DIS-reverses the meaning of the word to which it is prefixed : as, to disagree, to dispossess. E, EX-out: as, to eject, to throw out; to exclude, to shut out. EXTRA-beyond: as, extraordinary, beyond the ordinary course. IN-before an adjective, like un, signifies privation: as, indecent, not decent; before a verb it has its simple meaning as, to infuse, to pour in; to infix, to fix in. INTER-between: as, to intervene, to come between; to interpose, to put between. INTRO―into, inwards: as, to introduce, to lead into ; to introvert, to turn inwards. OB-denotes opposition: as, to object, to oppose: to obstruct, to block up; obstacle, something standing in opposition. PER-through: as, to perambulate, to walk through; to perforate, to bore through. POST-after: as, post meridian, afternoon; Postscript, written after, that is, after the letter. FRE-before as, to pre-exist, to exist before; to prefix, to fix before. PRO-forth or forwards: as, to protend, to stretch forth; to project, to shoot forwards. PRÆTER--past or beyond: as, preterperfect, pastperfect; preternatural, beyond the course of nature. RE-again or back: as, reprint, to print again: to retrace, to trace back. RETRO-backwards: retrospective, looking backwards; retrograde, going backwards. SE-aside, apart: as, to seduce, to draw aside; to secrete, to put aside. SUB--under: as, subterranean, lying under the earth; to subscribe, to subsign, to write under. SUBTER--under: as, subterfluous, flowing under. SUPER-above, or over: as, superscribe, to write above; to supervise, to overlook. TRANS-over, beyond, from one place to another: as, to transport, to carry over; to transgress, to pass beyond; to transplant, to remove from one soil to another. The Greek prepositions and particles used in the composition of English words, are the following: a, amphi, anti, hyper, &c. A-signifies privation: as, anonymous, without name. AMPHI-both, or the two: as, amphibious, partaking of both, or of two natures. ANTI-against: as, antimonarchial, against government by a single person; antiministerial, against the ministry. HYPER-over and above: as, hypercritical, over, or too critical. HYPO-under, implying concealment or disguise: as, hypocrite, one dissembling his real character. META-denotes change or transmutation: as, to metamorphose, to change the shape. BERI- -round about: as, periphrasis, circumlocution. SYN, SYM-together: as, synod, a meeting, or coming toge ther; sympathy, fellow-feeling, feeling together. CONVERSATION XII. OF CONJUNCTIONS AND INTERJECTIONS. Futor. I will now give you the last two parts of speecli, viz. the Conjunction and Interjection. A CONJUNCTION is a part of speech chiefly used to connect sentences; so as, out of two or more sentences, to make but one. It sometimes connects only words. Conjunctions are divided into two sorts, the COPULATIVE and the DISJUNCTIVE, The conjunction copulative serves to connect, or continue a sentence, by expressing a condition, a supposition, a cause, &c.: as, "He and his sister study." "I will go, if he will permit me." "The man is happy, because he is good." "I The conjunction disjunctive serves not only to connect and continue the sentence, but also to express opposition of meaning in different degrees: as, "He or his sister studies." would go, but he will not permit me." "Though she is rich, yet she is not amiable." George. I see clearly a difference between the copulative and the disjunctive conjunction; for when I say, Peter and John study, the expression implies, that they both study. But, when I say, Peter or John studies, the expression shows, that only one studies—and therefore I use the verb studies, in the third person singular, not study, in the plural. Tutor. Very well. I will now mention the principal conjunctions, and you must make them familiar to you; but you must study the character of the two sorts of conjunctions, so that you may know to which class any one belongs, wherever you may see it. The nature and office of each part of speech must be carefully studied-not particular words; for the same word may, in different senses, be used as several parts of speech. Of this I shall, by-and-by, give you examples. The principal conjunctions are the following: The Copulative. And, if, that, then, both, since, for, be cause, therefore, wherefore, besides, further. The Disjunctive. But, or, nor, either, neither, as, tham, Fest, unless, yet, notwithstanding, though, whether, except, as well as. Caroline. The conjunctions are so different from the other parts of speech, that I think we should have known them, even if you had not written them. Tutor. I shall now say something to you about simple and compound sentences, that you may more clearly perceive the use and importance of conjunctions. A simple sentence contains only one nominative, and one verb that agrees with that nominative. There may be other words in it; indeed a simple sentence may contain several parts of speech, and be longer than many compound sentences; yet, if it contains but one nominative, and one verb, which agrees with that nominative, it is but a simple