tain lake in the west of Ireland in company with those of a turkey. (See Zoologist, ub. sup.) Lincoln's Inn, Dec. 21. 1850. 66 may have been in a tract De Minutione Sanguinis sive de Phlebotomia; (which occurs in the folio W. R. F. editions, Basle, vol. i. p. 472.; Colon., vol. i. p. 898.). In the enumeration of the veins from which blood may be taken, he says, Away, let nought to Love displeasing" (Vol. ii., p. 519.). This song, usually entitled "Winifreda," has been attributed to Sir John Suckling, but with what justice I am unable to say. It has also acquired additional interest from having been set to music by the first Earl of Mornington, the father of the Duke of Welling Coleridge and the Penny Post (Vol. iii., p. 6.).— Mr. Venables asks a question in a way that may lead the reader to infer an answer, and an ungenerous answer; and he calls on Mr. Hill to give him satisfaction, as if Mr. Hill had nothing better to do than to inform Mr. Venables, and correct Miss Martineau's blunders. If Mr. Venables had taken an active part in bringing about the greatest moral movement of our age, he would have known that, amongst the hundred other illustrations adduced by Mr. Hill, was the very anecdote to which he refers; and that Mr. Hill quoted it, not once or twice, but dozens of times, and circulated it, with Coleridge's name, over the whole length and breadth of the three kingdoms, by tens of thousands of printed papers. Mr. Hill has not had a tithe of the honour he deserves—and never will have and I cannot remain silent, and see his character questioned, though in matters too trifling, I think, even to have occupied a corner in "NOTES AND QUERIES." C. W. D. "De brachio tres, qui per totum corpus reddunt sanguinem, capitanea linea, matricia, capsale." The subject of bleeding is again referred to in Eccl. Hist., vol. iii., but not to the purpose. J. EASTWOOD. Ecclesfield. True Blue (Vol. ii., p. 494.).-From documents relative to the wars of the Scottish Covenanters, in the seventeenth century, it appears that they assumed blue ribbons as their colours, and wore them as scarfs, or in bunches fastened to their blue bonnets; and that the border English nicknamed them "blue caps" and "jockies." Hence the phrase, “True blue Presbyterian." G. F. G. Cherubim and Seraphim.-Why are the cherubim represented as a human head, with the wings of a bird? And why have the seraphim no bodily representation? What, in fact, is the supposed OMEGA. distinction between them? [Our correspondent will find much curious information on this subject, accompanied by some exquisite woodcuts, in Mrs. Jameson's Poetry of Sacred and Legendary Art.] Darcy Lever Church (Vol. ii., p. 494.), which is referred to by your correspondent, is the first instance, I believe, of the application of a new mate rial to the construction of an ecclesiastical edifice. It is built throughout, walls, tower, and spire, benches and fittings, of terra cotta from the Ladyshore works. The architect is that accomplished antiquary, Mr. Sharpe of Lancaster, who furnished the designs of every part, from which moulds were made, and in these the composition forming the terra cotta was prepared, and har dened by the application of fire. The style is the purest and richest Second Pointed, and the effect of the pierced work of the spire is, as your correspondent observes, very fine when seen from a distance. There is a rich colour, too, in the material, which has a remarkably pleasing result upon the eye. But a nearer approach destroys the charm. It is found to be a "sham." The lines of the mouldings, mullions, &c., are warped by the heat attendant upon the process of the manufacture. The exquisite sharpness of outline produced by the chisel is wanting, and there is (in consequence of the impossibility of undercutting) an absence of that effect of light and shade which is the characteristic of the medieval carvings. The greatest shock is, however, experienced on an examination of the interior. What at first sight appear to be highly elaborated oaken bench-ends and seats are only painted earthenware. In point of fact, it is a POT CHURCH. A similar and larger structure by the same architect, and in the same material, has been erected near Platt Hall, in the parish of Manchester. J. H. P. LERESCHE. The church at Lever Bridge, near Darcy Lever Hall, on the line of railway between Normanton and Bolton, was built about seven years since. The architect is Edward Sharpe, Esq., of Lan. caster. The material of the entire structure, including the internal fittings, is terra cotta, from the Ladyshore works in the neighbourhood, where a model of the church, in the same material, is in preparation for the Exhibition of 1851. G. I. F. 