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se'nnight, and have suffered ever since I came to town with a miserable head-ache and stomach complaint, but am now a good deal better.-I have found a worthy, warm friend in Mr. Dalrymple, of Orangefield, who introduced me to Lord Glencairn, a man whose worth and brotherly kindness to me I shall remember when time shall be no more. --By his interest it is passed in the "Caledonian Hunt," and entered in their books, that they are to take each a copy of the second edition, for which they are to pay one guinea. I have been introduced to a good many of the noblesse, but my avowed patrons and patronesses are, the Duchess of Gordon-the Countess of Glencairn, with my Lord, and

Lady Betty-the

Dean of Faculty-Sir John Whitefoord. I have likewise warm friends among the literati; Professors Stewart, Blair, and Mr. Mackenziethe Man of Feeling. An unknown hand left

ten guineas for the Ayr-shire bard with Mr. Sibbald, which I got. I since have discovered my generous unknown friend to be Patrick Miller, Esq., brother to the Justice Clerk; and drank a glass of claret with him by invitation at his own house yester-night. I am nearly agreed with Creech to print my book, and I suppose I will begin on Monday. I will send a subscription bill or two, next post; when I intend writing my first kind patron, Mr. Aiken. I saw his son to-day, and he is very well.

Dugald Stewart, and some of my learned friends, put me in the periodical paper called the Lounger, † a copy of which I here enclose you. -I was, Sir, when I was first honoured with your notice, too obscure; now I tremble lest I should be ruined by being dragged too suddenly into the glare of polite and learned observation. I shall certainly, my ever-honoured patron, write you an account of my every step; and better health and more spirits may enable me to make it something better than this stupid matter-of-fact epistle.

I have the honour to be,
Good Sir,

Your ever grateful humble servant,

R. B.

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I HAVE just time for the carrier, to tell you that I received your letter; of which I shall say no more but what a lass of my acquaintance said of her bastard wean; she said she "did na ken wha was the father exactly, but she suspected it was some o' thae bonny blackguard smugglers, for it was like them." So I only say your obliging epistle was like you. enclose you a parcel of subscription bills. Your affair of sixty copies is also like you; but it would not be like me to comply. Your friend's notion of my life has put a crotchet in my head of sketching it in some future epistle to you. My compliments to Charles and Mr. Parker.

No. XXXIV.

R. B.

TO MR. WILLIAM CHALMERS.

WRITER, AYR.

Edinburgh, Dec. 27th, 1786.

MY DEAR FRIEND:

I CONFESS I have sinned the sin for which there is hardly any forgiveness-ingratitude to friendship-in not writing you sooner; but of all men living, I had intended to have sent you an entertaining letter: and by all the plodding, stupid powers, that in nodding, conceited majesty, preside over the dull routine of business - a heavily-solemn oath this!-I am, and have been, ever since I came to Edinburgh, as unit to write a letter of humour as to write a commentary on the Revelation of St. John the Divine, who was banished to the Isle of Patmos by the cruel and bloody Domitian, son to Ves pasian and brother to Titus, both Emperors of Rome, and who was himself an emperor, and raised the second or third persecution, I forget which, against the Christians, and after throwing the said Apostle John, brother to the Apos tle James, commonly called James the Greater, to distinguish him from another James, who name of James the Less-after throwing him

If any of my friends write me, my direction was, on some account or other, known by the is, care of Mr. Creech, bookseller.

* Lady Betty Cunningham.

† The paper here alluded to was written by Mr. Mackenzie, the celebrated author of "The Man of Feeling."

[The kindness and generosity of Robert Muir, of Kilmarnock, were not unfelt by the Poet; and we must accept it as a proof of Burns's powers of pleasing that he acquired, so early in life, the regard of so many western worthies. In

this letter we have the first intimation of that account of himself which he afterwards wrote and addressed to Dr Moore, and we also have satisfactory evidence of the substantial patronage of his Ayr-shire friends.]

[Burns taxed his muse to propitiate with song a lady of the West, to whom William Chalmers was paying his addresses: the success of the verse is not known. See page 250.)

into a caldron of boiling oil, from which he was miraculously preserved, he banished the poor son of Zebedee to a desert island in the Archipelago, where he was gifted with the second sight, and saw as many wild beasts as I have seen since I came to Edinburgh; which, a circumstance not very uncommon in storytelling, brings me back to where I set out.

To make you some amends for what, before you reach this paragraph, you will have suffered, I enclose you two poems I have carded and spun since I past Glenbuck.

