intention of making his escape another way, which was to get over the Severn into Wales, and so get either to Swansea, or some other of the sea towns that he knew had commerce with France; besides that he "remembered several honest gentlemen" that were of his acquaintance. However, the scheme was abandoned, and the king fled to the southward by Madeley, Boscobel, &c., to Cirencester, Bristol, and into Dorsetshire, and thence to Brighton, where he embarked for France on the 15th Oct., 1651. Lancaiach is still in possession of the Prichard family, descendants of Col. Prichard.

There is a tradition that Charles I. slept there on his way from Cardiff Castle to Brecon, in 1645, and the tester of the bed in which his Majesty slept is stated to have been in the possession of a Cardiff antiquary now deceased. The facts of the case appear in the Iter Carolinum, printed by Peck (Desiderata Curiosa). The king stayed at Cardiff from the 29th July to the 5th August, 1645, on which day he dined at Llancaiach, and supped at Brecon. J. M. T.

"Ex Pede Herculem" (Vol. iii., p. 302.).-The following allusion to the foot of Hercules occurs in Herodotus, book iv. section 82.:

«Ίχνος Ἡρακλέος φαίνουσι ἐν πέτρῃ ἐνεὸν, τὸ οἶκε μὲν βήματι ἀνδρὸς, ἔστι δὲ τὸ μέγαθος δίπηχυ, παρὰ τὸν Τύρην ποταμὸν.” ALFRED GATTY.

The origin of this phrase is connected with the following story:-A certain Greek (whose name has for the present escaped me, but who must have been ready to contribute to the "NOTES AND QUERIES" of his time) was one day observed carefully "stepping" over the atλós or footrace-course at Olympia; and he gave as a reason for so doing, that when that race-course was originally marked out, it was exactly six hundred times as long as Hercules' foot (that being the distance Hercules could run with out taking breath): so that by ascertaining how many times the length of his own foot it contained, he would know how much Hercules' foot exceeded

his foot in length, and might therefrom calculate

how much Hercules' stature exceeded that of ordinary men of those degenerate days.

Ecclesfield.

J. EASTWOOD.

This proverb does not appear to be of classical origin. Several proverbs of a similar meaning are collected in Diogenian, v. 15. The most common is, êk Tŵv ỏvýxwv Tòv λéovra, ex ungue leonem. The allusion to Hercules is probably borrowed from some fable. L.

Bucaneers (Vol. i., p. 400.).-Your correspondent C. will find an interesting account of the

Bucaneers in a poem by M. Poirié St. Aurèle, entitled Le Flibustier, and published by Ambroise Dupont & Co., Paris, 1827. The Introduction and Notes furnish some curious particulars relative to the origin, progress, and dissolution of those once celebrated pirates, and to the daring exploits of their principal leaders, Montauban, Grammont, Monbars, Vand-Horn, Laurent de Graff, and Sir H. Morgan. The book contains many facts which go far to support Bryan Edwards's favourable opinion. I may add that the author derives the French word flibustier from the English freebooter, and the English word bucaneer from the French boucanier; which latter word is derived from boucan, an expression used by the Caribs to de scribe the place where they assembled to make a repast of their enemies taken in war. HENRY H. BREEN.

St. Lucia, March, 1851.

God's Acre (Vol. iii., p. 284.).-By a Sazon phrase, MR. LONG FELLOW undoubtedly meant German. In Germany Gottes-acker is a name for churchyard; and it is to be found in Wachter's Glossarium Germanicum, as well as in modern dictionaries. It is true there is the other word Kirchhof, perhaps of more modern date.

"Gots-aker. Cæmeterium. Quasi ager Dei, quia corpora defunctorum fidelium comparantur semini. 1 Cor. xv. 36., observante Keyslero in Antiq. Septentr. p. 109."-Wachter's Gloss. Germanicum.

Very interesting are also the other allegorical of the dead. They are enlarged upon in Minnames which have been given to the burial-places shew's Guide to Tongues, under the head “Churchyard."

