SOME engagements, most noble Lord, have prevented me from answering your letter so soon as I could wish. I wished to have done it the sooner because I saw that your letter, so full of erudition, left me less occasion for sending you my advice (which I believe that you desire more out of compliment to me than of any benefit to yourself) than my congratulations. First, I congratulate myself on having been so fortunate in characterising the merits of Sallust as to have excited you to the assiduous perusal of that author, who is so full of wisdom, and who may be read with so much advantage. Of him I will venture to assert what Quintilian said of Cicero, that he who loves Sallust is no mean proficient in historical composition. That precept of Aristotle in the third book of his rhetoric, which you wish me to explain, relates to the morality of the reflections and the fidelity of the narrative. It appears to me to need little comment, except that it should be appropriated not to the compositions of rhetoric but of history. For the offices of a rhetorician and an historian are as different as the arts which they profess. Polybius, Halicarnassus, Diodorus, Cicero, Lucian, and many others, whose works are interspersed with precepts on the subject, will better teach you what are the duties of an historian. I wish you every success in your travels and pursuits. Adieu.
Westminster, Dec. 16, 1657.
To the accomplished PETER HEINBACH.
I RECEIVED your letter from the Hague the 18th December, which, as your convenience seems to require, I answer the same day on which it was received. In this letter, after returning me thanks for some favours which I am not conscious of having done, but which my regard for you makes me wish to have been real, you ask me to recommend you, through the medium of D. Lawrence, to him who is appointed our agent in Holland. This I grieve that I am not able to do, both on account of my little familiarity with those who have favours to bestow, since I have more pleasure in keeping myself at home, and because I believe that he is already on his voyage, and has in his company a per
son in the off secretary, which you are anxious to obtain. But the bearer of this is on the eve of his departure. Adieu.
Westminster, Dec. 18, 1657.
TO JOHN BADIAUS, Minister of the Church of Orange.
Most excellent and reverend sir, I believe that our friend Durius will take upon himself the blame of my not writing to you sooner. After he had shewed me that paper which you wished me to read concerning what I had done and suffered for the sake of the gospel, I wrote this letter as soon as possible, intending to send it by the first conveyance, since I was fearful that you might consider a longer silence as neglect. In the mean time I am under the greatest obligations to your friend Molin, for procuring me the esteem of the virtuous in those parts by the zeal of his friendship and the warmth of his praise; and though I am not ignorant that the contest in which I was engaged with so great an adversary, that the celebrity of the subject and the style of the composition had far and wide diffused my fame, yet I think that I can be famous only in proportion as I enjoy the approbation of the good. I clearly see that you are of the same opinion; so many are the toils you have endured, so many are the enemies whom you have provoked by your disinterested zeal in defence of the christian doctrine; and you act with so much intrepidity as to shew, that instead of courting the applause of bad men, you do not fear to excite their most inveterate hate and their most bitter maledictions. Oh happy are you whom, out of so many thousands of the wise and learned, providence has rescued from the very brink of destruction, and selected to bear a distinguished and intrepid testimony to the truth of the gospel. I have now reasons for thinking that it was a singular mercy that I did not write to you sooner; for when I understood by your letters that, threatened on all sides by the malice of your enemies, you were looking round for a place of refuge, to which you might fly in the last extremity of danger, and that you had fixed on England as the object of your wishes, I was considerably gratified, because it gave me the hope of enjoying your company, and because I was happy to find you think so favourably of my country; but I lamented that, particularly owing to your ignorance of our language, I did not see any chance of a decent provision being made for you among us. The death of an old French minister has since very opportunely occurred. The principal persons of his congregation (from whom I have received this communication) anxiously wish, or rather invite you to be chosen in his place; they have determined to pay the expences of your journey, to provide for you as large a salary as any of the French ministers receive, and to let you want nothing which can contribute to the cheerful discharge of your ecclesiastical function. Fly, I beseech you, as soon as
THE indulgence which you beg for yourself, you will rather have to bestow on me, whose turn, if I remember, it was to write. My regard for you has, believe me, suffered no diminution ; but either my studies or my domestic cares, or perhaps my indolence
so much in the frequency of your letters as in the excellence of your habits, and the degree of your moral and intellectual proficiency. On the theatre of the world on which you have entered, you have rightly chosen the path of virtue; but know there is a path common to virtue and to vice; and that it behoves you to advance where the way divides. Leaving the common track of pleasure and amusement, you should cheerfully encounter the toils and the dangers of that steep and rugged way which leads to the pinnacle of virtue. This, believe me, you will accomplish with more facility since you have got a guide of so much integrity and skill. Adieu.
