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2. Plutarchi libellus de Superstitione, et Demosthenis Oratio funebris, Gr. Lat. cum notis integris Reiskii et alior.—suas adjecit Christ. Frider. Matthæi. Typis Cæsarea Mosquensis Universitatis, an. 1778. 8vo.

3. Lectiones Mosquenses, in two volumes, 8vo. bound together, and printed at Leipsic, an. 1779: they contain various readings in different authors, and some entire pieces, all in Greek, collected from the libraries of Moscow, and published by the same learned editor.

4. Isocratis, Demetrii Cyd. et Michael Glycæ aliquot Epistolæ, nec non Dion. Chrysostomi Oratio-Græc. Typis Universitatis Cæsareæ Mosquensis. 8vo. By the same learned editor.

5. Glossaria Græca minora, et alia Anecdota Græca: a work consisting of two parts, contained under one volume, in a thin quarto, by the same able professor, printed at Moscow by the university types, in the years 1774, 1775. A catalogue of the several pieces in both parts is subjoined to the end of the second part. Among the pieces in the first part are, Excerpta ex Grammaticâ Niceph. Gregora; ex Glossario Cyrilli Alexandrini; Glossarium in Epistolas Pauli; Nomina Mensium: those of the second part are chiefly theological.

6. Notitia Codicum Manuscriptorum Græcorum Bibliothecarum Mosquensium, cum variis Anecdotis, Tabulis Æneis, Indicibus locupletissimis: edidit Christ. Fridericus Matthæi. Mosquæ, Typis Universitatis, an. 1776.

This publication, on a large folio paper, is as yet incomplete, only sixty pages being printed off. It ends, Partis primæ Sectionis primæ Finis.

7. An Ode to the present empress, Catharine, in ancient Greek and Russian.

8. An Ode on the birth-day of Constantine, second son to the grand duke, in ancient Greek and Russian: printed at Petersburgh; and, as we learn from the title, ἐν τῇ Αὐτοκρατορικῇ ̓Ακαδημίᾳ τῶν Ἐπιστημῶν, “in the Imperial Academy of Sciences."

9. An Ode to prince Potemkin, ancient Greek and Russian, and printed (as before) an. 1780.

10. An Ode, consisting of Strophe, Antistrophe, and Epode, ancient Greek and Russian, made in 1779, in honour of the empress, the great duke and duchess, and Alexander and Constantine, their two sons, grandsons to the empress.

This Ode was sung in the original Greek by a large number of voices, before a numerous and splendid court in one of the imperial palaces.

As I have a copy of this music, I cannot omit observing, that it is a genuine exemplar of the ancient Antiphona, so well known to the church in very remote ages. On this plan, two complete choirs (each consisting of trebles, counters, tenors, and bases)

sing against each other, and reciprocally answer; then unite all of them; then separate again, returning to the alternate response, till the whole at length concludes in one general chorus. The music of this ode may be called purely vocal, having no other accompaniment but that of an organ.

The composer was no less a man than the celebrated Paesiello, so well known at present, and so much admired, both in Italy and elsewhere, for music of a very different character, I mean his truly natural and pleasing burlettas.

Those who are curious to know more of this species of music, may consult the valuable Glossary of Spelman, under the word Antiphona, and the ingenious Musical Dictionary of Rousseau, under the word Antienne.

11. A short copy of Greek elegiac verses, printed at Petersburg, in the year 1780, and addressed to prince Potemkin, with this singular title, Επίγραμμα ἐπὶ τῆς παμφαοῦς καὶ χαρμοσύνου γοργειοφορίας, τῆς κοινοτέρως μασκάραδος καλουμévns, îV, K. T. X. Thus Englished: "A poem on the splendid and delightful festivity, where they wear Gorgonian visors; more commonly called a masquerade; which prince Potemkin celebrated," &c.

A better word to denote a masquerade could hardly have been invented than the word here employed, yoрyelopópia. In attempting to translate it, that I might express one word, I have been compelled to use many.

12. A translation of Virgil's Georgics from the Latin Hexameters into Greek Hexameters, by the celebrated Eugenius, famous for his treatise of Logic, published a few years since in ancient Greek at Leipsic. He was made an archbishop, but chose to resign his dignity. He is now carrying on this translation under the protection of prince Potemkin, but has as yet gone no further than to the end of the first Georgic.