God's Acre. The term God's Acre, as applied to a church-garth, would seem to designate the consecrated ground set apart as the resting-place of His faithful departed, sown with immortal seed (1 Cor. xv. 38.), which shall be raised in glory at the great harvest (Matt. xiii. 39.; Rev. xiv. 15.). The church-yard is "dedicated wholly and only for Christian burial," and "the bishop and ordinary of the diocese, as God's minister, in God's stead accepts it as a freewill offering, to be severed from all former profane and common uses, to be held as holy ground," and "to be God's storehouse for the bodies of His saints there to be interred." See Bishop Andrewes' Form of Consecration of Churchyard," Minor Works, pp. 328-333., Oxf., 1846. MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M. A.

66

P.S. When was the name of Poet's Corner first attached to the south transept of Westminster Abbey?

Jermyn Street.

Abbot Eustacius, of whom J. L. (Vol. iii., p. 141.) asks, was the Abbot of Flay, and came over from Normandy to England, and preached all through this kingdom with much effect in the beginning of John's reign, A. D. 1200, as Roger Ilovedene tells us, Annal., ed. Savile, London, 1596, fos. 457. b, 466. b. Wendover (iii. 151.) and Matt. Paris in anno, mention him. D. ROCK.

Vox Populi Vox Dei (Vol. iii., p. 288.) is, I find, a much older proverb in England than Edward III.'s reign, for whose coronation sermon it was chosen the text, not by Simon Mepham, but Walter Reynolds, as your correspondent ST. JOHNS rightly says. Speaking of the way in which St. Odo yielded his consent to be Abp. of Canterbury, circ. A. D. 920, William of Malmesbury writes: "Recogitans illud proverbium, Vox populi vox Dei." -De Gestis Pont., L. i. fo. 114., ed. Savile.

D. ROCK.

Francis Moore and his Almanack (Vol. iii., p. 263.).—Mr. Knight, in his London, vol. iii. p. 246., throws a little light on this subject:

"The renowned Francis Moore seems to have made his first appearance about the end of the seventeenth century. He published a Kalendarium Ecclesiasticum in 1699, and his earliest Vox Stellarum or Almanac, as far as we can discover, came out in 1701," &c.

But Mr. Knight is not sure that "Francis Moore" was not a nom de guerre, although at p. 241. he gives the portrait of the "Physician" from an anonymous print, published in 1657.

Abridge.

A. A.

There is an Irish edition published in Drogheda, sold for threepence, and embellished with a portrait of Francis Moore. Can Ireland claim this worthy? Many farmers and others rely much on the weather prophecies of this almanack. A tenant of mine always announces to me triumphantly that "Moore is right:" but his triumphs come at very long intervals. K.

I can answer part of H. P. W.'s Query. Francis Moore's celebrated Almanack first appeared in 1698. We have this date upon his own confession. Before his Almanack for 1771 is a letter which begins thus:

"Kind Reader,

"This being the 73rd year since my Almanack first appeared to the world, and having for several years presented you with observations that have come to pass to the admiration of many, I have likewise presented you with several hieroglyphics," &c.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

That such a personage really did exist there can be little doubt. Bromley (in Engraved Portraits, &c.) gives 1657 as the date of his birth, and says that there was a portrait of him by Drapentier ad vivum. Lysons mentions him as one of the remarkable men who, at different periods, resided at Lambeth, and says that his house was in Calcott's Alley, High Street, then called Back Lane, where he seems to have enlightened his generation in the threefold capacity of astrologer, physician, and schoolmaster. J. C. B,

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGues, etc. Professor De Morgan has just furnished a new contribution to L'Art de vérifier les Dates, in the shape of a small but most useful and practical book, entitled The Book of Almanacks, with an Index of Reference, by which the Almanack may be found for every year, whether in the Old Style or New, from any Epoch Ancient or Modern up to A.D. 2000 With means of finding the Day of any New or Full Moon from B. c. 2000 to a. D. 2000. An example will show, better even than this ample title-page, the great utility of this work to the historical enquirer. Walter Scott, speaking of the battle of Bannockburn, which was fought on the day of St. John the Baptist, June 24, 1314, says,

