Before the clerk is instituted he must subscribe the thirty-nine articles in the presence of the ordinary, or his substitute; this subscription must also be without reserve, exception, or qualification; otherwise his institution is ipso facto, void and nuli, and the church still vacant. 13 Eliz. c. 12. At the same time the ordinary requires the clerk to subscribe the other two articles mentioned in the thirty-sixth canon about the king's supremacy, and the lawfulness and use of the liturgy. Before institution he must also take the oaths mentioned in the first statute of William and Mary, c. 8, instead of the former oaths of allegiance and supremacy, required by stat. 1 Eliz.; and then he must take the oath against simony, enjoined by the fortieth canon, and the oath of canonical obedience; and, if it is a vicarage, the oath of personal residence; and he is to have certificates given him of his subscribing the declaration contained in the act of uniformity, in English, in a distinct instrument, under the hand and seal of the bishop; and of his other subscriptions and oaths, in Latin.

The church, by institution, is full against all persons but the king, but it is not full against the king, till induction; and the clerk by it may enter upon the parsonage house and glebe, and take the tithes; but he cannot let or grant them, nor sue for them, if they be refused to be paid, till he be inducted. See INDUCTION.

INSTOP', v. a. In and stop. To close up; to stop.

With boiling pitch another near at hand The seams instops. Dryden's Ann. Mirab INSTRUCT, v. a. Fr. instruire ; Lat. INSTRUCTOR, n. s. instruo. To teach; to INSTRUCTION, n. s. form by precept; to inINSTRUCTIVE, adj. form authoritatively; to educate; to institute; to direct. It has commonly in before the thing taught: instructor, a teacher; one who imparts knowledge: instruction, the act of teaching; information; knowledge; mandates: instructive, conveying know ledge.

Out of heaven he made thee to hear his voice, that he might instruct thee. Deuteronomy iv. 36. See this dispatched with all the haste thou can'st;

Anon I'll give thee more instruction. Shakspeare.
The father of the faithful there did dwell
Who both their parent and instructor was.
Denham's Progress of Learning.
O thou, who future things can'st represent
As present, heavenly instructor!
Instruct me, for thou knowest.
Poets, the first instructors of mankind,
Brought all things to their native proper use.
Roscommon.

Milton.

Id.

With variety of instructive expressions by speech man alone is endowed. Holder.

They speak to the merits of a cause, after the proctor has prepared and instructed the same for a hearing before the judge. Ayliffe.

I would not laugh but to instruct; or, if my mirth ceases to be instructive, it shall never cease to be innocent. Addison. Several instructors were disposed amongst this little helpless people. Id.

We have precepts of duty given us by our in-
Rogers.

structors.

yielding harmonious sounds; a writing containand often in a bad sense: that by means of which ing contract or order: used of persons, as agents, something is done; one who acts for another: instrumental, conducive to; helpful; not vocal : tally, in a manner conducive to an end: instruinstrumentality, subordinate agency: instrumenmentalness, usefulness to a definite purpose.

he

die, he is a murderer.

If he smite him with an instrument of iron, so that
Numbers xxxv. 16.
So ferforth this thing is went,
That my will was his willes instrument ;
That is to say, my will obeied his will
In all things. Chaucer. The Squieres Tale.
Thise olde gentil Bretons, in hir dayes,
Of diverse aventures maden layes
Rimeyed in hir firste Breton tonge;
Which layes with hir instruments they songe,
Or elles redea hem for hir plesance.

Id. Prologue to the Frankeleines Tale.
The joyous birdes shrouded in chearefull shade
Their notes unto the voice attempred sweet;
The angelical soft trembling voices made
To the instruments divine respondence meet.
The silver sounding instruments did meet
With the base murmur of the water's fall;
The water's fall, with difference discreet,
Now soft, now loud, unto the wird did call;
The gentle warbling wind low answered to all.

Spenser. Faerie Queene.

what in their youth, that may honestly entertain them in their age. L'Estrange.