One blank in the address to Edinburgh"Fair B," is the heavenly Miss Burnet, daughter of Lord Monboddo, at whose house I have had the honour to be more than once. There has not been anything nearly like her in all the combinations of beauty, grace, and goodness the great Creator has formed, since Milton's Eve on the first day of her existence. My direction is-care of Andrew Bruce, merchant, Bridge-street.

No. XXXV.

R. B.

TO GAVIN HAMILTON, Esq.

MAUCHLINE.

Edinburgh, January 7th, 1787.

To tell the truth, among friends, I feel a miserable blank in my heart from the want of her [alluding to Jean Armour], and I don't think shall ever meet with so delicious an armful again. She has her faults; but so have you and I; and so has every body.

Their tricks and craft hae put me daft;
They've ta'en me in and a' that;
But clear your decks, and here's the sex,
I like the jades for a' that.
For a' that, and a' that,

And twice as muckle's a' that!

*

I have met with a very pretty girl, a Lothian farmer's daughter, whom I have almost persuaded to accompany me to the west country, should I ever return to settle there. By the bye, a Lothian farmer is about the same as an Ayr-shire squire of the lower kind. I had a most delicious ride from Leith to her house yesternight, in a hackney coach, with her brother

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As I have but slender pretensions to philosophy, I cannot rise to the exalted ideas of a citizen of the world, but have all those national prejudices which I believe glow peculiarly strong in the breast of a Scotchman. There is scarcely any thing to which I am so feelingly alive as the honour and welfare of my country: and, as a poet, I have no higher enjoyment than singing her sons and daughters. Fate had cast my station in the veriest shades of life; but never did a heart pant more ardently than mine to be distinguished; though, till very lately, I looked in vain on every side for a ray of light. It is easy then to guess how much I was gratified with the countenance and approbation of one of my country's most illustrious sons, when Mr. Wauchope called on me yesterday on the part of your lordship. Yo Your munificence, my lord, certainly deserves my very grateful acknowledgments; but your patronage is a bounty peculiarly suited to my feelings. I am not master enough of the etiquette of life to know whether there be not some impropriety in troubling your lordship with my thanks, but my heart whispered me to do it. From the emotions of my inmost soul I do it. Selfish ingratitude I hope I am incapable of; and mercenary servility, I trust, I shall ever have so much honest pride as to detest.

No. XXXVII.

R. B.

TO JOHN BALLANTINE, Esq.

Edinburgh, Jan. 14, 1787.

MY HONOURED FRIEND:

It gives me a secret comfort to observe in myself that I am not yet so far gone as Willie Gaw's Skate, "past redemption;"† for I have

• [When the Poet exclaimed, in his "Earnest cry and Prayer," "O could I like Montgomeries fight, Or gab like Boswell,"

he included Archibald, eleventh earl of Eglinton, and Colonel Hugh Montgomery of Coilsfield, afterwards twelfth earl, in the compliment. This was re-paid by subscribing ten gui

neas for two copies of the Poet's works, and a promise of patronage. Boswell seems not, though a native of the banks of Lugar, to have relished his portion of the compliment;he did not subscribe, neither has he once alluded to Burns or his genius throughout all his writings.]

† [This is one of a great number of old saws that Burns, when a lad, had picked up from his mother, who had a vast collection of such fragments of traditionary wisdom.]

still this favourable symptom of grace, that when my conscience, as in the case of this letter, tells me I am leaving something undone that I ought to do, it teases me eternally till I

do it.

Ye flowery banks o' bonnie Doon,
How can ye bloom sae fair!
How can ye chant, ye little birds,
And I sae fu' o' care!* &c.

No. XXXIX.

TO MRS. DUNLOP.

Edinburgh, 15th January, 1787.

I am still "dark as was chaos" in respect to futurity. My generous friend, Mr. Patrick Miller, has been talking with me about a lease of some farm or other in an estate called Dalswinton, which he has lately bought near Dumfries. Some life-rented embittering recollections whisper me that I will be happier any where than in my old neighbourhood, but Mr. Miller is no judge of land; and though I dare say he means to favour me, yet he may give me, in his opinion, an advantageous bargain that may ruin me. I am to take a tour by Dumfries as I wished to have written to Dr. Moore be

I return, and have promised to meet Mr. Miller on his lands some time in May.