Westminster, Dec. 20, 1659.
the Elector of Brandenburgh.
in writing, have made me guilty of this omission of To the accomplished PETER HEINBACH, Counsellor to duty. I am, by God's help, as well as usual. I am not willing, as you wish me, to compile a history of our troubles; for they seem rather to require oblivion than commemoration; nor have we so much need of a person to compose a history of our troubles as happily to settle them. I fear with you lest our civil dissensions, or rather maniacal agitation, should expose us to the attack of the lately confederated enemies of religion and of liberty; but those enemies could not inflict a deeper wound upon religion than we ourselves have long since done by our follies and our crimes. But whatever disturbances kings and cardinals may meditate and contrive, I trust that God will not suffer the machinations and the violence of our enemies to succeed according to their expectations. I pray that the Protestant synod, which you say is soon to meet at Leyden, may have a happy termination, which has never yet happened to any synod that has ever met before. But the termination of this might be called happy, if it decreed nothing else but the expulsion of More. As soon as my posthumous adversary shall make his appearance I request you to give me the earliest information. Adieu.
Westminster, Dec. 20, 1659.
To the noble Youth RICHARD JONES.
Ir is not strange as you write that report should have induced you to believe, that I had perished among the numbers of my countrymen who fell in a year so fatally visited by the ravages of the plague. If that rumour sprung as it seems out of a solicitude for my safety, I consider it as no unpleasing indication of the esteem in which I am held among you. But by the goodness of God, who provided for me a place of refuge in the country, I yet enjoy both life and health; which, as long as they continue, I shall be happy to employ in any useful undertaking. It gives me pleasure to think, that after so long an interval I have again occurred to your remembrance; though, owing to the luxuriance of your praise, you seem almost to lead me to suspect that you had quite forgotten one in whom you say that you admire the union of so many virtues; from such an union I might dread too numerous a progeny, if it were not evident that the virtues flourish most in penury and distress. But one of those virtues has made me but an ill return for her hospitable reception in my breast; for what you term policy, and which I wish that you had rather called patriotic piety, has, if I may so say, almost left me, who was charmed with so sweet a sound, without a country. The other virtues harmoniously agree. Our country is wherever we are well off. I will conclude after first begging you if there be any errors in the diction or the punctuation to impute it to the boy who wrote this, who is quite ignorant of Latin, and to whom I was, with no little vexation, obliged to dictate not the words, but, one by one, the letters of which they were composed. I rejoice to find that your virtues and talents, of which I saw the fair promise in your youth, have raised you to so honourable a situation under the prince; and I wish you every good which you can enjoy.
You send me a most modest apology for not writing sooner, when you might more justly have accused me of the same offence; so that I hardly know whether I should choose that you had not committed the offence or not written the apology. Never for a moment believe that I measure your gratitude, if any gratitude be due to me, by the assiduity of your epistolary communications. I shall perceive all the ardour of your grati- | Adieu. tude, since you will extol the merit of my services, not
AARON, his priesthood no pattern to | Alectus, treacherously slays his friend Ca-
ground episcopacy on, 33. Abimelech, remarks on the manner of his death, 357.
Abraham, commanded by God to send away his irreligious wife, 131. His pay- ing tithes to Melchisedec, no authority for our paying them now, 426, 430, 435. Abramites, allege the example of the an- cient fathers for image-worship, 27. Accidence, reasons for joining it and gram- mar together, 457.
Acworth, University-Orator, the memory of Bucer and Fagius celebrated by him, 160. Adam, left free to choose, 110. Created in the image of God, 178. His alliance with Eve, nearer than that of any couple since, 183.
Adda, succeeds his father Ida in the king- dom of Bernicia, 512. Adminius, son of Cunobeline, banished his
country, flees to the emperor Caligula, and stirs him up against it, 488. Adultery, not the only reason for divorce, according to the law of Moses, 125. Not the greatest breach of matrimony, 133. Punished with death by the law, 206. Our Saviour's sentence relating to it, explain- ed, 207.