The work is printed on a large folio paper, having the original on one side, and the translation on the other. Copious notes in Greek are at the bottom of the several pages.

Take a short specimen of the performance.

Continuo, ventis surgentibus, aut freta ponti
Incipiunt agitata tumescere, et aridus altis
Montibus audiri fragor; aut resonantia longe
Littora misceri, et nemorum increbrescere murmur.

Geor. i. 356.

Αὐτίκα, ἐγρομένων ἀνέμων, πορθμοῖς ἐπὶ πόντου
Αλς τε σαλευομένη οἰδαίνει, καὶ κορυφαὶ δὲ
Ούρεος ἄκραι τραχὺ βοᾶσιν ἀτὰρ μακρόθεν γε
̓Ακταὶ τ ̓ εἰνάλιοι ῥὰ βρέμονται, κ' αἰγιαλοί τε
Σμερδαλέον πνοιῆσι δὲ μυκάετ' αἷα καὶ ὥλη.

Of these various printed works, the first six were sent me by the learned scholar above mentioned, Christianus Fridericus

Matthæi, from Moscow; the last six I had the honour to receive from prince Potemkin at Petersburgh.

Besides the printed books, the learned professor at Moscow sent me a curious Latin narrative in manuscript.

In it he gives an account of a fine manuscript of Strabo, belonging to the Ecclesiastical library at Moscow. He informs me, this MS. is in folio; contains four hundred and twentyseven leaves; is beautifully written by one, whom he calls a learned and diligent scribe, at the end of the fifteenth or beginning of the sixteenth century; and came, as appears by a memorandum in the manuscript, from the celebrated Greek monastery at Mount Athos.

He adds, (which is worth attention,) that almost all the Greek manuscripts which are now preserved at Moscow were originally brought thither from this monastery; and that, in the last century, by order of the emperor Alexius Michaelowitz and the patriarch Nico, by means of the monk Arsenius. So early in this country did a gleam of literature shew itself.

He strongly denies the fact, that there is any other MS. of Strabo besides this, either at Moscow or at Petersburgh.

Of the present MS. he has been so kind as to send me collations, taken from the first and second book.

After this he mentions the unpublished hymn of Homer upon Ceres, and the fragment of another by the same poet upon Bacchus; both of which, since I heard from him, have been published by Ruhnkenius at Leyden, to whom my correspondent had sent them from the Moscowan library.

He has been generous enough to send me copies of all the books he has published, for which valuable donation I take this public opportunity of making my grateful acknowledgments.

With regard to all the publications here mentioned, it is to be observed, that those from Petersburgh are said to be printed in the imperial academy of sciences; those from Moscow, by the types of the imperial university; each place by its style indicating its establishment.

In justice to my son, his majesty's minister to the court of Russia, it is incumbent upon me to say, that all this information, and all these literary treasures, have been procured for me by his help, and through his interest.

I must not conclude without observing, (though perhaps it may be a repetition,) that the efforts to civilize this country did not begin from Peter the Great, but were much older. A small glimmering, like the first day-break, was seen under czar Ivan, in the middle of the sixteenth century.

This dawn of civilizing became more conspicuous a century afterwards, under czar Alexius Michaelowitz; of whom, as well as of his son Theodore, or Fædor, we have spoken already.

But under the Great Peter it burst forth, with all the

splendour of a rising sun, and (if I may be permitted to continue my metaphor) has continued ever since to ascend towards its meridian.

More than fifty years have passed since the death of Peter; during which period, with very little exception, this vast empire has been governed by female sovereigns only. All of them have pursued more or less the plan of their great predecessor, and none of them more than the illustrious princess who now reigns. And so much for literature in Russia, and for its progress towards being civilized,

ADVERTISEMENT.

It was proposed, as mentioned in p. 399 of this work, to have joined a few notes to the pieces contained in the preceding Appendix; but the work growing larger than was expected, the notes, as not being essentially parts of it, have been omitted.

One omission however we beg to supply, because it has happened through inadvertence. Besides the Arabic translations from the Greek, mentioned in the Appendix, part the first, there are also translations of Hippocrates, Galen, and the old Greek physicians, whom the Arabians, as they translated, illustrated with comments, and upon whose doctrines they formed many compositions of their own, having been remarkably famous for their study and knowledge of medicine,

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ACQUIESCENCE and gratitude, their force,
100 and n.
Affections, reciprocate with our ideas, 40.
their force, when raised by music, ibid.
Agatho, 13, n.