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I went to a mason-lodge yesternight, where the most Worshipful Grand Master Chartres, and all the Grand Lodge of Scotland visited. The meeting was numerous and elegant; all the different lodges about town were present, in all their pomp. The Grand Master, who presided with great solemnity and honour to himself, as a gentleman and mason, among other general toasts, gave Caledonia, and Caledonia's Bard, Brother Burns," which rung through the whole assembly with multiplied honours and repeated acclamations. As I had no idea such a thing would happen, I was downright thunderstruck, and, trembling in every nerve, made the best return in my power. Just as I had finished, some of the grand officers said, so loud that I could hear, with a most comforting accent, "Very well indeed!" which set me something to rights again.

I have to-day corrected my 152d page. My best good wishes to Mr. Aiken.

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MADAM:

YOURS of the 9th current, which I am this moment honoured with, is a deep reproach to me for ungrateful neglect. I will tell you the real truth, for I am miserably awkward at a fib

fore I wrote to you; but, though every day since I received yours of December 30th, the idea, the wish to write to him has constantly pressed on my thoughts, yet I could not for my soul set about it. I know his fame and charaeter, and I am one of "the sons of little men." To write him a mere matter-of-fact affair, like a merchant's order, would be disgracing the little character I have; and to write the author of "The View of Society and Manners" a letter of sentiment-I declare every artery runs cold at the thought. I shall try, however, to write to him to-morrow or next day. His kind interposition in my behalf I have already expe rienced, as a gentleman waited on me the other day, on the part of Lord Eglinton, with ten guineas, by way of subscription for two copies of my next edition.

The word you object to in the mention I have made of my glorious countryman and your immortal ancestor, is indeed borrowed from Thomson; but it does not strike me as an improper epithet. I distrusted my own judgment on your finding fault with it, and applied for the opinion of some of the literati here, who honour me with their critical strictures, and they all allow it to be proper. The song you ask I cannot recollect, and I have not a copy of it. I have not composed any thing on the great Wallace, except what you have seen in print; and the enclosed, which I will print in this edition.t You will see I have mentioned some others of the name. When I composed my "Vision" long ago, I had attempted a description of Kyle, of which the additional stanzas are a part, as it originally stood. My heart glows with a wish to be able to do justice to the merits of the "Saviour of his Country," which sooner or later I shall at least attempt.

You are afraid I shall grow intoxicated with my prosperity as a poet; alas! Madam, I know myself and the world too well. I do not

* [See "The Banks of Doon," page 409.]

† [See Stanzas in the "Vision," page 206, beginning "By stately tower or palace fair," to the end of the first Duan.) accomplishments of Dr. Moore were never made the subject of doubt, a certain dislike to the drudgery of medical practice prevented him from enjoying that amount of public patronage to which, by his talents, he was entitled. It was, therefore, with no unwilling mind that, early in 1769, though for some years married and the father of several children, he agreed to take the charge of the young Duke of Hamilton, step-son of his first patron, a youth of fourteen, possessed of the most excellent dispositions, but whose health was such as to require the constant attendance of a physician. With this young nobleman, Dr. Moore made one short excursion to the Continent. But the connexion was abruptly dissolved, in July, by the death of the Duke, upon whose tomb his affectionate attendant inscribed a poetical epitaph, testifying to the promise which was thus early blighted.

mean any airs of affected modesty; I am willing to believe that my abilities deserve some notice; but in a most enlightened, informed age and nation, when poetry is and has been the study of men of the first natural genius, aided with all the powers of polite learning, polite books, and polite company-to be dragged forth to the full glare of learned and polite observation, with all my imperfections of awkward

am

a

rusticity and crude, unpolished ideas on my head -I assure you, Madam, I do not dissemble when I tell you I tremble for the consequences. The novelty of a poet in my obscure situation, without any of those advantages which are reckoned necessary for that character, at least at this time of day, has raised partial tide of public notice which has borne me to a height, where I absolutely, feelingly certain my abilities are inadequate to support me; and too surely do I see that time when the same tide will leave me, and recede, perhaps, as far below the mark of truth. I do not say this in the ridiculous affectation of self-abasement and modesty. I have studied myself, and know what ground I occupy; and, however a friend or the world may differ from me in that particular, I stand for my own opinion, in silent resolve, with all the tenaciousness of property. I mention this to you once for all to dis-burthen

