Minerva's Defcent to Ithaca.
The poem opens within forty-eight days of the arrival of Ulyffes in bis dominions. He had now remained Jeven years in the island of Calypfo, reben the Gods affembled in council proposed the method of bis departure from thence, and bis return to his native country. For this purpose it is concluded to fend Mercury to Calypfe, and Pallas immediately defcends to Ithaca. She holds a conference with Telemachus in the feape of Mentes, king of the Tapbians; in which fbe advises him to take a journey in queft of his father Ulyffes, to Pylos and Sparta, where Neftor and Menelaus yet reigned: then, after baving wifibly difplayed ber divinity, disappears. The fuitors of Penelope make great entertainments, and riot in her palace till night. Phemius fings to them the return of the Grecians, till Penelope puts a flop to the fong. Some words arise between the fuiters and Telemachus, who fummons the council to meet the day following.
man, for wisdom's various arts renown'd,
Long exercised in woes, oh Mule! rofound,
Who, when his arms had wrought the deftin'd fall
Of facred Troy, and raz'd her heaven-built wall.
Wandering from cline to clime, obfervant tray'd, 5
Their manners noted, and their states furvey'd,
Ou ftormy feas unnumber'd toils he bore,
Safe with his friends to gain his natal shore :
Vain toils! their impious folly dar'd to prey
On herds devoted to the God of day;
The God vindictive doom'd them never more
(Ah, men unblefs'd!) to touch that natal fhore.
Oh, fnatch fome portion of thefe acts from Fate,
Celeftial Mufe! and to our world relate.
Perverse mankind! whofe wills, created free,
Charge all their woes on abfolute decree,
All to the dooming Gods their guilt tranflate,
And follies are mifcall'd the crimes of fate.
When to his luft Ægyfthus gave the rein,
Did Fate, or we, th' adulterous act constrain?
Did Fate, or we, when great Atrides dy'd,
Urge the bold traitor to the regicide?
Hermes I fent, while yet his foul remain'd
Sincere from royal blood, and faith profan'd; 50
To warn the wretch, that young Orestes, grown
To manly years, fhould re-affert the throne.
Yet, impotent of mind, and uncontrol'd,
He plung'd into the gulf which heaven foretold.
Here paus'd the God; and penfive thus replies
Minerva, graceful with her azure eyes:
56
O thou! from whom the whole creation fprings,
The fource of power on earth deriv'd to kings!
His death was equal to the direful deed;
20 So may the man of blood be doom'd to bleed! 60
But grief and rage alternate wound my breaft,
For brave Ulyffes, ftill by Fate opprest.
Amidst an ifle, around whose rocky shore
The forefts murmur, and the furges roar,
25 The blamelefs hero from his wifh'd-for home 65
A goddess guards in her Inchanted dome; e
(Atlas her fire, to whofe far-piercing eye
The wonders of the deep expanded lie;
Now at their native realms the Greeks arriv'd;
All who the war of ten long years furviv'd,
And 'fcap'd the perils of the gulfy main.
Ulyffes, fole of all the victor train,
An exile from his dear paternal coaft,
Deplor'd his abfent queen, and empire loft,
Calypfo in her caves conftrain'd his stay,
With sweet, reluctant, amorous delay:
In vain-for now the circling years difclofe
The day predeftin'd to reward his woes.
At length his Ithaca is given by fate,
Where yet new labours his arrival wait;
At length their rage the hoftile power restrain,
All but the ruthless monarch of the main.
But now the God, remote, a heavenly gueft,
In Ethiopia grac'd the general feaft
(A race divided, whom with floping rays
The rifing and defcending fun furveys);
There on the world's extremeft verge, rever'd
With hecatombs and prayer in pomp preferr'd,
Diftant he lay while in the bright abodes
Of high Olympus, Jove conven'd the Gods:
Th' affembly thus the Sire fupreme addrest,
Egyfthus' fate revolving in his breast,
Whom young Oreftes to the dreary coaft
Of Pluto fent, a blood-polluted ghost.
VOL. VI.
Th' eternal columns which on earth he rears
To fee the fmoke from his lov'd palace rife, 75
While the dear ifle in diftant profpect lies,
With what contentment would he clofe his
And will Omnipotence neglect to fave 40 The fuffering virtue of the wife and brave?