Alexander Aphrodisiensis, his account of
active efficient causes, 2, n. of speech,
61, n. of the Stoic estimate of externals,
89, n. of the necessity of justice to the
worst societies, 106, n.

Ammonius, 6, n. 11, n. 12 n. 13, n. 14, n.

18, n. 61, n. 95, n. 97, n.
Andronicus Rhodius, 2, n. 87, n. 88, n.
Antipater, his notion of the end of man,
83, n.

Antoninus, unites social and rational, 66, n.
describes law universal, 73, n. his notion
of Kaтóρowσis, or rectitude of conduct,
ibid. quoted, 76, n. 77, n. 90, n. 105, n.
his notion of daíuwv, or genius, 91, n. of
the universe, 96, n. of reason or intellect,
98, n. 99, n. of God, the animating
Wisdom, 101, n. of evil, ibid. n. of
tinging our minds, 102, n. of philo-
sophical exception, or reserve, ibid. n.
joins justice and piety, 107, n.
Archidemus, his notion of happiness, 84, n.
Arcidamas, noble sentiment of, 26, n.
Archytas, 84, n.

Aristocles, 26. n.

Aristotle, his notion of art, 2, n. 5, n. 6, n.
of active efficient causes, ibid. of the
various modes of human action, 4, n.
of compulsion, 5, n. of man's natural,
power, ibid. of his acquired power, or
habits, ibid. of operations, purely natural,
ibid. of nature, 6, n. of a contingent,
11, n. of the subjects of philosophy,
12, n. of chance and fortune, 13, n.
proves from their existence that of mind
and nature, ibid. quoted, 14, n. 30, n.
95, n. his notion of human choice, or
determination, 15. n. of final causes,
16, n. 19, n. of energies, 18, n. makes
life itself an energy, ibid. final causes
twofold, 20, n. his division of arts,
21, n. enumeration of causes, 23, n.
quoted, 46, n. his idea of good, 49, n.
proves man social from speech, 61, n.
quoted, 5, n. 36, n. 66, n. holds the
same science of contraries, 69, n. his

account of happiness, 69, n. 85, n. gives
that of Xenocrates, 85, n. accounts for
the pleasure arising from imitations,
35, n. his account of sentiments, 36, n.
of the end of tragedy, 37, n. of characters
or manners, 38, n. etymologizes the word
ethics, 103, n. makes self and social
one, 106, n. makes happiness the univer-
sal object, 108, n. his treatise concerning
philosophy, quoted from a manuscript,
25, n.

Arrian. See Epictetus.

Art, considered as an efficient cause, 2-9.
its material cause, 10, 11. its final,
14-16. its formal, 17-20. loves for-
tune, why, 13, n. what, 2 and n. 4, 8.
how distinguished from chance, 2 and n.
4, 5 and n. 12. how from compulsion,
2 and n. 5. how from volition, 3 and
5 n. how from natural power and
instinct, ibid. how from power divine,
4, and 6 n. its influence on the ele-
ments, 21. on animals irrational, 22.
on man, ibid. the same as mind, ibid.
inane and false art, 8, n. Peripatetic
description of art, 9, n. Stoic, ibid.
that of Quintilian, ibid. of Cicero,
ibid. of Cleanthes, ibid. of Nicephorus
Blemmides, ibid. art considered in four
views, 23. arts, their comparative pri-
ority, 25, n. either necessary or elegant,
25 and n. the pretensions of each, 27.
imitative arts imitate through sensible
media, 28. what numbers wanted to
establish human society, 59.

Artists, moral and inferior, how they differ,
75, 76 and n.

Beauty, its effect, 90.

Being, every species of, conciliated to itself,
57 and n.

Being and well being, 27.
Blemmides, 9, n.

Bossu, 30, n. 36, n. 38, n.
Brutal, degradation of rational into it, how,
99, n.

Cæsura in verse, 39, n.
Capacity, 7.

Cause, 3. efficient, 2-8. material, 10-12.
final, 13-16, 19, n. formal, 17-20.

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