[John Moore, M.D., one of the first men of established literary reputation, who befriended the Ayr-shire Poet, was the son of the Rev. Charles Moore, of Stirling. The latter, although born in Ireland, was a cadet of the Scotch house of Mure of Rowallan, in Ayr-shire; his ancestor, Captain Alexander Mure, the son of Sir William Mure of Rowallan, having been slain in an action about the year 1648, with the rebels in Ireland, where his family continued to reside. The son of this gentleman was a military officer, who also served in Ireland under William III.; and it was owing to the family connexion with Scotland, as much as to his talents, and exemplary character, that the son of the last Captain Moore was, although an alien to the country, advanced in early life to the parochial charge at Stirling, where his son, Dr. John Moore, the subject of the present notice, was born in 1730. The family of Mure of Rowallan is said to have been originally of the tribe of O'More, in Ireland. Robert II., King of Scotland, married Elizabeth Mure, daughter of Sir Adam Mure of Rowallan, and from this marriage the Royal family of Stuart is descended.

While Dr. Moore was yet a child, his father died, and his mother removed with him to Glasgow, where she possessed some property, inherited from her father, Anderson of Dowhill, whose family, once in great affluence in that city, had suffered much, according to Wodrow, from fines imposed in the reign of James II., for their adherence to Presbyterianism; and the participation of the last laird of Dowhill in the Darien expedition reduced the family to comparative poverty. On a temperament such as that of the author of Zeluco, the position in which his earlier years were passed exercised no inconsiderable influence in promoting those habits of industry and exertion for which, in after life, he was eminently distinguished. At Glasgow, Dr. Moore received both his elementary and academical education. So precocious were his talents that, in 1747, when only 17 years of age, he was honoured with the especial patronage of Colonel Campbell, afterwards fifth Duke of Argyle, by whom he was introduced to the hospitals connected with the British Army in Flanders, and brought under the notice of various distinguished officers, as a young man likely to be an ornament to the medical profession. At the conclusion of the war, he was for some time an attaché to the British Embassy of Lord Albemarle, in Paris. He afterwards settled in practice in Glasgow, as the partner of Mr. Hamilton, the University Professor of Anatomy. While, however, the professional

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In the following year, Dr. Moore was selected to attend the brother and heir of the deceased Duke-the noted Douglas, Duke of Hamilton, then a sickly boy, and as yet innocent of the vices that ultimately clouded a career which talent and generosity had combined with almost princely rank and fortune, to render illustrious. Dr. Moore and this young nobleman spent five years in continental travel, finally returning in 1778, when the Duke had attained his majority. In that year Dr. Moore removed his family to London, with the design of prosecuting his profession in a higher sphere than could be commanded in Glasgow. As yet, he had given no decided proof of his literary talents; but this he did in the following year, by the publication of his "View of Society and Manners in France, Switzerland, and Germany," a work of so much vivacity and intelligence that it instantly attained a great popularity, and was translated into French, German, and Italian. In 1785, he produced his "Medical Sketches," a work which treats on several important topics, relative to health and disease, not without an intermixture of pleasant stories and humorous sarcasm. It was at the close of the ensuing year that his attention was drawn to the poetry of Burns. Some expressions of admiration, which he had employed regarding it, in a letter to Mrs. Dunlop, and which that lady transmitted to Burns, led to a correspondence between the learned Physician and the comparatively unlettered Bard, in which the one party appears kind, without the least affectation of superiority, and the other respectful with as little display of servility. To Dr. Moore, the Poet, in the ensuing August, addressed a sketch of his own life, which was published in the front of Dr. Currie's memoir, and has effectually associated the names of these very opposite men in our literary history.

noticing him and his works. Those who have felt the anxieties and solicitudes of authorship can only know what pleasure it gives to be noticed, in such a manner, by judges of the first character. Your criticisms, Sir, I I receive r with reverence: only I am sorry they mostly came too late: a peccant passage or two, that I would certainly have altered, were gone to the press.

The hope to be admired for ages is, in by far the greater part of those even who are authors of repute, an unsubstantial dream. For my part, my first ambition was, and still my strongest wish is, to please my compeers, the rustic inmates of the hamlet, while ever-changing language and manners shall allow me to be relished and understood. I am very willing to admit that I have some poetical abilities : and as few, if any, writers, either moral or poetical, are intimately acquainted with the classes of mankind among whom I have chiefly mingled, I may have seen men and manners in a different phasis from what is common, which may