Must he, whofe altars on the Phrygian fhore 80, Divining of their loves. Attending nigh
With frequent rites, and pure, avow'd thy power,
Be doom'd the worst of human ills to prove,
Unblefs'd abandon'd to the wrath of Jove?
Daughter! what words have pafs'd thy lips un-
weigh'd?
(Reply'd the Thunderer to the martial maid)
Deen: not unjustly by my doom opprest
Of human race the wifeft and the best.
Neptune, by prayer repentant rarely won,
Afflicts the chief, t' avenge his giant-fon,
Whose visual orb Ulyffes robb'd of light!
Great Polypheme, of more than mortal might!
Him young Thoöfa bore (the bright increase
Of Phorcys, dreaded in the founds and feas:
Whom Neptune ey'd with bloom of beauty bleft,
And in his cave the yielding nymph compreft. 95
For this, the God conftrains the Greek to roam,
A hopeless exile from his native home,
From death alone exempt-but cease to mourn!
Let all combine t' achieve his wish'd return:
Neptune aton'd, his wrath fhall now refrain,
Or thwart the fynod of the Gods in vain.
Father and king ador'd! Minerva cry'd, Since all who in th' Olympian bower refide Now make the wandering Greek their public care, Let Hermes to th' Atlantic* ifle repair; Bid him, arriv'd in bright Calypfo's court, I he fanction of th' affembled powers report: That wife Ulyffes to his native land Must speed, obedient to their high command. Mean tine Telemachus, the blooming heir Of fea-girt Ithaca, demands my care; "Tis mine to form his green unpra&is'd years, In fage debates; furrounded with his peers, To fave the state; and timely to restrain The bold intrufion of the fuitor-train.: Who crowd his palace, and with lawless power His herds and flocks in feaftful rites devour. To diftant Sparta, and the spacious waste Of fandy Pyle, the royal youth fhall hafte. There, warm with filial love, the cause inquire 120 That from his realm retards his god-like fire: Delivering carly to the voice of fame The promife of a great, immortal name.
She faid; the fandals of celeftial mould, Fledg'd with ambrofial plumes, and rich with gold, 125
Surround her feet; with thefe fublime the fails
The etherial space, and mounts the winged gales:
O'er earth and ocean wide prepar'd to foar,
Her dreaded arm a beamy javelin bore, [130
Ponderous and vaft; which, when her fury burns,
Proud tyrants humbles, and whole hofts o'erturns.
From high Olympus prone her flight the bends,
And in the realm of Ithaca defcends.
Her lincaments divine, the grave difquife
Of Mentes' form conccal'd from human eyes 135
(Mentes, the monarch of the Taphian land):
A glittering fpear wav'd awful in her hand..
There in the portal plac'd, the heaven-bern maid
Enormous riot and mis-rule furvey'd.
On hides of beeves, before the palace gate,
(Sad fpoils of luxury) the fuitors fate.
With rival art, and ardour in their mein,
At chefs they vie, to captivate the queen;
A menial train the flowing bowl supply:
Others, apart, the fpacious hall prepare,
And from the coftly feast with bufy care.
There young Telemachus, his bloomy face
Glowin. celeftial fweet, with godlike grace
Amid the circle fhines: but hope and fear
(Painful viciffitude!) his bofom tear.
Now, imag'd in his mind, he sees reftor'd
In peace and joy, the, pcople's rightful lord;
The proud oppreffors fly the vengeful fword.
While his fond foul, thefe fancied triumphs fwell'd;
The ftranger guest, the royal youth beheld: 156
Griev'd that a vifitant fo long should wait
Unmark'd, unhonour'd, at a monarch's gate;
Inftant he flew with hofpitable hafte,
And the new friend with courteous air embrac'd.
Stranger whoe'er thou art, fecurely rest,
Affianc'd in my faith, a friendly guest;
Approach the dome, the focial banquet share,
And then the purpose of thy foul declare.
Thus affable and mild, the prince precedes, 165
And to the dome th' unknown Celestial leads.
The fpear receiving from her hand he plac'd
Against a column, fair with sculpture grac'd;
Where feetly rang'd, in peaceful order stood
Ulyffes' arms, now long difus'd to blood.