Eduans, in Burgundy, employ the Britons to build their temples and public edifices,
Aganippus, a Gaulish king, marries Cor- deilla, daughter of King Leir, 480. Re- stores her father to his throne, ib. Agatha, decree of the council there, con- cerning divorce, 214. Agricola, son of Severianus, spreads the Pe- Jagian doctrine in Britain, 505. Aidan, a Scotch bishop, sent for by Oswald, to settle religion, 519. Has his episcopal seat at Lindisfarne, ib. Dies for grief of the murder of Oswin, 520. Alaric, takes Rome from the emperor Ho- norius, 501.
Alban, of Verulam, with others, suffers mar- tyrdom under Dioclesian, 409. Albanact, one of the three sons of Brutus, that has Albania, now Scotland, for his share in the kingdom, 478.
Albert, said to have shared the kingdom of the East-Angles with Humbeanna after Elfwald, 528.
Albina, said to be the eldest of Dioclesian's 50 daughters, 476. From her the name Albion derived, ib.
Albion, the ancient name of this island, 476. Whence derived, ib. Alciat, his opinion concerning divorce, 218. Alered slaving Ethelwald, usurps the king- dom of the Northumbrians, 525. Aldfrid, recalled from Ireland, succeeds his brother Ecfrid in the Northumbrian king- dom, 523. Leaves Osred, a child, to suc- ceed him, ib.
Aldulf, nephew of Etheldwald, succeeds king of the East-Angles, 528.
rausius, 498. Is overthrown by Asclepio- dotus, and slain, 499.
Alemannus, reported one of the four sons of Histion, descended from Japhet; of whom the Alemanni or Germans, 476. Alfage, archbishop of Canterbury, inhu- manly used by the Danes, 547. Killed by Thrun, a Dane, in commiseration of his misery, ib.
Alfred, the fourth son of Ethelwolf, and successor of his brother Ethelred, encoun- ters the Danes at Wilton, 533. Routs the whole Danish power at Edinton, and brings them to terms, 534 He is said to have bestowed the East-Angles upon Gy- tro, a Danish king, who had been lately baptized, ib. A long war afterwards maintained between him and the Danes, ib. 535. He dies in the 30th year of his reign, and is buried at Winchester, 535. His noble character, ib. 536. Alfwold, driving out Eardulf, usurps the kingdom of Northumberland, 528. Algar, earl of Howland, now Holland, Mor- car, lord of Brunne, and Osgot, governor of Lincoln, kill a great multitude of Danes in battle, with three of their kings, 532 Overpowered by numbers, and drawn into a snare, Algar dies valiantly fighting, ib. Algar, the son of Leofric, banished by King Edward, joins Griffin prince of South- Wales, 557. Unable to withstand Harold earl of Kent, submits to the king, and is restored, ib. Banished again, he recovers his earldom by force, ib. Alipius, made deputy of the British pro- vince, in the room of Martinus, 499. Alla, begins the kingdom of Deira, in the south part of Northumberland, 512, 513. Alric, king of Kent, after Ethelbert the 2d, 526. With him dying, ends the race of Hengist, 527.
Ambassador. See French, Spanish, &c. Ambassadors of Christ, who style them- selves so, 435. Not to ask maintenance of those to whom they are sent, ib. Ambrose, his notion of wedlock, 214 Ex- communicated Theodosius, 334. His con- duct to that emperor remarked, 365. Re- sists the higher powers, contrary to his own doctrine, 373.
Ambrosius Aurelianus, dreaded by Vorti- gern, 509. Defeats the Saxons, ib. Un- certain whether the son of Constantine the usurper, or the same with Merlin, and son of a Roman consul, ib. Succeeds Vortigern as chief monarch of the isle, ib. Ames, Dr. his definition of marriage, 186. Anabaptists, accused of denying infants their right to baptism, 563. Anacletus, the friend of King Pandrasus, taken in fight by Brutus, 477. Forced by Brutus to betray his countrymen, ib. Andragius, one in the catalogue of ancient British kings, 482.
Andrews, bishop, and the primate of Ar-
magh, maintain that church-government is to be patterned from the law, 32. Their arguments for episcopacy examined, 34, &c.