"It was a night of lovely June,

High rose in cloudless blue the moon." Now, should the reader be desirous of testing the accuracy of this statement, (and how many statements have ere this been tested by the fact of the moon's age!), he turns to Professor De Morgan's Index, which at 1314 gives Epact 3., Dominical Letter F., Number of Almanack 17. Turning to this almanack, he finds that the 24th June was on a Monday; from the Introduction (p. xiii.) and a very easy calculation, he learns that the full moon of June, 1314, would be on the 27th, or within a day, and from a more exact method (at p. xiv.), that the full moon was within two hours of nine a. M., on the 28th. So that Sir Walter was correct, there being more than half moon on the night of which he was speaking. Such an instance as the one cited will show how valuable the Book of Almanacks must prove to all historical students, and what a ready test it furnishes as to accuracy of dates, &c. It must take its place on every shelf beside Sir H. Nicolas' Chronology of History.

We doubt not that many of our readers share our feeling as to the importance of children's books, from the influence they may be destined to exercise upon generations yet unborn. To all such we shall be doing acceptable service by pointing out Mrs. Alfred Gatty's little volume, The Fairy Godmothers and other Tales, as one which combines the two essentials of good books for children; namely, imagination to attract, and sound morals to instruct. Both these requisites will be found in Mrs. Gatty's most pleasing collection of tales, which do not require the very clever frontispiece by Miss Barker to render the volume an acceptable gift to all "good little Masters and Mistresses."

CATALOGUES OF JOHN RUSSELL

SMITH'S LITERARY COLLECTIONS.

1. Parts I. and II. of a Classified Catalogue of 25,000 Ancient and Modern Pamphlets.

2. Books on the History and Topography of Great Britain, arranged in Counties.

3. Twelve Hundred Books and Pamphlets relating to America.

4. Five Hundred Books relating to the Counties of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey.

5. Ancient Manuscripts, Deeds, Charters, and other Documents relating to English Families and Counties.

6. Parts II. and III. for 1851, of Choice, Useful, and Curious Books, in most Classes of Literature, containing 1600 articles.

Any of the above Catalogues may be had, gratis, on application, or any one will be sent by post on receipt of four postage labels to frank it.

4. Old Compton Street, Soho, London.

Just published, 12mo. cloth, 5s.

THE DHAMTONSHIRE. A Glossary of Northampton HE DIALECT AND FOLK-LORE OF

shire Provincialisms, Collection of Fairy-Legends, Popular Superstitions, &c. By THOMAS STERNBERG.

"A skilful attempt to record a local dialect."-Notes and Queries, No. 72. "Mr. Sternberg has evinced a striking and peculiar aptitude for this branch of enquiry."- Northampton Mercury.

"The notes on Folk-lore are curious, and worthy consultation." Gentleman's Magazine.

J. RUSSELL SMITH, 4. Old Compton Street, Soho, London.

WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND

ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. Parliament Street, London.

VALUABLE NEW PRINCIPLE.

Payment of premiums may be occasionally suspended without forfeiting the policy, on a new and valuable plan, adopted by this society only, as fully detailed in the prospectus.

A. SCRATCHLEY, M. A.,

Actuary and Secretary; Author of "Industrial Investment and Emigration; being a Second Edition of a Treatise on Benefit Building Societies, &c." Price 10s. 6d.

London: J. W. PARKER, West Strand.

COMMITTEE FOR THE REPAIR

OF THE

TOMB OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER. JOHN BRUCE, Esq., Treas. S.A., 5. Upper Gloucester Street, Dorset Square.

J. PAYNE COLLIER, Esq., V.P.S.A., Geys House, Maidenhead.

PETER CUNNINGHAM, Esq., F.S.A., Madeley Villas, Kensington.

WILLIAM RICHARD DRAKE, Esq., F.S.A., Honorary Treasurer, 46. Parliament Street.

THOMAS W. KING, Esq., F.S.A, York Herald, College of Arms, St. Paul's.

SIR FREDERICK MADDEN, K.H., British Museum.

JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A., 25. Parliament St. HENRY SHAW, Esq., F.S.A., 37. Southampton Row, Russell Square.

SAMUEL SHEPHERD, Esq., F.S.A., Marlborough Square, Chelsea.

WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq.. F.S.A., Honorary Secretary, 25. Holy-Well Street, Millbank, Westminster.