He led the Goddess to the fovereign feat,
Her feet fupported with a ftool of state
(A purple carpet spread the pavement wide};
Then drew his feat, familiar to her fide;
Far from the fuitor-train, a brutal crowd,
With infolence, and wine, elate and loud;
Where the free guest, unnotic'd, might relate,
If haply confcious, of his father's fate.
The golden ewer a maid obfequious brings,
Replenish from the cool, tranflucent fprings; 180
With copious water the bright vafe fupplies
A filver laver, of capacious fize:
They wash. The tables in fair order spread,
They heap the glittering canifters with bread.
Viands of various kinds allure the taste,
Of choiceft fort and favour, rich repast!
Delicious wines th' attending herald brought;
The gold gave luftre to the purple draught.
Lur'd with the vapour of the fragrant feast,
In ruth'd the fuitors with voracious hafte :
Marshall'd in order due, to each a fewer
Prefents, to bathe his hands, a radiant ewer.
Luxuriant then they feaft. Obfervant round
Gay ftripling youths the brimming goblets
crown'd.
And common turf, lie naked on the plain,
Or doom'd to welter in the whelming main. 210
Should he return, that troop fo blithe and bold,
With purple robes inwrought, and stiff with gold,
Precipitant in fear would wing their flight,
And curse their cumbrous pride's unwieldy weight.
But, ah, I dream!-th' appointed hour is filed!
And hope, too long with vain delufion fed,
Deaf to the rumour of fallacious fame,
Gives to the roll of death his glorious name!
With venial freedom let me now demand
Thy name, thy lineage, and paternal land:
Sincere, from whence began thy course, recite,
And to what ship I owe the friendly freight?
Now first to me this vifit doft thou deign,
Or number'd in my father's focial train?
All who deferv'd his choice he made his own, 225
And, curious much to know, he far was known.
My birth I boast (the blue-ey'd virgin cries)
From great Anchialus, renown'd and wife:
Mentes my name; I rule the Taphian race,
Whole bounds the deep circumfluent waves em-
brace :
A duteous people, and induftrious ifle,
To naval arts inur'd, and stormy toil.
Freighted with iron from my native land,
Ifter my voyage to the Brutian ftrand;
To gain by commerce for the labour'd mafs,
A just proportion of refulgent brafs.
Far from your capital my ship refides
At Reithrus, and fecure at anchor rides;
Where waving groves on airy Neion grow,
Supremely tall, and shade the deeps below,
Thence to revifit your imperial dome,
An old hereditary gueft I come :
But, parting then for that detefted fhore,
Our eyes, unhappy! never greeted more.
To prove a genuine birth (the prince replies)
On female truth affenting faith relies;
Thus mani eft of right, I build my claim
Sure-founded on a fair maternal fame,
Ulyffes' fon: but happier he, whom fate
Hath plac'd beneath the ftorms which tofs the
great!
280
Happier the for, whofe hoary fire is bleft
With humble afluence, and domestic rest!
Happier than I, to future empire born,
But doom'd a father's wretched fate to mourn!
To whom, with afpect mild, the guest divine:
Oh true defcendant of a fcepter'd line!
The Gods a glorious fate from anguish free
To chatte Penelope's increase decree.
But fay, yon joyful troop fo gaily dreft,
Is this a bridal or a friendly feast!
Or from their deed I rightlier may divine,
Unfeemly flown with infolence and wine;
Unwelcome revellers, whofe lawlefs joy
Pains the fage ear, and hurts the fober eye?
Magnificence of old (the prince replied)
Peneath our roof with virtue could refide;
Unblant'd abundance crown'd the royal board,
What time this dome rever'd her prudent lord;
235 Who now (fo heaven decrees) is doom'd to mourn,
Bitter constraint! erroneous aud forlorn.
Better the chief, on Ilion's hoftile plain,
Had fall'n furrounded with his warlike train ;
Or fafe return'd, the race of glory past,
New to his friend's embrace, had breath'd his
Jaft!
[raife
Then grateful Greece with ftreaming eyes would
Hiftoric marbles, to record his praise;
His praife, eternal on the faithful stone,
Had with tranfiniflive honour grac'd his fan.
Now fnatch'd by harpies to the dreary coast,
Sunk is the hero, and his glory loft:
Vanish'd at once! unheard-of and unknown!