Androgeus, one of Lud's sons, has London
assigned him, and Kent, 492. Forsakes his claim to the kingdom, and follows Cæsar's fortune, 488.
Angels, of the seven Asian churches, whe- ther to be taken collectively, or individu- ally, 67.
Anger, and laughter, why first seated in the breast of men, 55. Animadversions on the Remonstrant's De- fence against Smectymnuus, 55. Anlaf the Dane, with his army of Irish, and Constantine king of Scotland. utterly dis- comfited by King Athelstan, 539. Anna succeeds Sigebert in the kingdom of the East-Angles, 520. Is slain in war by Penda the Mercian, ib. Antigonus, the brother of King Pandrasus, taken in fight by Brutus, 477. Antinomianism and Familism, considered,
Antioch, had not the name of Theopolis, till Justinian's time, 24.
Antiquity, custom, canons, and councils, no warrant for superstitious practices, 65. Antoninus, sent against the Caledonians, by his father Severus, 498. After whose death he takes hostages, and departs to Rome, ib.
Antony, Mark, quoted by Salmasius for the prerogative royal, 353. Apocalypse, of St. John, the majestic image of a stately tragedy, 43. Apology for Smectymnuus, 75. Apostles, instituted presbyters to govern the church, 38 Appointed a number of grave and faithful brethren to assist the minister of each congregation, 49. Not properly bishops, 316.
Arcadia, Sir Philip Sidney's; K. C.'s prayer stolen thence, 279. Archigallo, deposed for his tyranny, 482. Being restored by his brother, he then reigns worthily, ib. Archimailus, one in the number of ancient British kings, 482. Areopagitica, speech for unlicensed print- ing under that title, 103. Areopagus, judges of, condemn the books of Protagoras to be burned, 105. Aretius, his opinion concerning divorce,
the Lacedemonians, 385. His definition | Basil, his opinion as to divorce, 214. Calls of a tyrant, 406.
Arminians, their tenets, 563.
Armorica in France, peopled by Britons that fled from the Saxons, 508. Army, English, offered the spoil of London, if they would destroy the parliament, 284. Obedience and fidelity to the supreme magistrates recommended to them, 439. Aron, a British martyr under Dioclesian,
Arthur, the victory at Badon-hill, by some ascribed to him, which by others is attri buted to Ambrose, 510. Who he was, and whether the author of such famous acts as are related of him, ib. 511. Artis Logicæ plenior Institutio, 861. Arviragus, engaging against Claudius, keeps up the battle to a victory, by per- sonating his slain brother Guiderius,
Ascham, Anthony, sent as agent to Spain, from the English commonwealth, 589. Justice demanded of the king of Spain against his murderers, 591. Assaracus, a Trojan prince, joins with Brutus against Pandrasus, 477. Assembly of divines, Tract of divorce ad- dressed to them, 120.
Athanasius, his notion concerning kings, 365.
Athelstan, the son of King Edward the elder, by a concubine, solemnly crowned at Kingston upon Thames, 538. The con- spiracy of one Alfred and his accomplices against him discovered, ib. He gives his sister Edgith to Sitric the Dane, but drives Anlaf and Guthfert out of their kingdom, ib. The story of his dealing with his brother Edwin, questioned as improba. ble, ib. 539. He overthrows a vast army of Scotch and Irish, under Anlaf and Constantine, king of Scotland, 539. He dies at Gloucester, and is buried at Malmsbury, 540. His character, ib. Athens, their magistrates took notice only of two sorts of writings, 105. Atticots invade the south coast of Britain, 500.
Augustus, libels burnt, and the authors punished by him, 105.
Aulus Plautius sent against Britain by the emperor Claudius, 488. He overthrows Caractacus and Togodumnus, 489. Is very much put to it by the Britons, ib. Sends to Claudius to come over, and joins with him, ib. Leaves the country quiet, and returns triumphant to Rome, ib.
Aurelius Conanus, a British king, one of the five that is said to have reigned to- ward the beginning of the Saxon hep- tarchy, 513.
