And the third and laft is called the Wooden Battery, mounted with fix pieces of cannon; all these are nine pounders.

The principal entrance into the Tower is by a gate to the weft, large enough to admit coaches and heavy carriages; but these are first admitted through an outer gate, and muft pafs a ftout ftone bridge, built over the ditch, before they can approach the main entrance. There is befides an entrance for perfons on foot, over the draw-bridge already mentioned to the wharf, which wharf is only divided from the main land by gates at each end, opened every day at a certain hour for the convenience of a free intercourfe between the refpective inhabitants of the Tower, the city and its fuburbs. There is also a water-gate, commonly called Traitors Gate, through which it has been customary to convey traitors, and other ftate prisoners, to or from the Tower, perhaps for greater privacy, and which is feldom opened on any other occafion; but the Lords committed to the Tower on account of the late rebellion were publicly admitted at the main entrance. Over this gate is a regular building, terminated at each end by two bastions, or round towers, on which are embrasures for pointing cannon, but there are at prefent none mounted. In this building are placed the infirmary, the mill, and waterworks that fupply the Tower with water.

Great ceremony is ufed at opening and fhutting the principal gate night and morning. A little before fix in the morning in fummer, and as foon as it is light in the winter, the yeoman porter goes to the governor's house for the keys, from whence he proceeds to the innermoft gate, attended by a ferjeant and fix men of the main guard; this gate being opened to let them pafs is again fhut, while the yeoman porter and the guard proceed to open the three outermost gates, at each of which the guards reft their firelocks,

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as do the fpur-guard while the keys pass and repass. Upon the yeoman porter's return to the innermoft gate, he calls to the wardens in waiting, to take in King George's keys; upon which the gate is opened, and the keys lodged in the warders hall till the time of locking, which is ufually about ten or eleven at night, with the fame formality as when opened. After they are fhut, the yeoman and guard proceed to the main guard, who are all under arms with the officers upon duty at their head. The ufual challenge from the main guard to the yeoman porter is, Who comes there? His answer is, The keys. The challenger fays, Pafs keys; upon which the officer orders the guard to reft their firelocks; the yeoman porter then fays, God Jave King George. Amen, is loudly answered by all the guard. From the main guard the yeoman porter with his guard proceeds to the governor's, where the keys are left; after which no perfon can go out or come in upon any pretence whatsoever till next morning, without the watch-word for the night, which is kept fo fecret, that none but the proper officers and the ferjeant upon guard, ever come to the knowledge of it; for it is the fame on the fame night in every fortified place throughout the King's dominions. When that is given by any ftranger to the centinel at the fpur-guard (or outer-gate) he communicates it to his ferjeant, who paffes it to the next on duty, and fo on till it comes to the governor, or commanding officer, by whom the keys are delivered to the yeoman porter, who attends as before; the main guard being put under arms, brings them to the outer gate, where the ftranger is admitted, and conducted to the commandant. Having made known his bufinefs, he is conducted to the outer-gate, difmiffed, the gate fhut, and the keys redelivered with all the formality as at firft.

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The principal officers to whom the government and care of the Tower is committed are, first, the Conftable of the Tower, who is usually of the highest quality, as his poft at all coronations and other ftate ceremonies is of the utmost confequence, having the crown and other regalia in his cuftody. He hath under him a lieutenant, and a deputy-lieutenant, commonly called governor, whofe offices are likewife of great dignity, a tower-major, gentleman porter, yeoman porter, gentleman gaoler, four quarter gunners, and forty wardens, whofe uniform is the fame with the king's yeomen of the guard: Upon their heads they were round flat-crowned caps, tied round with bands of party-coloured ribbands: Their coats are of a particular make, but very becoming, with large fleeves and flowing skirts, and are of fine fcarlet cloth, laced round the edges and feams with several rows of gold lace, and girt round their waifts with a broad laced girdle. Upon their breafts and backs they wear the king's filver badge, representing the thistle and rofe, on which are the letters G. R. in capitals.

Befides these, and other inferior domeftic officers, if I may be allowed to call them fo, there is always a battalion of foot guards on duty quartered in barracks, which have been lately rebuilt. The principal buildings withing the walls are the church, the white Tower, the offices of ordnance, of the mint, of the keepers of the records, the jewel office, the horsearmory, the grand ftore-house, the new or fmall armory, handfome houses for the chief officers refiding in the Tower, with many other houses for the meaner officers, and barracks for foldiers on duty, befides prisons for ftate-delinquents, which are commonly the warders houses.

The Church has nothing very remarkable belonging to it.

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The White Tower is a large fquare irregular building, fituated almoft in the center, no one fide answering to another, nor are any of its watch towers, of which there are four that ornament the top, built alike: one of these towers is now converted into an obfervatory, and indeed feems well fituated for the purpose.

The building itfelf confifts of three very lofty ftories, under which are most spacious and commodious vaults, chiefly filled with falt-petre. It is covered at top with flat leads, from whence there is an extenfive and delightful profpect.

In the first story are two fpacious rooms, one of which is a small armory for the fea-fervice, having various forts of arms very curiously laid up in it, for more than 10,000 feamen. In the other room are closets and preffes in abundance, all filled with warlike tools and inftruments of death without number. Over these are two other floors, one filled principally with arms; the other with arms and armorers tools; fuch as cheveaux de frize, pick-axes, fpades and fhovels.

-In the upper ftory is kept match, fheep's-fkins, tanned hids, &c. And in a little room fome records, containing perhaps the antient usages and privileges of the place. In this tower are likewife kept models of the new invented engines of destruction, that have from time to time been prefented to the government.

On the top of this tower is a large ciftern or refervoir for fupplying the whole garrison with water in cafe of need; it is about feven feet deep, nine in breadth, and about fixty in length, and is filled from the Thames by means of an engine very ingenioufly contrived for that purpose, of which we have already fpoken.

The Office of Ordnance is kept in Cold Harbor to which office all other offices for fupplying artillery, arms, ammunition, or other warlikes ftores to any

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part of his majesty's dominions, are accountable; from which office all orders for the difpofition of warlike materials for every kind of fervice are iflued.

The Mint is also a separate divifion, which comprehends near one third of the Tower, and contains houses for all the officers belonging to the coinage.

The office of Keeper of the Records is oppofite the platform already defcribed. It has lately been adorned with a fine carved ftone door-cafe at the entrance, and finely wainscotted within. All the rolls from King John to the beginning of the reign of Richard III. are deposited in 56 wainscot preffes in this office; those fince that time are kept at the Rolls in Chancery Lane. The rolls and records kept in the Tower contain the antient tenures of all the lands in England, with a furvey of the manors; the originals of all laws and ftatutes; the rights of England to the dominion of the British feas; leagues and treaties with foreign princes;. the atchievements of England in foreign, wars; antient grants of our kings to their fubjects; the forms of fubmiffion of the Scottish kings; writs and proceed+ ings of the courts of common law and equity; the fettlement of Ireland as to law and dominions privi leges and immunities granted to all cities and corporations during the period before-mentioned; with. many other important records; all regularly difpofed by the diligence of Sir William Dugdale, and others under his direction, and properly referred to in near a thousand folio indexes. A fearch here is half a guinea, for which you may perufe any one fubject a year. In the months of December, January, and February, this office is open only fix hours a day, but all the rest of the year eight.

The Jewel-Office is a dark ftrong ftone room, about twenty yards to the eastward of the grand ftorehoufe. The regalia. kept in this office will be fpoken of when we come to treat of the curiofities

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