THE TOMB OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY stands in need of repair. The portrait and the inscriptions have disappeared; the overhanging canopy has suffered damage; the table is chipped and broken; the base is fast mouldering into irretrievable decay.

Such an announcement is calculated to stir every heart that can respond to the claims of poetry, or feel grateful for the delight which it affords to every cultivated mind. It summons us,

like the sound of a trumpet, "To the rescue!" It cannot be that the first and almost the greatest of English bards should ever be allowed to want a fitting memorial in our "Poet's Corner," or that the monument which was erected by the affectionate respect of Nicholas Brigham, nearly three centuries ago, should, in our time, be permitted to crumble into dust.

A sum under One Hundred Pounds will effect a perfect repair. It is thought that there can be no difficulty in raising such a sum, and that multitudes of people in various conditions of life, and even in distant quarters of the globe, who venerate the name of Chaucer, and have derived instruction and delight from his works, will be anxious to contribute their mite to the good deed. The Committee have therefore not thought it right to fix any limit to the subscription; they themselves, with the aid of several distinguished noblemen and gentlemen, have opened the list with a contribution from each of them of Five Shillings, but they will be ready to receive any amount, more or less, which those who value poetry and honour Chaucer may be kind enough to remit to them.

The design of the Committee is sanctioned by the approval of the Earl of Carlisle, the Earl of Ellesmere, the Earl of Shaftes bury, Lord Braybrooke, Lord Londesborough, Lord Mahon, the Right Hon. C. W. W. Wynn, and by the concurrence of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster.

An account of the sums received and expended will be published when the work is completed.

Subscriptions are received by all the members of the Committee, and at the Union Bank, Pall Mall East. Post-office orders may be made payable to William Richard Drake, Esq., the Treasurer, 46. Parliament Street, at the Charing Cross Office.

INTRODUCTION.

The Romans in England - Their Villas and Houses Ordinary Plan of a Roman House-Method of Building-The Saxons -Their Style of Building; they probably occupied Roman Houses- A Saxon Hall Houses of Winchester and London in the Saxon Period- Decoration of Buildings-Romanesque Style of Architecture introduced during the Saxon Period-Drawings in Saxon MSS., their Character and Value as Architectural Evidence- The Greek, or Byzantine School; its Influence on Saxon Art-Antiquity of Chimneys; None at Rome in the Fourteenth Century-Character of the Military Buildings of the Saxons

General Remarks-Imperfect Character of existing Remains of the Twelfth Century-Materials for the History of Domestic Architecture; their Nature - General Plan of Houses at this Date Halls-Other Apartments of Ordinary Houses - Bedchamber, Kitchen, Lard-r, &c. - King's Houses at Clarendon and other Places Hall, always the Chief Feature of a Norman House-Alexander Necham, his Description of a House Plan of Norman Halls-Their Roofs Situation of other Apartments relatively to the Hall Kitchens - Cooking in the Open AirBayeux Tapestry Remains of a Norman House at Appleton, Berks Fences, Walls, &c. Some Norman Houses built in the form of a Parallelogram, and of Two Stories - Boothby Pagnell, Lincolnshire-Christ Church, Hants-Jews' House at LincolnMoyses' Hall, Bury St. Edmund's - Staircases, Internal and External-External Norman Stair at Canterbury-Houses at Southampton-Building Materials Use of Lead for Roofs - English Lead exported to France-Style of Norman Roofs-Metal Work; Hinges, Locks, Nail-heads, &c. - Gloucester celebrated for its Iron Manufactures-External Decoration of Buildings-Windows -Glazing-Fire-places- Kitchens open in the Roof - Hostelry of the Prior of Lewes Internal Walls Plastered Furniture of Houses, Tapestry, &c. - Floors, generally of Wood Character London Houses in the Twelfth Century-Assize of 1189 regulating Buildings in London - Assize of the Year 1212 relating to the same Subject - Majority of London Houses chiefly of Wood and Thatched-Wages of Workmen-Cookshops on Thames SideChimneys not mentioned in the London Assizes, &c.

CHAPTER II.-EXISTING REMAINS.

