ONO'NIS*.

Linnean Class and Order. DIADE'LPHIA †, DECA'NDRIA. Natural Order. LEGUMINO'SE, Juss. Gen. Pl. p. 345.-Sm. Gram. of Bot. p. 174.-Lindl. Syn. p. 75. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 87.-Rich. by Macgilliv. p. 532.-Sm. Engl. Fl. v. iii. p. 259.-Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 509.-Don's Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 91.-LEGUMINA'CEA, Loudon's Arb. Brit. p. 561.PAPILIONA CEE‡, Linn.-ROSALES; sect. CICERINE; subsect. LOTIANE; type, LOTACEE; subtype, LOTIDE; Burn. Outl, of Bot. pp. 614, 638, 642, & 644.

GEN. CHAR. Calyx (fig. 1.) bell-shaped, in 5 rather deep, strap-shaped, pointed segments, the lower one the longest, and subtending the keel of the corolla. Corolla (fig. 2.) papilionaceous, of 5 petals; standard (vexillum) (fig. 4.) larger than the rest, striated, keeled and compressed at the back, depressed at the sides; wings (see figs. 3 & 5) inversely egg-shaped, about half the length of the standard; keel (see figs. 3 & 6.) of 2 converging petals, rather abrupt, pointed, a little longer than the wings. Filaments (see figs. 8 & 9.) 10, united into one cylinder, splitting along the upper edge. Anthers roundish. Germen (see fig. 8.) oblong. Style (see figs. 8 & 9.) cylindrical, ascending. Stigma small, blunt. Legume (fig. 10.) oblong-rhomboid, turgid, sessile, scarcely longer than the calyx, of 1 cell, and 2 rigid elastic valves (see fig. 11). Seeds (see figs. 11 & 12.) few, kidney-shaped, roughish.

The bell-shaped calyx, with 5 strap-shaped, pointed segments; the large striated standard; and the turgid, sessile, few-seeded legume; will distinguish this from other genera, with monadelphous stamens, in the same class and order.

Three species British.

ONO'NIS ANTIQUO'RUM. Ancient Rest-Harrow. Spiny RestHarrow. Ground Furze. Cammock. Petty Whin.

SPEC. CHAR. Stems nearly upright, spinous, with 1 or 2 separate rows of hairs. Lower leaves trifoliate, the rest simple; leaflets and leaves oblong, wedge-shaped, and entire towards the base. Flowers usually solitary. Lobes of the calyx shorter than the legume.

ONONIS ANTIQUORUM, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1006.-Willd. Sp. Pl. v. iii. pt. 11. p. 988.-Lindl. Syn. (2nd ed.) p. 322.-Ononis spinosa, Huds. Fl. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 312.-Mart. Fl. Rust. t. 129.-With. (7th ed.) v. iii. p. 832.-Lindl. Syn. (1st edit.) p. 78.-Sibth. Fl. Oxon. p. 220.-Abb. Fl. Bedf. p. 155.-Purt. Midl. Fl. v. i. p. 331.-Don's Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. ii. p. 161.-Ononis arvensis, var. B. Engl. Bot. t. 682.-Sm. Fl. Brit. v. ii. p. 758; Engl. Fl. v. iii. p. 267. Relh. Fl. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 290.-Winch's Fl. of Northumb. and Durham, p. 47.Walker's Fl. of Oxf. p. 205.-Hook. Brit. Fl. p. 320, in part; Fl. Scot. p. 212, in part. -Grev. Fl. Edin. p. 155, in part.-Fl. Devon. pp. 120 & 174, in part.Mack. Fl. Hibern. p. 76, in part.-O. arvensis, var. y. Gray's Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 596.-Anonis spinosa, flore purpureo, Ray's Syn. p. 332.-Anonis sive Resta bovis, Johnson's Gerarde, p. 1322.

Fig. 1. Calyx.-Fig. 2. Corolla.-Fig. 3. A Flower with the banner removed.Fig. 4. The Banner.-Fig. 5. One of the Wings.-Fig. 6. The Keel.-Fig. 7. The Stamens.-Figs. 8 & 9. The same, a little magnified.-Fig. 10. Legume.-Fig. 11. One Valve of the same.-Fig. 12. A Seed.