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Dr. Moore, when on the verge of sixty (1789), appeared for the first time as a writer of fiction. His novel of "Zeluco" assumed, and has ever since maintained, a high rank amongst works of that class, on account of the powerful moral painting which forms the most conspicuous feature of its composition. The interest which he felt in the affairs of France induced him to proceed, late in the summer of 1792, to Paris. He there witnessed the insurrection of the 10th of August, the dethronement of the King, the terrific massacres of September, and the tremendous party struggles which marked the remainder of that year. He was consequently enabled to gratify the curiosity of the British public by a work entitled "A Journal during a Residence in France," &c., which is allowed by Dr. Aiken to be written with impartiality and discernment. After several years spent in ease and retirement, at Richmond, he died at his house in Clifford-street, London, February 29, 1802. He left five sons, the eldest of whom was the gallant and lamented General Sir John Moore.-LAND OF BURNS.

To the accomplished Dr. Moore the Poet seems to have unbosomed himself more than to most of his patronizing friends. Nor is this to be wondered at-Moore was not only a fine scholar and a man of genius, but he was one of the kindest and most accessible of mankind. Burns seems to have possessed a natural tact for discovering how far he might go in laying his bosom bare to his companions and correspondents, and he certainly hit, as if by inspiration, the character of Dr. Moore, who, with the secrecy of a physician, and the prudence of a friend, received the communications of the rustic bard, read to the London literati such portions of the Poet's letters as he knew would be most relished; quoted the finest passages of his poems, and spread his fame with a diligence which could only arise from a hearty appreciation of his great merit. Dr. Moore's letter, to which the above was a reply, is as follows:

Clifford-street, London, Jan. 23rd, 1787.

"SIR,-I have just received your letter, by which I find I have reason to complain of my friend Mrs. Dunlop, for transmitting to you extracts from my letters to her, by much too freely and too carelessly written for your perusal. I must forgive her, however, in consideration of her good intention,

as you will forgive me, I hope, for the freedom I use with certain expressions, in consideration of my admiration of the poems in general. If I may judge of the author's disposition from his works, with all the other good qualities of a poet, he has not the irritable temper ascribed to that race of men by one of their own number, whom you have the happiness to resemble in ease and curious felicity of expression. Indeed, the poetical beauties, however original and brilliant, and lavishly scattered, are not all I admire in your works;the love of your native country, that feeling sensibility to all the objects of humanity, and the independent spirit which

breathes through the whole, give me a most favourable impression of the Poet, and have made me often regret that I did not see the poems, the certain effect of which would have been my seeing the author, last summer, when I was longer in Scotland than I have been for many years.

"I rejoice very sincerely at the encouragement you receive at Edinburgh, and I think you peculiarly fortunate in the patronage of Dr. Blair, who I am informed interests himself very much for you. I beg to be remembered to him; nobody can have a warmer regard for that gentleman than I have, which, independent of the worth of his character. would be kept alive by the memory of our common friend, the late Mr. George Be.

"Before I received your letter, I sent enclosed in a letter
to
-, a sonnet by Miss Williams, a young poetical
lady, which she wrote on reading your "Mountain-daisy
perhaps it may not displease you:-

""While soon 'the garden's flaunting flowers' decay,
And scatter'd on the earth neglected lie,
The Mountain-daisy,' cherish'd by the ray
A poet drew from heaven, shall never die.
Ah, like that lonely flower the poet rose!

'Mid penury's bare soil and bitter gale;
He felt each storm that on the mountain blows,
Nor ever knew the shelter of the vale.
By genius in her native vigour nurst,

On nature with impassion'd look he gaz'd;
Then through the cloud of adverse fortune burst
Indignant, and in light unborrow'd blaz'd.
Scotia! from rude affliction shield thy bard;
His heaven-taught numbers Fame herself will guard.'

"I have been trying to add to the number of your subscribers, but find many of my acquaintance are already among them. I have only to add that, with every sentiment of esteem, and the most cordial good wishes,

"I am

"Your obedient humble servant, J. MOORE.

* [The Rev. Dr. Lawrie was one of the Poet's earliest friends: the door of his manse was always open to him, a seat at his table was ever at his command, and he seems have been fully sensible of the kindness with which he was treated. The letter, to which this of Burns was in answer is dated 22d December, 1786, and evinces Dr. Lastie's anxiety for his honest fame :

DEAR SIR,-I last week received a letter from Dr. Blacklock, in which he expresses a desire of seeing you. I write this to you, that you may lose no time in waiting upon him, should you not yet have seen him. "I rejoice to hear, from all corners, of your rising fame, and I wish and expect is may tower still higher by the new publication. But, as a

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