Oakham Castle, Rutlandshire - The King's House, Southampton Minster, Isle of Thanet - Christ Church, HantsManor-house at Appleton Sutton Courtney, Berks St. Mary's Guild, and Jews' Houses, Lincoln Staircase, CanterburyWarnford, Hants - Fountain's Abbey-Priory, Dover- Moyses' Hall, Bury St. Edmund's-Hostelry of the Prior of Lewes, Southwark-Boothby Pagnell, Lincolnshire Barnack, Northamptonshire School of Pythagoras, Cambridge - Notes on Remains of Early Domestic Architecture in France.

CHAPTER III.-THIRTEENTH CENTURY. General Remarks-Hall at Winchester-Reign of Henry III. remarkable for the Progress of Architecture-Condition of Nor

man Castles in the Thirteenth Century-Plan of Manor-houses at this Date-House built for Edward 1. at Woolmer, HantsDescription of House at Toddington, by M. Paris-Meaning of term Palatium - Longthorpe, Stoke-Say Castle-West Deane, Sussex-Aydon Castle-Little Wenham Hail-Two Halls at Westminster, temp Henry III.-Temporary Buildings erected at Westminster for the Coronation of Edward I.-Private Hospitality in this Century-Kitchens-Wardrobes-Influence of Feudal Manners on Domestic Architecture-Building Materials -Wood extensively used-Manor-house of Timber engraved on a Personal Seal-Extensive Use of Plaster-Roofs of the Thirteenth Century-Windows-Glass and Glazing-Digression on the History of Glass-making in England-No Glass made in England until the Fifteenth Century-Wooden Lattices, Fenestrals, &c.-Fire-places and Chimneys-Mantels-Staircases, External and Internal-Internal Decoration of Houses-Wainscote -Polychrome-Artists of the Time of Henry III.; their StyleTheir Names-Spurs, Screens, &c.-Tapestry not used in Private Dwellings in the Thirteenth Century. Flooring-Tiles-Baths Cameræ Privatæ-Conduits and Drains-Houses in TownsParisian Houses-Other Foreign Examples-Furniture-Carpets -General State of England in the Thirteenth Century-State of Towns-London and Winchester compared-TravellingHackneymen-Inns-State of Trade in England-AgricultureRemarks on Horticulture.

CHAPTER IV.-THIRTEENTH CENTURY.-EXISTING

REMAINS.

Aydon Castle, Northumberland-Godmersham, Kent-Little Wenham Hall, Suffolk-Longthorpe, near Peterborough-Charney Basset, Berks-Master's House, St. John's Hospital, Northampton-Stoke-Say Castle, Shropshire-Coggs, OxfordshireCottesford, Oxfordshire-Parsonage House, West Tarring, Sussex -Archdeacon's House, Peterborough Crowhurst, SussexBishop's Palace, Wells-Woodcroft Castle, NorthamptonshireOld Rectory House, West Deane, Sussex-Acton Burnell, Shropshire Somerton Castle, Lincolnshire-Old Soar, Kent-The King's Hall at Winchester-The Priory, Winchester-Stranger's Hall, Winchester-House at Oakham, known as Flore's House -Thame, Oxfordshire-Chipping-Norton, Oxfordshire-Middleton Cheney, Oxfordshire-Sutton Courtney, Berkshire.

CHAPTER V.-HISTORICAL ILLUSTRATIONS. Extracts from the Liberate Rolls of Henry 111., 1229–1259, relating to the following places:Bridgenorth Brigstock - BrillBristol CanterburyClarendon Cliff Clipstone- Corfe Castle-Dover- Dublin - Evereswell Feckenham Freemantle Geddington Gillingham Gloucester Guildford Havering - HerefordHertford Kennington - Litchfield London, (Tower) - Ely House Ludgershall - Marlborough -Newcastle Northampton Nottingham Oxford Rochester - Sherbourn — Silverstone Westminster Winchester Windsor Woodstock.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES OF FOREIGN EXAMPLES. General Remarks - Treves - Laon - Ratisbon-GondorfMetz Toulouse-Laon - Brée Coucy Carden ToursAngers-Fontevrault, (Kitchen) - Perigueux-St. Emilion Mont St. Michel-Beauvais.

APPENDIX OF DOCUMENTS.