21,000 Scotch invade England; 1644, defeat of Prince Rupert at Marston Moor; "The Self-denying Ordinance;" execution of Laud. 1645. Fruitless treaty of Uxbridge; Cromwell and Fairfax improve the discipline of the parliamentary army. 1646. Battles of Naseby and Philiphaugh; Charles takes refuge in Scotland; is sold by the Scots to parliament for £400,000. 1647. The king seized by the army; he is brought to trial by a “ High Court of Justice," and executed, January 30, 1649; monarchy abolished. 1649. The Commonwealth; the Royalists in Ireland reduced by Cromwell; the Scots proclaim Charles II.; 1650, defeat of Montrose; he is taken and hanged; Charles lands in Scotland, and professes adhesion to the Covenant; victory of Cromwell at Dunbar; 1651, Charles enters England; is defeated by Cromwell at Worcester; escapes to France. 1652. Naval war with Holland; victories of Blake. 1653. Long Parliament dissolved by Cromwell; Barebone's parliament assembles; resigns its power to Cromwell in five months; "Instrument of Government" drawn up. 1654. Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the three kingdoms. 1654. Peace with Holland; a new parliament, which sits only five months. 1655. Royalist conspiracies crushed; England divided into twelve districts, under military government; war with Spain; Jamaica conquered; Blake captures the Plate fleets, at Cadiz and Santa Cruz; 1657, increase of the Protector's power; the crown offered to him and refused; Dunkirk taken. 1658. Death of Cromwell; his son Richard succeeds him; summons a parliament. 1659, cabal of officers at Wallingford House; Richard resigns. 1659. The Long Parliament re-assembles; is expelled by the army; committee of safety elected. 1660. MONK marches to London, summons the Convention Parliament; MONARCHY RESTORED. 1660. Charles II. king; Act of Indemnity; the regicides and some others are excluded; the army disbanded; earl of Clarendon lord-chancellor; dissolution of the Convention Parliament. 66 1661. New parliament summoned; alliance with Portugal; 1662, Corporation Act"-" Act of Uniformity," by which 2,000 ministers are ejected from their livings; the king marries Catherine of Portugal; Dunkirk is sold to France. 1664. Conventicle Act; war with Holland; great plague of London; 1665, great fire of London. 1667. The Dutch enter the Thames, and burn the shipping; impeachment and exile of Clarendon. 1668. Triple League; persecution of the Covenanters. 1670. Secret alliance of Charles with France; the "Cabal" ministry; 1672, Exchequer shut; declaration of indulgence, against which the Commons remonstrate; 1673, Test Act passed. 1674. Peace with Holland; 1677, marriage of the Princess Mary with the prince of Orange. MOUNTAIN SYSTEM OF EUROPE. Names of THE ALPS THE PYRENEES THE CARPATHIANS, ок Lomnitz 8,779 Extend from the Mediterranean Sea Pic Nethou 11,168 to the Bay of Biscay, forming a (Maladetta) natural barrier between France and Spain; but, as commonly understood, the chain is confined to between lat. 42° 10′ and 43° 20′ N., and long. 3° 20' E., to 1° 40′ W., or from Cape Creus to Bayonne. Constitute the N.E. portion of the mountain system of S. Europe, extending in a curve from the Danube, at Presburg, to the borders of Silesia, between Galicia and Hungary, Transylvania and Walachia, terminating at Orsova in the Banat. MOUNTAINS The mountains of this peninsula do not form any connected system. The principal chains in Turkey are, the Balkhan (ancient Hæmus) on the E.; the Despoto Dagh (ancient Rhodope) on the S.; and the Dinaric Alps, on the N.W. (M. Dinario, 5,700 feet.) KRAPACKS, OF TURKEY. OF GREECE. MOUNTAINS Mount Guiona, an E. offset of the THE APENNINES Tschar 10,000 Mount 8,239 Guiona Monte 9,523 THE SCANDINAVIAN SYSTEM. THE HESPERIAN SYSTEM The chain of mountains called the Snae Haten, 8,122 Is so called because it comprehends with the Sierra Nevada and its cul- Cerro 11,660 MOUNTAINS These form a large group in the S. Pic de Sancy 6,223 OF FRANCE. THE MOUNTAINS OF GERMANY part of the country. The E. portion, THE MOUNTAINS OF SCOTLAND. The chain of the Grampian mountains, Ben Nevis MOUNTAINS The mountains of Wales, or the OF ENGLAND MOUNTAINS In Ireland, the principal range of OF IRELAND. mountains extends across the south- 4,368 Snowdon 3,571 Hermon 11,030 El Burz 17,796 near the northern Konjakofski 5,397 Kamen MOUNTAIN SYSTEM OF ASIA. ANTI-LIBANUS Extend from N. to S. of Palestine; parallel to the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. CAUCASIAN On N. E. shores of Black Sea. EL BURZ MOUNTAINS HIMALAYA MOUNTAINS ALTAI MOUNTAINS. THE ROCKY MEXICAN TABLE-LAND borders of the Caspian Sea, through Siberia, to the Arctic Ocean; in long. 60° E. Traverse Persia S. of the Caspian Demavend 14,660 Extend from W. to E. in Northern India, and Thibet, intersected by In Northern Asia, between the Kunching- 28,176 MOUNTAIN SYSTEM OF AMERICA. Extend along the N. W. part of ALLEGHANY On the N. E. of North America, MOUNTAINS. SYSTEM OF CENTRAL AMERICA. extending from lat. 35° to 41° N. These extend from the Isthmus of Panama to Tehuantepec, forming three groups, and contain numerous active volcanoes. ANDES OF PARIMÉ AND SYSTEM. Ancomarca. 15,724 The great Cordillera of the Andes The Peak of 24,000 Sierra 10,000 Merida MOUNTAINS A series of parallel chains, with a Itacolumi 6,065 OF BRAZIL. mean elevation of 3,837 feet, extend and communicate with each other *The development of a stream embraces the windings of the principal channel and its tributaries. |