The holiness of the first fruits and the lump is an holiness merely of institution, outward and nominal; whereas the holiness of the root is an holiness of nature, inherent and real. Atterbury. His learning was not the effect of precept or institution. Bentley.

To institute a court and country party without materials, would be a very new system in politics. Swift.

The certain feasts are instituted now,
Where Venus hears the lover's vow.

Cowper. Conversation.
Our institutions and our strong belief
Have given me power to smooth the path from sin
To higher hope and better thoughts.

Byron's Manfred.

INSTITUTE, OF INSTITUTION, in literature, is a term applied to establishments for the promotion of science generally, and was first given to the French National Institute, founded in December 1795. That nation, at the time of the Revolution, having conceived a hatred to every thing royal, abolished the seven Royal Academies, and substituted the National Institute. It was first opened the 7th of December, when Benezech, the then minister for the home department, attended, and the decree of foundation was read; which was to the following purport:-"The Academy of Arts and Sciences belongs to the republic, and Paris is its place of residence. Its employment is to aim at bringing all arts and sciences to the utmost perfection of which they are capable. It is to notice every new attempt, and all new discoveries, and to keep up a correspondence with all foreign literary societies. And, by the particular orders of the Executive Directory, its first studies are to be directed to those subjects which more immediately tend to the reputation and advantage of the French republic. The academy is to consist of 288 members, half of whom are to reside in Paris, the other half in the departments; and to them is to be added a certain number of foreigners, as honorary members, confined at present to twentyfour. The academy is divided into three classes, each class into sections, each section to contain twelve members. First class, mathematics and natural philosophy. This class is divided into ten sections. 1. Mathematics; 2. Mechanical arts; 3. Astronomy; 4. Experimental Philosophy; 5. Chemistry; 6. Natural history; 7. Botany; 8. Anatomy and animal history; 9. Medicine and surgery; 10. Animal economy, and the veterinary science. Second class, morality and politics. This class consists of six sections. 1. Analysis of sensations and ideas; 2. Morals; 3. Legislature; 4. Political economy; 5. History; 6. Geography. Third class, literature and the fine arts. This class consists of eight sections. 1. Universal grammar; 2. Ancient languages; 3. Poetry; 4. Antiquities; 5. Painting; 6. Sculp ture; 7. Architecture; 8. Music. For each class a particular room in the Louvre is appropriated. No one can be a member of two classes at the same time; but a member of one class may be present at the meetings of any other. Each class is to print, yearly, an account of its transactions. Four times a year there are to be public meetings.

On these occasions, the three classes meet together. At the end of each year, they are to give a circumstantial account to the legislative body of the progress made in that year in the arts and sciences. The prizes given yearly by each class are to be publicly notified at certain times. The sums requisite for the support of legislative body, upon a requisition made by the the institution are to be decreed yearly by the executive directory. The first forty-eight members were chosen by the executive directory, to whom the choice of the remaining members was confided. To the members residentiary in Paris is reserved the choice both of the department and the foreign members. On a vacancy in any class, three candidates are named by the class for the choice of the body at large. Each class is to have, at its place of meeting, a collection of the products, both of nature and art, and a library, according to its particular wants. The regulations of the institution, with respect to the times of meeting and its employments, are to be drawn up by the body at large, and laid before the legislative assembly. On the restoration of the house of Bourbon, every thing royal was restored, and the National Institute was reconverted to a Royal Academy. Still, however, the same objects are pursued.

The French National Institute appears to have given rise to 'The Royal Institution of Great Britain,' founded in 1799 by the celebrated count Rumford, and which is situated in Albemarle Street, Piccadilly. The establishment is upon a magnificent plan, and the building adapted to the design. It comprises, a reading room for English and foreign newspapers; a library for reference, and another for the reading of modern publications; a museum of curiosities; a mechanical repository for machinery, &c.; a chemical laboratory on a grand scale, the learned Mr. Brande being the chemical professor; and, lastly, a splendid amphitheatre for lectures, which will hold 700 persons, with a gallery capable of holding 200 more. The number of proprietors was 400, who are life-holders and subscribers. This society is incorporated, and prints its Transactions in a quarterly publication. Its members are authorised to add to their names the initials M. R. I.

