LINES 599-621.

1. (4) Care under brows; (6) nom. to was understood; (11) nom. abs.

4. (1) Scars,-Fr, escarre, a hearth, or fire, a crust made by the application of fire, a cicatrix. Milton frequently uses it to

signify a wound by fire, as again in

'The soft delicious air,

To heal the scars of these corrosive fires.'

(2) Intrenched,-in, and Fr. trancher, to cut, to cut into, to hollow, to furrow. Shakespeare uses it in the same sense'You shall find in the regiment of the Spinii one Captain Spuris, with his cicatrice, an emblem of war here on his sinister cheek; it was this very sword entrenched it.'—All's Well that Ends Well, Act ii. sc. I.

(4) Remorse, which now signifies the penitence of a man who does not turn from his sin, was often used to denote pity for those who had suffered by the transgression; and both Milton and Shakespeare frequently use it, in the wider sense of pity in general.

(5) Passion,-Lat. passio, suffering, any emotion of the mind, although it is now generally restricted to anger. An angry man is one who suffers some emotion to master him.

(6) Amerced,-Old Fr. amercier, from Lat. a and merces—to fine, to deprive of. Here it is equivalent to deprived.

7. (1) Ovid's 'Metam.,' xi. 419

"Ter conata loqui, ter fletibus ora rigavit.'

(2) Fairfax's 'Tasso,' xii. 26—

'Her sighs, her dire complaint did interlace.'

LINES 622-637.

1. (1) Prep.; (10) imp.

4. Foreseeing means seeing into the future; presaging means foretelling, and sometimes anticipating from what is known in the present or the past. Compare the following passages, the only other examples of the use of the words in Paradise Lost,'

ii. 77-9

'Him God beholding from his prospect high,
Wherein past, present, future, he beholds,
Thus to his only Son, foreseeing, spake.'

Book xii., 611-3

'And dreams advise,

Which he hath sent propitious, some great good

Presaging.'

5. Different,-partial or selfish. In the word indifferent, meaning impartial, we still retain this meaning of different; but there are few instances of the latter being used in this sense.

6. Par. Lost,' ii. 691-2—

6

And, in proud, rebellious arms, Drew after him the third part of Heaven's sons.' Read Rev. xii. 3-4.

LINES 637-649.⚫

1. (6) Adv. mod. know; (7) conj.; (12) anteced. he understood.

4. (3) State,-Lat. status, from sto, a standing. Here it means dignity. In connection with this meaning it was sometimes used to signify the dais or platform on which a king sat, and also the canopy above the seat.

6. This jingle is generally reckoned a blemish; but Shakespeare often indulges in it, and it does not seem to have been offensive to the delicate ear of Milton.

7. Compare lines 120-1. Satan owns that they had been over. come by force, but he here asserts that the better mode of carrying on the war, namely by guile, still remained to be tried; and that it was now their turn to teach God that, being overcome by force alone, they were only half subdued.

LINES 650-662.

3. (1) Where, of, of or about which; (2) there, in, in this (3) thither, to there or to that place; (4) elsewhere, any where, or any other place.

;

4. Space. It may mean lapse of time, but more probably it signifies extension in every direction, as in Book vii. 89And this which yields, or fills

All space, the ambient air.'

Or in vii. 169

'Boundless the deep, because I am who fill
Infinitude; nor vacuous the space.'

5. (1) Rife, Sax. ryf, prevalent. The word has a meaning similar to the Lat. celebris. See 'Sam. Agon.,' 866-8——

"That grounded maxim,

So rife and celebrated in the mouths

Of wisest men.'

(2) Fame,-Lat. fama, a report or rumour. Generation,-Compare Book vii. 154—6—

And in a moment will create

Another world-out of one man a race

Of men innumerable,'

6. Bentley proposes to read underhand instead of understood. But understood frequently means unexpressed, and may be so used in this passage. The meaning is this. War-openly or not openly declared-must be resolved.

LINES 663-678.

1. (9) Nom. to was understood.

2. See Gen. iii. 24.

3. The Roman soldiers usually applauded a speech of their general by clashing their swords on their shields.

4. Note (1) their number; (2) their nature; (3) their swords; (4) the effect of their swords; (5) the enemy they defy; and (6) their applause.

5. (2) Grisly,-Fr. gris, grey; Sax. grislic, horrible, dreadful. (3) Belched,-Sax. bealcian, to pour out; ejected violently. Compare its use in the following passage from the 'Faery Queen,' i. 2, 44

As burning Ætna from his boyling stew

Doth belch out flames, and rocks in peeces broke,

And ragged ribs of mountains molten dew,

Enwrapt in coleblacke clouds and filthy smoke

That all the land with stench, and heaven with horror choke.' 4. Scurf,-Sax. sceorf, from scorfian, to gnaw or bite; thin dry scab.