And I his heir in mifery alone.
Nor for a dear, loft father only flow
The filial tears, but woe fucceeds to woe:
Your father's friend. Laertes can relate
Our faith unspotted, and its early date;
Who, preft with heart-corroding grief and years,
To the gay court a rural fhade prefers,
Where, fole of all his train, a matron fage
Supports with homely food his drooping age,
With feeble fteps from marshalling his vines
Returning fad, when toillome day declines.
With friendly fpeed, induc'd by erring fame,
To hail Ulyffes' fafe return, I came;
But fill the frown of fome celeftial Power
With envious joy retards the blissful hour.
Let not your foul be funk in fad despair;
He lives, he breathes this heavenly vital air,
Among a favage race, whose thelfy bounds
With ceafelefs roar the foaming deep furrounds.
The thoughts which roll within my ravish'd
breast,
To me, no feer, th' infpiring Gods fuggeft;
Nor fkill'd, nor ftudious, with prophetic eye
To judge the winged omens of the sky,
Yet hear this certain fpeech, nor deem it vain;
Though adamantine bonds the chief restrain,
The dire restraint his wifdom will defeat,
And foon reftore him to his regal feat.
But, generous youth! fincere and free declare,
Are you, of manly growth, his royal heir?
For fure Ulyffes in your look appears,
The fame his features, if the fame his years. 270
Such was that face, on which I dwelt with joy
Are Greece affembled ftemm'd the tides
Troy;
In feaft and dance the mirthful months employ,
And meditate my doom, to crown their joy. 326
With tender pity touch'd, the Goddess cried :
Soon may kind heaven a fure relief provide!
Soon may your fire discharge the vengeance due,
And all your wrongs the proud oppressors rue!
Oh! in that portal should the chief appear, 331
Each hand tremendous with a brazen spear,
In radiant panoply his limbs incas'd,
(For fo of old my father's court he grac'd,
When focial mirth unbent his ferious foul,
O'er the full banquet, and the fprightly bowl):
He then from Epyré, the fair domain
Of llus, fprung from Jason's royal strain,
Meafur'd a length of feas, a toilfome length, int
For voyaging to learn the direful art
To taint with deadly drugs the barbed dart;
Obfervant of the Gods, and fternly just,
Ilus refus'd t' impart the baneful truit :
With friendlier zeal my father's foul was fir'd,
The drugs he knew, and gave the boon defir'd. 345
Appear'd he now with fuch heroic port,
As then confpicuous at the Taphian court;
Soon fhould yon boafters cease their haughty ftrife,
Or cach atone his guilty love with life.
But of his wish'd return the care refign,
Be future vengeance to the powers divine.
My fentence hear: with ftern distaste avow'd,
To their own districts drive the fuitor-crowd:
When next the morning warms the purple east,
Convoke the peerage, and the Gods attest ;
The forrows of your inmoft foul relate,
And form fure plans to fave the finking state.
Should fecond love a pleafing flame infpire,
And the chafte queen connubial rites require;
Difmifs'd with honour, let her hence repair
To great Icarius, whofe paternal care
Will guide her paffion, and reward the choite
With wealthy dower, and bridal gifts of price.
Then let this dictate of my love prevail :
Instant, to foreign realms prepare to fail,
To learn your father's fortunes: Fame may prove,
Or omen'd voice, (the meffenger of Jove)
Propitious to the fearch. Direct your toil
Through the wide ocean first to fandy Pyle;
Of Neftor, hoary sage, his doom demand: 370
Thence speed your voyage to the Spartan ftrand;
For young Atrides to th' Achaian coaft
Arriv'd the last of all the victor host.
If yet Ulyffes views the light; forbear,
Till the fleet hours reftore the circling year.
But if his foul hath wing'd the deftin'd flight,
Inhabitant of deep disastrous night :
Homeward with pious fpeed repafs the main,
To the pale fhade funereal rites ordain,
Plant the fair column o'er the vacant grave,
A hero's honours let the hero have.
With decent grief the royal dead deplor❜d,
For the chafte queen select an equal lord.
Then let revenge your daring mind employ,
By fraud or force the fuitor-train destroy, 385
And, ftarting into manhood, fcorn the boy.