* From onos, Gr. an ass; because the plant is caten by that animal. HOOKER.

LOCALITIES.-In barren pastures, on hedge-banks, and by road-sides, on a sandy or marly soil.

Perennial.-Flowers from June to August.

Root woody, tough and strong. Stems nearly upright, round, woody, branched, reddish, leafy, usually smooth, or covered only with a short down, with the exception of a single or double line of, somewhat recurved, hairs down the young branches; these hairs, Mr. BENTHAM observes, are by no means constant, and are never so long as in the Ononis arvensis, but much more apparent, on account of the extreme shortness or total absence of the general down of the plant. Principal, as well as short lateral branches, terminating in a straight sharp spine. Leaves alternate, stalked, lower ones trifoliate, the rest simple, all elliptical, inclining to wedge-shaped; entire in their lower part; serrated towards the extremity; dark green, with a few scattered, short, glandular hairs. Stipulas variable in size, on luxuriant plants rather large, egg-shaped, toothed, slightly glandular, often hairy at the base, combined, clasping the stem. Flowers axillary, mostly solitary, on short stalks, large and handsome, of a bright rose-colour; sometimes white. Calyx slightly hairy, its teeth awl-shaped, unequal, permanent, enlarging as the fruit ripens. Standard (see fig. 4.) twice the size of the wings and keel. Legume (fig. 10.) obliquely rhomboid, partly hairy, a little longer than the lobes of the calyx. Seeds rough, with minute points.

Many authors have described this as a variety of Ononis arvensis, but Mr. BENTHAM, in some remarks upon these species, in the Supplement to English Botany, t. 2659, observes, that the erect kind, which is almost constantly spinous, is certainly the O. antiquorum of LINNAEUS, and ought therefore to retain that name. Of his spinosa," says Mr. BENTHAM, "there is no authentic specimen; but he appears to have first given that name to this plant (O. arvensis, E. B. t. 2659), and to have afterwards (Syst. Nat. ed. 12.) changed it to O. arvensis; and it is probably by mistake that MURRAY, in the 14th edition of the Systema Vegetabilium, inserted both O. arvensis and O. spinosa.” (Engl. Bot. Suppl. at t. 2659.

Dr. STOKES Observes, (With. Bot. Arr. 1st edit. v. ii. p. 444.) "Notwithstanding LINNAUS makes the thorny Rest-harrow only a variety of the other (O. arvensis), and from the observations of LOESEL, in the Flora Prussica, says it becomes thorny in the Autumn; yet with us they seem to be different species; they are seldom found together, and the Corn Rest-harrow without thorns, hath never been observed to become thorny."-Mr. WOODWARD informs us, that in the Autumn of 1779, he examined many hundreds of O. arvensis in the cornfields at Berkhamstead, Hertfordshire, without finding a single one with thorns, while in the neighbourhood of Bungay, Suffolk, he never found one without thorns in any season of the year, (With. 2nd ed. v. ii. p. 763.)-The Hon. LADY ARDEN has, for several years, observed that both the O. arvensis, (E. B. 1. 2659), and O. antiquorum, (E. B. t. 682.), retain their character both in a wild and cultivated state, and her Ladyship expresses her opinion, that the plants differ too widely to be of the same species; LoU DON'S Mag. Nat. Hist. v. viii. p. 636.

O. antiquorum occasionally occurs with a white flower. I have seen this variety on a common near the canal, about half a mile N. from Upper Heyford, Oxon; and also on the road-side between Southam and Dunchurch, Warwickshire; July 14, 1831.-Mr. JOHN SMITH, of Beaumont Buildings, Oxford, observed it near the Isis, between Sandford and Nuneham.

The more upright growth; spiny stems and branches; shorter pubescence; and the legume as long, or rather longer than the calyx, will distinguish this species from O. arvensis.

In the fourth edit, of" The British Flora," just published, Sir W. J. HOOKER has added the Ononis reclinata of LINNAUS to the British Flora, on the authority of Dr. GRAHAM, who found it, in considerable quantity, on a steep bank, close by the sea, 2 miles W. from Tarbert, Galloway, 1836.