'A cake of scurf lies baking on the ground,

And prickly stubs instead of trees are found.'

5. Womb. This word is now used in a much more limited sense than it was by Milton and earlier writers. Compare Wy. clit's translation of Luke xv. 16, with our authorized version'And he coveitede to fille his wombe of the coddis that the hoggis eeten.'

8. Pioneers,-Fr. pionnier, a contraction of piochnier, from pioche, a kind of pick-axe.

6. See note on its, p. 65.

7. In former times, the metals were supposed to consist of two parts mercury as the base, and sulphur as the cement, which bound it in a mass. Hence Johnson, in the Alchemist,' says'It turns to sulphur or to quicksilver, who are the parents of all other metals.'

8. (1) Flying with speed.

LINES 678-699.

1. (10) Obj. gov. by perform.

3. (6) Admire,-Lat. admiror; Fr. admirer, to wonder at. It now means to wonder with approbation; but in this passage it is used in its original sense. Compare viii. 25

'Reasoning, I oft admire

How nature, wise, and frugal, could commit

Such disproportions.'

And Jeremy Taylor-In man there is nothing admirable, but his ignorance and weakness.'

4. Mammon,-a Syriac word meaning riches. (Luke xvi. 9.) It is also used to signify the 'God of riches,' as in Matt. vi. 24, 'Ye cannot serve God and Mammon.'

5. Rev. xxi. 21 :-'And the street of the city was pure gold.' 6. See the description of 'Mammon's Cave,' Book ii., canto 7. In stanza 17 he says—

'Then gan a cursed hand the quiet womb

Of his great grandmother with steele to wound,
And the hid treasures in her sacred tombe
With sacrilege to dig.'

7. See Horace, Ode iii. 3, 49

'Aurum irrepertum et sic melius situm.'

8. (1) According to Herodotus, the city of Babel or Babylon, situated on both sides of the Euphrates, was surrounded by two walls, the outer of which was 56 miles in circuit, 340 feet high, and 85 feet thick.

(2) The Pyramids, &c.

9. Herodotus says that 100,000 men were employed for nearly twenty years in the building of the pyramid of Cheops.

LINES 700-717.

1. (4) Noun used as an adj.

5. (1) Sluiced,-Ger. schleuse, a flood-gate; Fr. écluse, formerly escluse, from the Lat. exclusus, shut out. The word, which is seldom used as a verb, means 'sent through the floodgates.'

(2) Founded,-Lat. fundo-ère, to pour out, to melt. (The Lat. fundo-are, to lay a foundation, gives this word its other meaning.)

4. (4) Exhalation,-Lat. exhalatio, a breathing out, vapour, See Par. Lost,' v. 185

'Ye mists and exhalations, that now rise
From hill or streaming lake.'

Shakespeare uses the word beautifully in sc. 2, where Wolsey says

Henry viii.,' act iii.,

'I shall fall

Like a bright exhalation in the evening.'

(5) Dulcet,-Lat. dulcis, sweet. The word means (1) sweet to the taste, and (2) as here, sweet to the ear. We have an example of its first meaning in Par. Lost,' v. 347-' dulcet creams; and another of its second, in Shakespeare's 'Mid. Night's Dream,' act ii.—

• Uttering such dulcet and harmonious breath.'

6. (1) Bullion is from the French billon, base coin, gold and silver cried down. Though now restricted to unstamped gold or silver, it used to have a meaning similar to the French word. Sylvester says

And words which eld's strict doom did disallow,

And damn for bullion, go for current now.'

In his tract on 'The Reformation of England,' Milton uses the expression, 'drossy bullion.' As used here, the word seems to denote the boiling ore in its impure state, casting up dross to the surface.

7. (1) Pilasters,-square pillars, projecting out of the wall. (2) There were five models of columns among the Romansthe Corinthian, Ionic, Composite, Doric, and Tuscan.

(3) Architrave, the principal beam-the beam which rests on the columns, and binds them together.

(4) Cornice, the crown, the highest part of the pillar.

(5) Frieze, that part of the entablature of a pillar which rests on the architrave, and supports the cornice. It has a flat face, and is usually adorned with 'bossy sculptures,' or embossed figures. (7) Fretted,-formed into raised work.

LINES 717-730.

A cresset

1. (4) Obj. gov. by at or through understood; (7) adj. 2. (6) Cressets,-Fr. croisette, from croix, a cross. is a great blazing light, set on a beacon, and was so called because beacons used to have crosses on the top. See Hen. IV.' act iii. sc. I, where Glendower says

"At my nativity

The front of heav'n was full of fiery shapes

Of burning cressets.'

4. Alcairo,-El Kaheirah, the city of victory, the name given to it by the Saracens, who founded it in 969. It was, therefore, not built till long after the worship of Serapis had ceased. Milton uses the word to denote Memphis, the old capital of Egypt, which formerly occupied the site of Cairo.