pronounced but at mediocrity at Paris, and with us proves an indifferent fruit. And many of the fruits, the natives of England, and of other northern countries, and of high reputation there, have proved but ordinary when brought down to our own latitudes, and compared with our own fruits, and those of climates equally favored with us.

The Cherry tree, the Pear, the Apple, and many other kinds, when carried within the tropics, become unproductive or barren, or the fruit worthless.

The olive and the vine may indeed grow within the tropics; but we are assured they produce little or no fruit, except in the mountainous elevations.

The cereal varieties of grain, the annual plants and productions, those most necessary to the subsistence of man, have by him been acclimated from the borders in the tropics, to very high northern latitudes.

Man himself has become habituated to all climates. The horse, the most noble of animals, and the ox, the most useful, seem, under the guardianship of man, in some measure, alike constituted. The horse and his rider traverse the earth, from the burning deserts of Sahara, to the frozen regions of Siberia, and the boundaries of the Arctic circle.

SECTION II.-OF MODERN OR LANDSCAPE GARDENS.

In northern latitudes, the location of a garden should be if practicable, on the south side of a hill. Or it may be screened on the cold quarters, either by hills, or by dense and deep borders of evergreen and other forest trees, intermixed with fruit trees and shrubs of ornament. An undulating surface is by all means to be preferred, and water should not be wanting.

The art of Modern Gardening, is to form a landscape the most beautiful. Nature having drawn the outline, art must accomplish the rest. Art itself being subservient, or so far concealed, as that all may appear the work of nature alone. Walls and boundary fences should be demolished, or as far as possible concealed. The ha-ha is a concealed wall, constructed in the bottom of a dry ditch, and rising no higher than the surface of the earth. Straight lines and right lined walks are to be avoided; and in their stead devious lines only are adopted ;- the serpentine, or the gently waving lines, which bring continual and agreeable

change. Striking and agreeable objects in the landscape, whether near or more remote, should be brought frequently, and sometimes suddenly into open view; while unpleasant objects, should from all conspicuous points, be masked from the sight, by shrubbery or by trees. To the hills an artificial elevation may be given by planting their summits with the stateliest trees. And depth is preserved to the valleys, by converting them to lawns. Views of water, it must not be forgotton, are essential to the perfect landscape.

The first garden, of which we have any account on record, was planted by the Almighty, "Eastward in Eden," and in it, every tree that was pleasant to the eye, or useful for food. Out of Eden went a river, which watered the garden; and from thence it was parted into four heads. 1st. Pison, on the side of Havillah. 2d. Gihon, on the side of Ethiopia. 3d. Hiddekel, towards Assyria. 4th. The Euphrates.

The modern style of gardening, in the place of the regular geometric forms, and the right angles, and right lines has substituted all that is more consistent with nature, and with beauty. Celebrated English writers have ascribed this important change in the style of gardening in England, to the ideas of Lord Bacon, as original: but especially to those ideas which have been more latterly promulgated by Milton. I finish therefore by selecting the following perfect description of a garden from him.

"Now nearer, crowns with her enclosure green,
As with a rural mound, the champain head
Of a steep wilderness, whose hairy sides
With thicket overgrown, grotesque and wild,
Access denied; and over head up grew
Insuperable height of loftiest shade,
Cedar, and pine, and fir, and branching palm,
A sylvan scene, and as the ranks ascend
Shade above shade, a woody theatre
Of stateliest view. Yet higher than their tops
The verd'rous wall of Paradise upsprung:
Which to our general sire gave prospect large
Into his nether empire neighboring round.
And higher than that wall a circling row
Of goodliest trees loaden with fairest fruit,
Blossoms and fruits at once of golden hue,
Appeared, with gay enamelled colors mixed:
On which the sun more glad impressed his beams

Than in fair evening cloud, or humid bow,

When God hath showered the earth; so lovely seemed
That landscape:"

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"Southward through Eden went a river large,
Nor chang'd his course, but through the shaggy hill
Pass'd underneath ingulf'd; for God had thrown
That mountain as his garden mould high raised
Upon the rapid current, which through veins
Of porous earth with kindly thirst updrawn,
Rose a fresh fountain, and with many a rill
Watered the garden: thence united fell
Down the steep glade, and met the nether flood,
Which from his darksome passage now appears,
And now divided into four main streams,
Runs diverse, wand'ring many a famous realm
And country,"

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"Thus was this place

A happy rural seat of various view;

Groves whose rich trees wept odorous gums and balm,
Others whose fruit burnish'd with golden rind

Hung amiable, Hesperian fables true,

If true, here only, and of delicious taste:
Betwixt them lawns, or level downs, and flocks
Grazing the tender herb, were interposed,
Or palmy hillock; or the flow'ry lap

Of some irriguous valley spread her store,
Flowers of all hue, and without thorn the rose :
Another side, umbrageous grots and caves
Of cool recess, o'er which the mantling vine
Lays forth her purple grape, and gently creeps
Luxuriant; meanwhile murmuring waters fall
Down the slope hills, dispersed or in a lake.
That to the fringed bank with myrtle crown'd
Her crystal mirror holds, unite their streams."