1. Kufsell Del.

Conyza squarrosa. Ploughman's Spikenard. 8

Published by W Baxter, Botanic Garden. Oxford. 1838

W. Willes.so.

CONY ZA*.

Linnean Class and Order. SYNGENE SIAT, POLYGA'MIA, SUPERFLUA.

Natural Order. COMPO'SITES, tribe, CORYMBI'FERE, Juss. -Lindl. Syn. pp. 140 & 142.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 & 199.-Mack. Fl. Hibern. p. 142.-COMPO'SITE; subord. CARDUA CEE, Loud. Hort. Brit. pp. 520 & 521.-SYNANTHE'REÆ; tribe, CORYMBI FERE, Rich. by Macgill. pp. 454 & 455.-CORYMBIFERÆ, sect. 2. Juss. Gen. Pl. pp. 177 & 180.-Sm. Gram. of Bot. pp. 121 & 123.; Engl. Fl. v. iii. p. 334.-SYRINGALES; suborder, ASTEROSÆ; sect. ASTERINE; subsect. ASTERIANÆ; type, ASTERACEA; Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 900, 901, 920, 924, & 926.— COMPO'SITE, Linn.

GEN. CHAR. Involucrum (common calyx) roundish, imbricated; scales acute, rigid, with spreading prominent points, especially the outer ones. Corolla compound, discoid; florets tubular; those of the disk numerous, funnel-shaped, with 5 equal segments, perfect, all fertile (fig. 3.); those of the circumference without stamens, barren, slender, 3-toothed. Filaments (fig. 3.) 5, hair-like, very short. Anthers in a cylindrical tube. Germen (see fig. 3.) oblong. Style (see fig. 3.) thread-shaped, the length of the florets. Stigmas 2, spreading, more slender in the marginal florets. Seed-vessel none. Seed (fig. 4.) oblong. Pappus (see fig. 4.) simple, sessile, rough. Receptacle (see fig. 5.) naked.

The roundish, imbricated involucrum; the 3-toothed florets of the circumference; the rough pappus; and naked receptacle; will distinguish this from other genera, with a discoid corolla, in the same class and order.

One species British.

CONY ZA SQUARRO'SA. Rough Ploughman's Spikenard. Great Fleabane. Montpelier Fleabane.

SPEC. CHAR. Leaves downy, egg-spear-shaped, serrated, the upper ones entire. Stem herbaceous, corymbose. Scales of the involucrum recurved, leafy.

Engl. Bot. t. 1195.-Curt. Brit. Entomol. v. vi. t. 277.-Lin. Sp. Pl. p. 1205.Huds. Fl. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 363.-Willd. Sp. Pl. v. iii. pt. 111. p. 1918.-Sm. Fl. Brit. v. ii. p. 873.; Engl. Fl. v. iii. p. 420.-With. (7th ed.) v. iii. p. 930.—Gray's Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 462.-Lindl. Syn. p. 142.-Hook. Brit. Fl. p. 358.-Lightf. Fl. Scot. v. i. p. 473.-Sibth. Fl. Oxon. p. 251.-Abbot's Fl. Bedf. p. 180.-Davies' Welsh Bot. p. 78.-Purt. Midl. Fl. v. ii. p. 395.--Relh. Fl. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 339.Hook. Fl. Scot. p. 241.-1. Devon. pp. 137 & 159.-Winch's Fl. of Northumb. and Durham, p. 53.-Walker's Fl. of Oxf, p. 238.-Jacob's West Devon and Cornwall Flora-Perry's Pl. Varvic. Selectæ, p. 70.-Bab. Fl. Bath. p. 26.-Inula Conyza, Hook. Brit. Fl. (4th ed.) p. 306.-Baccharis monspeliensium, Ray's Syn. p. 179.-Johnson's Gerarde, p. 792.

Fig. 1. A Floret, with its pappus.-Fig. 2. A Floret without its pappus.-Fig. 3. Stamens and Pistil.-Fig. 4. A Seed crowned with the pappus.-Fig. 5. Recep tacle.-Figs. 2 & 3. slightly magnified.

* From konops, Gr. a gnat; the plant having been supposed to possess the virtue of driving away insects. HOOKER,