Austin, what he accounted a becoming solace for Adam, 181. Allows fornication a sufficient cause for divorce, 214. His opinion why God created a wife for Adam, 225. A maintainer of the clergy's right to tithes, 429. Sent with others from Rome, to preach the gospel to the Saxons, 514. Is received by King Ethel- bert, who hears him in a great assembly, ib. 515. Is ordained archbishop of the English, 515. Hath his seat at Canter- bury, ib. Summons together the British bishops, requiring them to conform with him in points wherein they ditlered, 516. Upon their refusal, he stirs up Ethelfrid against them, to the slaughter of 1200 monks, 516.
Austria, archduke of, see Leopold. Autarchy, mentioned by Marcus Aurelius, what it is, 354.
Authorities, for the difference of bishops and presbyters, not to be depended on, 23.
Badiaus, John, letter to, 962. Badon-hill, the ill improvement the British made of their success there, 512. Bangor, monks of, live by their own labour, 516. Go to a conference with Austin, ib. Baptism, sacrament of, seems cancelled by the sign added thereto, 46. Barclay, traduces the English as to their religious tenets, 40.
Bardus, one of the first race of kings, fabled to have reigned in this island, 476. De- scended from Samothes, ib.
the bishops slaves of slaves, 317. Bath, by whom built, 479. Its medicinal waters dedicated to Minerva, ib. Bees, the government among them quoted to prove the pope's supremacy, 330. Belfast, representation and exhortation of the presbytery there, 200, &c. Remarks on them, 266, &c.
Belgia, Helvetia, and Geneva, their church- men remarkable for learning, 71. Belinus succeeds his father Dunwallo, 481. His contentions with his brother Bren- nus, ib. Their reconciliation, ib. Built the Tower of London, ib. Beorn, precedes Ethelred in the kingdom of the East-Angles, 528. Bericus, fleeing to Rome, persuades the em- peror Claudius to invade this island, 488. Berinus, a bishop sent by pope Honorius, converts the West-Saxons and their kings to Christianity, 519. Bernicia, kingdom of, in Northumberland, begun by Ida the Saxon, 511.
Bernulf, usurping the kingdom of Mercia from Keolwulf, is overthrown by Ecbert at Ellandune, 528. Fleeing to the East- Angles, is by them slain, ib.
Beza, his interpretation of the word peaẞu- TEPLOV, 66. His opinion, of regulating sin by apostolic laws, not sound, 148. His testimony concerning Martin Bucer, 159. His notion concerning divorce, 218. Bible, put by the papists in the first rank of prohibited books, 108. Bigot, Emeric, letter to, 960. Birthric, king of the West Saxons after Kin- wulf, 526. Secretly seeks the life of Ec- bert, 527. Is poisoned by a cup which his wife had prepared for another, 528. Bishop and deacon, the only ecclesiastical orders mentioned in the gospel, 28. Bishop and presbyter, two names to signify the same order, 27. Equally tyrants over learning, if licensing be brought in, 113. Bishopric, the author's opinion of it, 91. Bishops, have been as the Canaanites and Philistines to this kingdom, 13. By their opposition to King John, Normandy lost, he deposed, and the kingdom made over to the pope, ib. No bishop, no king, an absurd position, ib. Sometimes we read of two in one place, 26. Not an order above presbyters, ib Elected with con- tention and bloodshed, 37. St. Paul's de- scription of and exhortation to them, 65. Not to be compared with Timothy, 67. If made by God, yet the bishopric is the king's gift, 71. Most potent, when princes happen to be most weak, 316. Bladud, the son of Rudhuddibras, builds Caerbadus, or Bath, 479.
Bleduno, one in the number of the ancient British kings, 482. Blegabredus, his excellency in music, 482. Blindness, instances of men of worth af- flicted with, 926.
Boadicea, the wife of Prasutagus, together with her daughters, abused by the Roman soldiers, 491. Commands in chief in the British army against the Romans, 492. Vanquished by Suetonius, supposed to have poisoned herself, 493. Bodin, though a papist, affirms presbyte- rian church-discipline to be best, 48. Bonomattai, Benedict, letters to, 953. Bonosus, endeavouring to make himself emperor, but vanquished by Probus, hangs himself, 498. A sarcasm on his drunkenness, ib.
Books, the heinous crime of killing good ones, 104. Some good, some bad; left to each man's discretion, 107. Those of pa- pists suffered to be sold and read, 565. Bordelloes, author's defence from the ac- cusation of frequenting them, 80. Boris procures the death of the emperor of Russia, and then ascends the throne, 575. His method to procure the people's love, ib.