SECTION III.

UTILITY OF FRUITS FOR FOOD AND THE
PRESERVATION OF HEALTH.

The fruits of various countries and climes, should be regarded, as one of the most valuable gifts, which divine providence has bestowed upon man. And the cultivation of those of superior kind, should on all accounts be promoted, -not merely as the source of luxury, nor yet alone as a delicious, healthy, and most nutricious article of food; but as connected in other respects, with all that eminently concerns the family of man. "The palate," says the celebrated Mr Knight," which relishes fruit, is seldom pleased with strong fermented liquors; and as feeble causes continually acting, ultimately produce extensive effects, the supplying. the public with fruit at a cheap rate, would have a tendency

to operate favorably, both on the physical and moral health of the people."

The belief is but too prevalent, that fruits produce diseases during the months of summer and autumn, and especially the dysentery. The belief is untrue -and the very reverse is certainly true; fruits being the true preventives of disease. I might amplify on this subject, but must be brief, and will only add as proofs, and from celebrated physicians, the following from the "Annales d'Horticulture,' ," due to the researches of Gen. Dearborn and the New England Farmer, where I have found them inserted. It is from the writer of another country-a country celebrated for the cultivation of good fruit, and alike celebrated for the remarkably temperate habits of its people. "One of the best aliments, and the best appropriated to the different ages of life, is that which fruits afford. They present to man a light nourishment, of easy digestion, and produce a chyle, admirably adapted to the functions of the human body. *

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"There are fruits, which, when perfectly ripe, can be eaten even to excess without inconvenience.

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Such as grapes, cherries, and currants; the other kinds never occasion ill consequences, if they are eaten only to satisfy the demands of nature. * "Thoroughly ripe fruit, eaten with bread is the most innocent of aliments, and will even insure health and strength. "In traversing the territories of Germany, there is to be seen near each habitation, a vineyard or a garden of fruit trees. The villages are surrounded with them, and there are but few families who do not make use of fruits during the summer, and preserve a certain quantity for winter. The surplus is sold in the cities. There are to be seen upon the Rhine, and other rivers of Germany, boats laden with dried apples, pears, and plums."

The following from the same writer is from a passage to be found in "Advice to people upon their health, by Tissot." "There is a pernicious prejudice, with which all are too generally imbued :—it is that fruits are injurious in the dysentery, and that they produce and increase it. There is not perhaps a more false prejudice.

"Bad fruits, and those which have been imperfectly ripened, in unfavorable seasons, may occasion colics, and sometimes diarrhoea, — but never epidemic dysentery.

Ripe fruits of all kinds, especially in the summer, are the true preservatives against this malady. The greatest injury they can do, is in dissolving the humors, and particularly the bile, of which they are the true solvents, and occasion a diarrhoea. But even this diarrhoea is a protection against the dysentery.

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"Whenever the dysentery has prevailed, I have eaten less animal food, and more fruit, and have never had the slighest attack. Several physicians have adopted the same regimen.

"I have seen eleven patients in the same house; nine were obedient to the directions given, and ate fruit; they recovered. The grandmother and a child she was most partial to, died. She prescribed burnt wine, [burnt brandy or high wine?] oil, powerful aromatics, and forbade the use of fruit; it died. She followed the same course, and met the like fate.

"This disease was destroying a Swiss regiment, which was stationed in garrison, in the southern part of France. The captain purchased the grapes of several acres of vines. The sick soldiers were either carried to the vineyard, or were supplied with grapes from it, if they were too feeble to be removed. They ate nothing else; not another died, nor were any more attacked with the complaint after they commenced eating grapes.

"A minister was attacked with the dysentery, and the medicines which were administered gave no relief; he saw by accident some red currants and had a great desire to eat them; he ate three pounds between seven o'clock in the morning and nine o'clock in the evening; he was better during the day and entirely cured the next."

I might multiply the facts and evidences from different sources; and the writings of other eminent physicians; - but the above must suffice for this time and place. For other important uses I would refer to the account of each particular species, in the following pages.

In new countries, and in new settlements in places remote, in the wilderness or on the ocean, —in times of privation, and in the absence of the useful fruits, the taste and habitual use of tobacco, of alcohol, and of strong fermented liquors, has been acquired. The friends of abstinence, who would abolish the use of these, as pernicious, must encourage the cultivation of fruits, as the healthy antidote and useful substitute.