained; dreams. 205. Use of imagination in
completing conceptions and judgments. 206. Symbolical
nature of imaginations, and their relation to realities.
207. Fancy. 208. Use of imagination in history. 209. Per-
fection of historical ideas by imagination.

CHAPTER XV.

135

NATURE OF POETRY AND OTHER WORKS OF IMAGINATION. 145

210. Use of imagination in poetry, with examples. 211. Great
imaginations attendant on great reasoning powers; Milton.
212. Exercise of reason in forming the plan of Paradise
Lost; and in executing it, with examples. 213. Nature of
Paradise Lost and end of all poetry. 214. Nature of novels.
216. Cervantes and Don Quixotte. 216. Walter Scott.
217. Waverly, and other novels.

CHAPTER XVI.

GENERAL PURPOSES OF THE IMAGINATION.

218. Use of fiction by the Savior, and universal interest in it.

219. Supposed decline of the imagination in modern times.

220. Her actual superiority and increasing power. 221. Re-

lations of the imagination to the affections. 222. Addi-

tions to our judgment ideas from imagination, and its effect.

223. Dependence of all the higher affections on the imagi-

tion. 224. Perversions of the imagination. 225. Exercise

of imagination in superstition. 226. Despotism of a disor-

dered imagination. 227. Education of the imagination.

228. The lively imagination of children, and the imperfect

development of this faculty in later years. 229. Use of

imagination in aiding our conceptions of the past and future.

230. General purpose of imagination. 231. Great and no-

ble characters possess powerful imaginations. 232. Improve-

ment of imagination.

CHAPTER XVII.

NATURE AND PURPOSES OF REASONING.

233. Art of reasoning. 234. Analytical and synthetical rea-

soning. 235. Principles common to all reasoning. Errors.

153

162

236. Rights of private judgment. 237. Capacity to judge

correctly.

CHAPTER XVIII

ANALYTICAL REASONING.

238. Reasoning from general truths. 239. Logical terms.

240. Quantity of terms. 241. Use of terms. 242. Defini-

tions. 243. Definable nature of all terms. 244. Definite

use of terms. 245. Propositions. 246. Quantity and mo-

dality of propositions. 347. Comparison of terms and pro-

positions. 248. Division of propositions into premises and

conclusions. 249. Nature and object of syllogisms. 250. De-
finition and analysis of syllogisms. 252. Syllogisms, with
but one premise expressed. 258. Drawing conclusions not
in agreement with the premises. 254. Error of reducing
all reasoning to the analytical form. 255. Use of analyti-
cal reasoning. 267. Principal fallacies or sophisms. 258. Üse
of the minor premise in syllogisms.

CHAPTER XIX.

MATHEMATICAL REASONING.

259. Reasoning concerning quantity. 260. Nature of quanti-

ty. 261. Principal department of reasoning concerning

quantity. 262. Use of symbols in mathematical reasoning.

564. In mathematical reasoning no use is made of major or

minor premises. 265. Nature of conclusions. 266. Pro-

positions and demonstrations. 268. Written demonstra-

tions. 270. Original mathematical reasoning. 271. Rea-

soning with symbols without any definite conception of the

quantities which they represent. 272. Theory of this.

273. General admission of mathematical conclusions.