Bowes, Sir Jerom, ambassador from Queen Elizabeth to Russia, his reception and negociations at that court, 579-581. Bracton, the power of kings limited, ac- cording to him, 400. Bradshaw, John, character of, 937. Bradshaw, Richard, sent as agent from the English commonwealth, to Hamborough, Brandenburgh, Frederic William, marquis of, Oliver's letters to him, 624, 625. Bras, Lord Henry de, letters to, 960, 962. Breme, the Protector's letters to the consuls and senators of that city, 605, 624
Brennus and Belinus, the sons of Dun- wallo Mulmutius, contend about the kingdom, 481. After various conflicts, reconciled by their mother Conuvenna, ib. They turn their united forces into foreign parts, but Belinus returns and reigns long in peace, ib.
Britain, history of the affairs thereof alto- gether obscure and uncertain, until the coming of Julius Cæsar, 475. Inhabited before the flood probably, ib. By whom first peopled, 476. Named first Samothea from Samothes, ib. Next Albion, and whence, ib. Fruitful of courageous men, but not of able governors, 503. Britomarus, mentioned by Florus, a Briton, 481.
Britons, about forty years without a king, after the Romans quitted the island, 396. Stoutly oppose Cæsar at his landing, 484. Offer him terms of peace, ib. Their manner of fighting, 485, 496. A suarp dispute between the Britons and the Romans near the Stour in Kent, 486. De- feated by Cæsar, and brought anew to terms of peace, 487. Their nature and customs, ib. 488. Their massacre of the Romans, 492. This revenged by the Romans, 493. Lived formerly promiscu- ously and incestuously, 497. They are acquitted of the Roman jurisdiction by the emperor Honorius, not able to defend them against their enemies, 501. Again supplicate Honorius for aid, who spares them a Roman legion, 504. And again a new supply, ib. Their submissive let- ters to Etius the Roman consul, 505. Their luxury and wickedness, and cor- ruptions of their clergy, 506, 512 Their embassy to the Saxons for their aid against the Scots and Picts, with the Saxons' answer, 507. Miserably harassed by the Saxons whom they called in, ib. Routed by Kerdic, 510. By Kenric and Keaulin, 512, 513. By Cuthulf, 513. To- tally vanquish Keaulin, ib. Are put to flight by Kenwalk, 521.
Brittenburgh, near Leyden, built or seized on by the Britons in their escape from Hengist, 508.
Britto, named among the four sons of His- tion, sprung of Japhet, and from him the Britons said to be derived, 476. Brook, Lord, for toleration, 117. Brownists, who are so, according to Sal- masius, 385.
Brutus, said to be descended from Eneas a Trojan prince, 476. Retiring into Greece after having unfortunately killed his father, he delivers his countrymen from the bondage of Pandrasus, 477. Marries Innogen, the eldest daughter of Pandrasus, ib. Lands upon a desert island called Leogecia, ib. Where he consults the oracle of Diana, ib. Meets with Corineus, 478. Overcomes Goffa- rius Pictus, ib. Arrives in this island, ib. Builds Troja Nova, now London, ib. Dies and is buried there, ib.
Brutus surnamed Greenshield, succeeds Ebranc, and gives battle to Brunchildis, 479.
Bucer, Martin, testimonies of learned men concerning him, 159, &c. His opinion concerning divorce, embraced by the church of Strasburgh, 161. His treatise of divorce dedicated to Edward VI, 164. Remarkable conclusion of his treatise of divorce, 173.
Buchanan, censured as an historian, 501, 515, 538.
Buckingham, duke of, accused of poisoning King James the first, 277. Burhed, reduces the north Welsh to obe dience, 530. Marries Ethelswida the daughter of King Ethelwolf, ib. Driven out of his kingdom by the Danes, he flees to Rome, where dying, he is buried in the English school, 533. His kingdom let out by the Danes to Kelwulf, ib. Burials, reasons against taking of fees for them, 430.
Cadwallon, see Kedwalla. Casar, the killing him commended as a glorious action by M. Tullius, 382, 390. See Julius Cæsar. Caius Sidius Geta, behaves himself valiant- ly against the Britons, 499. Caius Volusenus, sent into Britain by Ce sar, to make discovery of the country and people, 494.
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