sentence. Thus, "Grass grows," is a simple sentence; and, "Excellent grass grows in great abundance, in all the northern regions of our country, particularly in the New-England States," is but a simple sentence, for it contains but one nominative, grass, and one verb, grows. A compound of any thing, you know, is made up of simples so a compound sentence is compounded of two or more simple ones, connected together by conjunctions, expressed or understood. Thus," Grass grows, and water runs," is a compound sentence. I will now give you several simple members, which you will perceive have no relation to each other, till conjunctions are used to connect them. He is older-I am. She can improve-she pleases. He has talents-opportunities to cultivate them-friends desirous -he should make a figure in life. Here you see the want of conjunctions. Fill up the blanks by the following conjunctions in their order, than, if, and, and, that, and you will better understand the importance of this part of speech. George. This illustrates the use of the conjunction very clearly. When these conjunctions can be placed between the simple members, they connect them, and make one compound sentence. Tutor. Some conjunctions can be used to connect sentences only. That is, after one complete sentence is finished, the next may be commenced with one of these conjunctions, to show that it has some connexion with the former; or to express something in addition to what has been said. The conjunctions, besides, further, again, &c. are of this sort. These are never used to join the simple members of a compound sen tence. If, than, lest, though, unless, yet, notwithstanding, because, and the compound conjunctions, so that, and as well as, are used only to connect simple members of a compound sentence. And some may be used either to connect sentences, or simple members of compound sentences: such are, and, but, for, therefore, &c. Some may be used also to connect words. These are, and, or, nor, as, &c. And when conjunctions connect nouns and pronouns, the following rule must be observed. RULE XIV. Nouns and pronouns, connected by conjunctions, must be in the same case. George. Are the words which are used as conjunctions, ever used as other parts of speech? Tutor. Yes, it frequently happens that the same word is used as two or three different parts of speech in one sentence. Thus, "He laboured for a dollar a day, for he could get no more. In this sentence, you perceive that the first for is a preposition, and governs dollar in the objective case, and that the second is a conjunction, connecting the two members of the compound sentence. For is a conjunction, whenever it has the meaning of because. So the word after may be used as a conjunction, or a preposition, or an adverb: as, "I went after him after I had seen his friend, and, not long after, I found him." But I can place the noun time after the last after, and then it will become a preposition: as, "not long after that time," &c. The word before may also be used as a preposition, or a conjunction, or an adverb. When before shows the relation between some two words, and governs an object, it is a preposition;-when it connects two members of a sentence, a conjunction; and, when it has a reference to time merely, it is an adverb. The same remark applies to since and after. H Whenever the words since, after, before, when, whilst, while, whenever, and wherever, are used to connect simple members of sentences, they may be called adverbial conjunctions; because, although they connect as conjunctions, they have a reference to time or place as adverbs. Caroline. I think we now understand the conjunction. Will you explain the interjection, which is the last of the ten parts of speech; and we shall then be able to parse sentences, containing all the parts of speech. Tutor. INTERJECTIONS are words thrown in between the parts of a sentence to express the sudden passions or emotions of the speaker. The interjections of earnestness and grief, are Oh! ah! alas! &c. There are many other interjections expressive of wonder, pity, contempt, disgust, admiration, and salutation. Sometimes a whole phrase is used as an interjection, and we call such interjectional phrases: as, out upon him!-away with him !—Alas, what wonder! &c. In parsing an interjection, you merely tell what part of speech it is. I shall now ask you some questions, and then give you a parsing lesson, containing all the parts of speech. QUESTIONS. What are conjunctions? How many kinds are there? What are the principal copulative conjunctions What conjunctions connect sentences only? What conjunctions may connect either sentences or members of sentences ? Which are they that may also connect single words? When nouns and pronouns are connected by conjunctions, what rule must be observed? *Are the words used as conjunctions, ever employed as other parts of speech? Give examples. What is a simple sentence? What is a compound sentence? What is an interjection? When is the word that a relative pronoun EXERCISES IN PARSING. The boy improves very fast, because he applies well to his |