'Stranger! whoe'er thou art that view'st this tomb,' &c. which Porson translated into Greek Iambics, beginning with Ὦ ξεῖνε, τοῦτον ὅστις εἴσορας τάφον, &c.” A friend, who was senior medallist in his time at Cambridge, tells me that tradition said that the lines were set by the Rev. R. Collier, Hebrew Professor and Examiner at Trinity College; and that it is supposed that Collier found them in some magazine of the day. With reference to the imposition supposed to be set Porson (Vol. ii., p. 71.), and shown by C. at p. 106. to be by Joshua Barnes, I question whether any imposition were ever set him: for I have heard Mr. Summers (Porson's first instructor) observe, that he was a well-conducted man during the whole of his undergraduateship; others have reported the same of him. A. B. Defender of the Faith (Vol. ii., pp. 442. 481.). In Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, vol. vi. p. 321., is an indenture of lease maide the xxijth daye of Januarye, in the second yeare of the reague of King Henry the seaventhe, by the graice of God Kinge of England, defendoure of the faithe," &c. The lessor, Christopher Ratlife, of Hewick, died before 10 Henry VII., and the editor of the above work says, "It is impossible to account for the peculiarity in the date of this deed." Bishop Burnet cites Spelman as asserting that several of the kings of England before Henry VIII. had borne the title of "Defender of the Faith." A correspondent of the Gentleman's Magazine (N. S. xvi. 357.) conjectures that the name of Spelman had been inadvertently substituted for the name of Selden; though he justly remarks, that Selden by no means countenances the assertion of the bishop. C. H. COOPER. Cambridge, Farquharson on Aurora (Vol. ii., p. 441.). — Your corr spondent L. inquires about Mr. Farquharson, shepherd or minister of Alford. Whether the word translated shepherd be pasteur or not, I cannot say, as I have not either of the works he alludes to; but certain it is that the Rev. Mr. Farquharson, minister of Alford, only recently deceased, was well known as a meteorological observer; and it is to him, doubtless, that Professor Konitz refers. Paull, at Tullynessle," now Dr. Paull, is still in The "other Protestant minister, Mr. James life. S. P. Tale of a Tub (Vol. i., p. 326). Your correspondent J. O. W. H. may find some curious remarks on this subject in Sir James Mackintosh's Life of Sir Thomas More. I cannot give a precise reference; but as the book is small, the pas H. G. T. sages may be easily found. Painting by C. Bega (Vol. ii., p. 494.). — The translation of the lines is, I believe, "We sing certainly what is new, and have still a prize." "A Cracknel is our gain, but the ditty must first (come) out.' I should think there is a lake somewhere in the picture, and the lines are probably part of an old Dutch song. As to the painter C. Bega, I have at hand a Catalogue of the Munich Gallery, and find there "Cornelius Bega, geb. 1620, gest. 1664." His picture is described as "Eine Rauch-und Trinkgesellschaft belustiget sich mit Tanz in einer Schenke." In a Catalogue of the Louvre, I have the following description: "Bega, Corneille ou Cornille, né à Harlem en 1620, mort de la peste dans la même ville en 1664; élève d'Adrien Van Ostade." Question 5. In the Battle of Agincourt, by Sir H. Nicolas, Sir Roger Fyene's name is given amongst the retinue of Henry V. He was accompanied by eight men-at-arms and twenty-four archers. Sir Roger "Ffynys," accompanied by ten of his men-at-arms and forty archers, also followed Henry (in the suite of Lord Willoughby d'Eresby) in his second continental expedition. (Gesta Henrici Quinti.) B. W. Leicester's Commonwealth (Vol. ii., p. 92). – See Gentleman's Magazine, December, 1845, for many remarks upon this work. J. R. Midwives Licensed (Vol. ii., p. 408.).—I find the following question among the articles of inquiry issued by Fleetwood, Bp. of St. Asaph, in the year 1710. “Do any in your parish practise physic or chyrurgery, or undertake the office of a midwife without license?" E. H. A. Volusenus (Vol ii, p. 311.).— Boswell, writing to Johnson from Edinburgh, Jan. 8. 1778, asks: Did you ever look at a book written by Wilson, a Scotchman, under the Latin name of Volusenus, according to the custom of literary men at a certain period? It is entitled De Animi Tranquillitate." E. H. A. [Mr. Croker, in a note on this passage, tells us that the author, Florence Wilson, born at Elgin, died near Lyons, in 1547, and wrote two or three other works of no note.