INSTITUTE, in Scottish law. When by dispo sition or deed of entail a number of persons are called to the succession of an estate one after another, the person first named is called the institute, the others substitutes.

INSTITUTES, in literary history, a book containing the elements of the Roman law. The institutes are divided into books; and contain an abridgement of the whole body of the civil law, being designed for the use of students. See Law.

INSTITUTION, LONDON. See LONDON. INSTITUTION, AFRICAN. See AFRICAN INSTITUTION.

INSTITUTION, in the canon and common law, signifies the investing a clerk with the spiritualities of a rectory, &c., which is done by the bishop, who uses the following formula :-- I institute you rector of such a church with the cure of souls, and receive your cure and mine.'

restoration.

The Presbyterian merit is of little weight, when they allege themselves instrumental towards the Swift. An instrument, whose chords upon the stretch, And strained to the last screw that he can bear, Yield only discord in his Maker's ear.

Cowper. Truth. INSTRUMENTS, MUSICAL. See MUSIC. INSUBRES, INSUBRI, Or ISOMBRES, the ancient inhabitants of Insubria, a people of Gallic origin, who were conquered by the Romans, and their country made into a province.

INSUBRIA, or INSUBRIUM AGER, in ancient geography, a district of Gallia Transpadana; situated between the Ticinus on the west, the Addua on the east, the Padus on the south, and

the Orobii on the north.

INSUFFERABLE, adj. Į Lat. in and sufINSUF FERABLY, adv. fero. Not to be borne; intolerable; beyond endurance; detestable; contemptible to an extreme degree: used both in a good and bad sense.

How shall we behold the face Henceforth of God or angel, erst with joy And rapture so oft beheld? those heavenly shapes Will dazzle now this earthly with their blaze Insufferably bright. Milton's Paradise Lost. The one is oppressed with constant heat, the other with insufferable cold. Browne's Vulgar Errours.

Eyes that confessed him born for kingly sway, So fierce, they flashed insufferable day. Dryden. Though great light be insufferable to our eyes, yet the highest degree of darkness does not at all disease them; because that, causing no disorderly motion, leaves that curious organ unharmed. Locke. There is no person remarkably ungrateful, who was not also insufferably proud. South.

INSUFFICIENCE, n. s.
INSUFFICIENCY, N. s.
INSUFFICIENT, adj.

Fr. insufficience; Lat. in and sufficit. Inadequateness to INSUFFICIENTLY, adv. any end or purpose; want of requisite value or power; used of things and persons: unequal to the task: want of proper ability in an unskilful manner.

Hold ye, then, me, or elles our covent
To pray for you ben insufficient!

Chaucer. The Sompnoures Tale.

The bishop, to whom they shall be presented, may ́justly reject them as incapable and insufficient.

Spenser.

The minister's aptness or insufficiency, otherwise than by reading to instruct the flock, standeth in this place as a stranger, with whom our form of common prayer hath nothing to do.

Hooker.

We will give you sleepy crinks, that your senses, unintelligent of our insufficience, may, though they cannot praise us, as little accuse us. Shakspeare. Fasting kills by the bad state, or by the insufficient quantity of fluids. Arbuthnot on Aliments. We are weak, dependant creatures, insufficient to our own happiness, full of wants which of ourselves we cannot relieve, exposed to a numerous train of evils which we know not how to divert. Kogers. INSUFFLATION, n. s. Lat. in and sufflo. The act of breathing upon.

Imposition of hands is a custom of parents in blessing their children, but taken up by the apostles instead of that divine insufflation which Christ

used.

Hammond's Fundamentals.

Belonging to an is

insulated, not con

IN'SULAR, adj. Fr. insulaire; Lat. inIN'SULARY, adj. sula. IN'SULATED, adj. land: tiguous on any side.

Druina, being surrounded by the sea, is hardly to be invaded, having many other insulary advantages. Howel. Their loves, and feasts, and house, and dress, and mode

Of living in their insular abode.