Haft thou not heard how young Oreftes, fir'd
With great revenge, immortal praise acquir'd?
His virgin-fword gyfthus' veins imbrued;
The murderer fell, and biood aton'd for blood.
O greatly bleis'd with every blooming grace !
With equal fters the paths of glory trace;
Join to that royal youth's your rival name,
And fhine eternal in the sphere of Fame.
But
my affociates now my stay deplore,
Impatient on the hoarfe-refounding fore.
Thon, heedful of advice, fecure proceed :
My praise the precept is, be thine the deed.
But, fince to part, for fweet refection due
The genial viands let my train renew;
And the rich pledge of plighted faith receive, 405
Worthy the heir of Ithaca to give."
Defer the promis'd boon, (the Goddess cries,
Celeftial azure brightening in her eyes)
And let me now regain the Reithrian port:
From Temefé return'd, your royal court
I fhall revifit; and that pledge receive;
| And gifts, memorial of our friendship, leave.
Abrupt, with eagle-speed fhe cut the sky;
Inftant invifible to mortal eye.
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Then first he recogniz'd th' ætherial guest; 415
Wonder and joy alternate fire his breast:
Heroic thoughts, infus'd, his heart dilate;
Revolving much his father's doubtful fate,
At length, compos'd, he join'd the fuitor-throng;
Hufh'd in attention to the warbled song.
His tender theme the charming lyrist chofe,
Minerva's anger, and the direful woes,
Which voyaging from Troy the victors bore,
While forms vindictive intercept the fhore.
The fhrilling airs the vaulted roof rebounds, 425
Reflecting to the queen the filver founds.
With grief renew'd the weeping fair defcends;
Their fovereign's step a virgin tram attends:
A veil, of richeft texture wrought, she wears,
And filent to the joyous hall repairs.
430
There from the portal, with her mild command,
Thus gently checks the minstrel's tuneful hand:
Phemius let acts of Gods, and heroes old,
What ancient bards in hall and bower have told,
Attemper'd to the lyre, your voice employ; 435
Such the pleas'd ear will drink with filent joy.
But, oh! forbear that dear difaftrous name,
Io forrow facred, and secure of fame :
My bleeding bofom fickens at the found,
And every piercing note inflicts a wound.
Why, deareft object of my duteous love, (Reply'd the prince) will you the bard reprove? Oft, Jove's ethereal rays (refiftless fire) The chanter's foul and raptur'd fong inspire: Inftinct divine! nor blame fevere his choice, 445 Warbling the Grecian woes with harp and voice: For novel lays attract our ravish'd ears; But old, the mind with inattention hears; Patient permit the fadiy-pleasing strain ; Familiar now with grief, your tears refrain, 450 And in the public woe forget your own; You weep not for a perish'd lord, alone. What Greeks now wandering in the Stygian gloom,
With your Ulyffes fhar'd an equal doom! Your widow'd hours, apart, with female toil 455 And various labours of the loom, beguile; 3911 here rule, from palace-cares remote and free; That care to man belongs, and most to me. Mature beyond his years the queen admires His fage reply, and with her train retires. 395 Then fwelling forrows burft their former bounds, With echoing grief afresh the dome relounds; Till Fallas, piteous of her plaintive cries, In flumber clos'd her filver-streaming eyes. Mean time, rekindled at the royal charms, 465 Tumultuous love each beating bofom warms; Intemperate rage a wordy war began; But bold Teleniachus affum'd the man.
The counfel of my friend (the youth rejoin'd) Imprints conviction on my grateful mind. So fathers fpeak (perfuafive fpeech and ntild) 1 heir age experience to the favourite child.
Instant (he cry'd) your female difcord end,
Ye deedlefs boafter's! and the fong attend;
Obey that sweet compulfion, nor profane
With diffonance the fmooth melodious strain.
Pacific now prolong the jovial feast;
But when the dawn reveals the rofy east,
1, to the peers affembled, fhall propose
The firm refolve, I here in few difclofe:
No longer live the cankers of my court;
All to your feveral states with speed refort;
Waste in wild riot what your land allows,
There ply the early feaft, and late caroufe.
But if, to honour loft, 'tis ftill decreed
Your private right fhould impious power invade,
The peers of Ithaca 'would arm in aid. (515
But lay, that stranger guest who late withdrew,
What and from whence? his name and lineage
His grave demeanour and majestic grace [thew.