- ED.] Martin Family (Vol. ii., p. 392.). - CLERICUS asks for information touching the family of Martin, "in or near Wivenhoe, Essex." There is a large house in the village, said to have been the seat of Matthew Martin, Esq., member for Colchester in the second parliaments of George I. and II. He died in 1749. He had been a commander in the service of the East India Company. Only one party of the name now lives in the neighbourhood, but whether he is of the family or not I cannot say. He is described as "Edward Martin, Master, Royal Navy." A. A. Swords used in Dress (Vol. i. 415.; vol. ii. 110.213. 388.). Might it not have happened that swords went out of fashion after the middle of the last century, and were revived towards its close? In old prints from 1700 to 1720, they appear to have been universally worn; later they are not so general. In 1776-90, they appear again. My grandmother (born in 1760) well remembers her brother, of nearly her own age, wearing a sword, say about 1780. Some of Fielding's heroes wore "hangers." A. A. Clerical Costume (Vol. ii., pp. 22. 189.).— The use of scarlet cloth is popularly recommended in Berks and in Devon as a cure for the rheumatism. It should be wrapped round the “ailing" limb. H. G. T. Tristan d'Acunha (Vol. ii., p. 358.).-The latest and best description of this isle is to be found in A Narrative of a Nine Months' Residence in New Zealand, together with a Journal of a Residence in Tristan d'Acunha. By A. Earle. Longmans, 1832. GOMER. Swearing by Swans (Vol. ii., pp. 392. 451.).Though I can give no reason why the birds of Juno should have been invoked as witnesses to an oath, the Query about them has suggested to me what may perhaps appear rather an irrelevant little note. Cooper, in his Raven's Nest, makes Mr. Aristobulus Brag use the provincialism "I swanny;" "by which," observes the author, “I suppose he meant -I swear!" Of course, this has nothing to do with swearing by swans, more than sounding like it; argument of sound being very different from sound argument. Mr. Cooper does not seem to have given a thought to the analysis of the phrase, which is no oath, merely an innocent asseveration. I's-a-warrant-ye" (perhaps when resolved to its ungrammatical elements, "I is a warranty to ye") proceeds through "I's-a-warnd-ye," "I's-warnye" (all English provincialisms,) to its remote transatlantic ultimatum of debasement in I swanny." G. J. CAYLEY. 66 In reply Mildew in Books (Vol. ii., p. 103.). to B., who inquires for a prevention for mildew in books, I send the following receipt, which I have copied from a book containing many others: "Take a feather dipt in spirits of wine, and lightly wash over the backs and covers. To prevent mould, put a little into writing ink." Another to take mildew out of linen. -" Mix powdered starch and soft soap with half the quantity of bay salt; mix it with vinegar, and lay it on both sides with a painter's brush. Then let it lie in the open air till the spots are out." J. R. "Swinging Tureen" (Vol. i., pp. 246.307.406.). "Next crowne the bowle full And thus must ye doe To make the wassaile a swinger." Herrick, cited in Ellis' Brand, ed. 1849, vol. i. p. 26. By the way, is not the "lanycoll" (so called, I presume, from the froth like wool (lana) at the neck (collum) of the vessel), mentioned in the old ballad of "King Edward and the Shepherd (Hartshorne's Met. Tales, p. 54.), the same bever age as "lamb's-wool? H. G. T. certainly appears to be the "iter processionale Lights on the Altar (Vol. ii., p. 495.). In the 42nd canon of those enacted under King Edgar (Thorpe's Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, vol. ii. pp. 252-3.) we find : Land Holland (Vol. ii., p. 267. 345.). — J. B. C. does not say in what part of England he finds this term used. Holland, in Lincolnshire, is by Ingulph called Hoiland, a name which has been thought to mean hedgeland, in allusion to the sea-walls or hedges by which it was preserved from inundation. Other etymologies have also been proposed. (See Gough's Camden, "Lincolnshire.") In Norfolk, And in the 14th of the canons of Elfric for "arable land which has been laid down in however, the term olland is used, Forby tells us, (pp. 348-9. of the same volume): — "Let there be always burning lights in the church when mass is singing." "Acoluthus he is called, who bears the candle or taper in God's ministries when the Gospel is read, or when the housel is hallowed at the altar; not to dispel, as it were, the dim darkness, but, with that light, to announce bliss, in honour of Christ who is our light." C. W. G. Time when Herodotus wrote (Vol. ii., p. 405.).— The passage quoted by your correspondent A. W. II. affords, I think, a reasonable argument to prove that Herodotus did not commence his work until an advanced age; most probably between the ages of seventy and seventy-seven years. Moreover, there are various other reasons to jus tify the same conclusion; all which A. W. H. will find stated in Dr. Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. ii. I believe A. W. H. is correct in his supposition that the passage has not been noticed before. T. H. KERSLEY, A.B. grass more than two years, q. d. old-land." In a Norfolk paper of a few months since, in an advertisement of a ploughing match, I observe a prize is offered "To the ploughman, with good character, who shall plough a certain quantity of olland within the least time, in the best manner." C.W.G. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUes, etc. The Camden Society have just issued to the members a highly important volume, Walter Mapes De Nugis Curialium. The best idea of the interesting character of this work may be formed from the manner in which it is described by its editor, Mr. Thomas Wright, who speaks of it as "the book in which this remarkable man seems to have amused himself with putting down his own sentiments on the passing events of the day, along with the popular gossip of the courtiers with whom he mixed; " and as being "one mass of contemporary anecdote, romance, and popular legend, interesting equally by its curiosity and by its novelty." There only by the members of the Camden Society, but by all students of our early history and all lovers of our Folk Lore. can be little doubt that the work will be welcomed, not King William's College. Adur (Vol. ii., p. 108.).—The connexion of the Welsh ydwr with the Greek cop is remarkable. Can any of your readers tell me whether there be not an older Welsh word for water? There are, I know, two sets of Welsh numerals, of which the later contains many Greek words, but the older Though we do not generally notice the publication are entirely different. Is not cader akin to kabédpa, of works of fiction, the handsome manner in which, in and glas to γλαυκός ? J. W. H. the third volume of his Bertha, a Romance of the Dark The Word "Alarm" (Vol. ii., pp. 151. 183.).—ges, Mr. MacCabe has thought right to speak of the information which he obtained, during the progress of I send you an instance of the accurate use of the his work, through the medium of NOTES AND QUERIES, word "alarm" which may be interesting. In an induces us to make an exception in favour of his account of the attempt made on the 29th of Oct. highly interesting story. At the same time, that very 1795, to assassinate Geo. III., the Earl of Onslow acknowledgment almost forbids our speaking in such (as cited in Maunder's Universal Biog. p. 321.) high terms as we otherwise should of the power with uses the following expression: which Mr. MacCabe has worked up this striking narrative, which takes its name from Bertha, the wife of the profligate Henry IV. of Germany; and of which the main incidents turn on Henry's deposition of the Pope, and his consequent excommunication by the inflexible Gregory the Seventh. But we the less regret this necessity of speaking thus moderately, since it must be obvious that when an accomplished scholar like the “His Majesty showed, and, I am persuaded, felt, on alarm; much less did he fear." Is not this a good instance of the true difference of meaning in these two words, which are now loosely used as if strictly synonymous? H. G. T. The Conquest (Vol. ii., p. 440.). — W. L. is in author of the Catholic History of England, to whom old chronicles are as household words, chooses to weave their most striking passages into a romance, his work will be of a very different stamp from that of the ordinary novelist, who has hunted over the same chronicles for the mere purpose of finding startling incidents. The one will present his readers, as Mr. MacCabe has done, with a picture uniform in style and consistent in colouring, while the other will at best only exhibit a few brilliant scenes, which, like the views in a magic lanthorn, will owe as much of their brilliancy to the darkness with which they are contrasted as to the skill of the artist. Messrs. Sotheby and Co. will sell, on Wednesday next and three following days, the valuable Collection of Coins and Medals of the Rev. Dr. Neligan, of Cork; and on the following Monday that gentleman's highly interesting Antiquities, Illuminated MSS., Ancient Glass, Bronzes, Etruscan and Roman Pottery, Silver Ring Money, &c. To those who have never studied what Voltaire maliciously designated "the science of fools with long memories," but yet occasionally wish to know the families which have borne certain mottoes, the new edition of The Book of Mottoes will be a very acceptable source of information. BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. ANDRAN'S PROPORTIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY. Folio. 1683. SHAKSPEARE. 10 Vols. By JOHNSON. 1768, Vol. VII. FOXES AND FIREBRANDS. 12mo. Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. Notices to Correspondents. 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