Byron. Don Juan. Look again! Two forms are slowly shadowed on my sight, Two insulated phantoms of the brain.

Byron. Childe Harold. INSULATED, in architecture, an appellation given to such columns as stand alone.

INSULATED, in electrical experiments. When any body is prevented from communicating with the earth, by the interposition of an electric body, it is said to be insulated. See ELECTRI

And middle natures how they long to join, Yet never pass the insuperable line. INSUPPORTABLE, adj. INSUPPORTABLENESS, n.s. INSUPPORTABLY, adv.

suffering beyond endurance.

Lat. in sub porto. Not to be endura state of

ed;

But safest he who stood aloof, When insupportably his foot advanced, In scorn of their proud arms, and warlike tools, Spurned them to death by troops.

Milton's Agonistes. Then fell she to so pitiful a declaration of the insupportableness of her desires, that Dorus's ears procured his eyes with tears to give testimony how much they suffered for her sufferings. Sidney.

The thought of being nothing after death is a burden insupportable to a virtuous man; we naturally aim at happiness, and cannot bear to have it confined to our present being. Dryden.

The first day's audience sufficiently convinced me, that the poem was insupportably too long. Id. A disgrace put upon a man in company is insupportable; it is heightened according to the greatness and multiplied according to the number of the per

sons that hear.

South.

To those that dwell under or near the equator, this spring would be a most pestilent and insupportable summer; and, as for those countries that are nearer the poles, a perpetual spring will not do their business. Bentley.

Were it not for that rest which is appointed on the first day of the week, and the solemn meetings which then take place for the purposes of social worship and religious instruction, the labours of the common people, that is of the greatest part of mankind, would be insupportable. Beattie.

INSURANCE and ASSURANCE, in mercantile language, are terms used synonymously under the latter we have treated of assurances on lives, and referred to MARINE INSURANCE for that important branch of mercantile affairs. It remains only for us to attend in this place to the subject of insurance against fire.

This is a mode of providing against what might otherwise prove a ruinous contingency of human life, peculiar, of course, to a state of high civilization. The period of its first introduction into this country has not been correctly ascertained: but our oldest, which are amongst the most respectable fire offices, bear date (with the exception of the Hand in Hand, which was incorporated in 1696) in the early part of the eighteenth century. The oldest fire office in Paris is said to have commenced business so late as 1745. In Holland, though these institutions are not unknown,

The

In this metropolis, and in different parts of the kingdom, are various companies, each of which has a large capital funded, for the purpose of insuring from loss or damage by fire, buildings, furniture, goods in trade, merchandise, farming stock, ships in port, harbour, or dock, the cargoes of such ships, ships building or repairing, vessels on rivers and canals, the goods on board such vessels, &c. These articles are commonly divided into three classes:-1. Common assurances, which are effected at 2s. per cent. per annum, up to £1000; 2. Hazardous assurances, at 3s. per cent. per annum; and, 3, doubly hazardous, at 5s. per cent. per annum. mode of classification, and more detailed particulars, may be learnt from the proposals of the most respectable companies; which are-Hand in Hand Fire Office, incorporated in 1696; Sun Fire Office, incorporated in 1706; Union Fire Office, incorporated in 1714; Westminster Fire Office, incorporated in 1717; Royal Exchange Assurance Company, incorporated in 1719; London Assurance, incorporated in 1719; Phœnix Fire Office, established in 1782; Imperial Insurance Company, 1803; Globe Insurance Office, 1803; Albion, 1805; Hope, 1807; Eagle, 1807; Atlas, 1808: besides various extensive companies in the country; as in Kent, Norfolk, &c.

In 1782 a duty of 1s. 6d. was imposed on every £100 assured from loss by fire, which was increased in 1797 to 2s. per cent., in 1804 to 2s. 6d. per cent., and since that period to 3s. From the produce of this duty an estimate has been formed of the total amount of property assured from fire in Great Britain, which appears to have been nearly as

follows:

In 1785

1789

1793

1797

1801

1806

1810

£125,000,000 142,000,000

167,000,000

184,000,000

223,000,000

260,000,000

305,000,000