Speak him defcended of no vulgar race:
475 Did he fome loan of ancient right require,
Or came fore-runner of your feepter'd fire? 520
Oh, fon of Polybus! the prince replies,
No more my fire will glad thefe longing eyes:
The queen's fond hope inventive rumour cheers,
Or vain diviners' dreams divert her fears.
That ftranger-guest the Taphian realm obeys, 525
A realm defended with encircling feas,
Mentes, an ever-honour'd name of old
High in Ulyffes' focial lift enroll'd.
For you my bowl fhall flow, my flocks fhall bleed;
Judge and revenge my right, impartial Jove!-
By him, and all th' immortal thrones above,
(A facred oath) each proud oppreffor, flain, 485
Shall with inglorious gore this marble stain.
Aw'd by the prince, and haughty, bold, and
[tongue.
Rage gnaw'd the lip, and wonder chain'd the
Silence at length the gay Antinous broke,
Constrain'd a fmile, and thus ambiguous (poke: 490
What God to your untutor'd youth affords
This headlong torrents of amazing words?
May Jove delay thy reign, and cumber late
So bright a genius with the toils of state!
Those toils (Telemachus ferene replies)
Have charms, with all their weight, t' allure the
wife.
Faft by the throne obfequious Fame refides,
And wealth inceffant rolls her golden tides.
Nor let Antinous rage, if ftrong defire
Of wealth and fame a youthful bofom fire:
Elect by Jove his delegate of fway,
With joyous pride the fummons I'd obey.
Whene'er Ulyffes roams the realm of night,
Should factions power difpute my lineal right,
Some other Grecks a fairer claim may plead;
To your pretence their title would precede.
At least, the fceptre loft, I ftill fhould reign
Sole o'er my vaffals, and domeftic train.
To this Eurymachus: To heaven alone
Refer the choice to fill the vacant throne.
Your patrimonial ftores in peace poffefs;
Undoubted, all your filial claim confefs:
Thus he, though confcious of th' etherial guest,
Anfwer'd evafive of the fly request.
Mean time the lyre rejoins the sprightly lay;
Love-dittied airs, and dance, conclude the day.
But when the ftar of eve with golden light
Adorn'd the matron-brow of fable night;
The mirthful train difperfing quit the court, 530
And to their feveral domes to reft refort.
A towering ftructure to the palace join'd;
To this his steps the thoughtful prince inclin'd;
In his pavilion there, to fleep repairs;
The lighted torch, the fage Euryclea bears; 549
(Daughter of Ops, the juft Pifenor's fon,
For twenty beeves by great Laertes won;
In rofy prime with charms attractive grac'd,
Honour'd by him, a gentle lord and chaste,
With dear etteem: too wife, with jealous ftrife 545
5co To taint the joys of fweet connubial life.
Sole with Telemachus her fervice ends,
A child the nurs'd him, and a man attends.)
Whilft to his couch the prince himself addreft,
The duteous dame receiv'd the purple vest :
The purple veft with decent care difpos'd,
The filver ring the pull'd, the door reclos'd;
The bolt, obedient to the filken cord,
To the ftrong flaple's inmoft depth reftor'd, [555 Secur'd the valves. There wrapt in filent fhade, 510 Pensive, the rules the Goddess gave, he weigh'd; Stretch'd on the downy fleece, no rest he knows, And in his raptur'd foul the vifion glows.
Telemachus, in the offembly of the lords of Ithaca, complains of the injuftice done bim by the fuitors, and insists upon their departure from his palace; appealing to the princes, and exciting the people to declare against them. The fuitors endeavour to justify their flay, at leaft till be fball fend the queen to the court of Icarius ber father; which be refufes. There appears a prodigy of two eagles in the sky, which an Augur expounds to be the ruin of the fuitors. Telemachus then demands a veffel to carry bim to Pylos and Sparta, there to inquire of bis father's fortunes. Pallas, in the soape of Mentor (an ancient friend of Ulysses), helps him to a foip, affifts him in preparing necessaries for the voyage, and embarks with him that night; which concludes the fecond day from the opening of the poem.
The feene continues in the palace of Ulyffes in Ithaca,
|