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The passive verb, necessarily, has the same two forms of the subjunctive present and imperfect tenses, that the neufer verb BE has.

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The remaining tenses of this mood are similar to the corresponding tenses of the Indicative Mood, except will and wilt are not used in the second future.

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Be thou loved, or do thou be Be ye or you loved, or do

loved,

ye be loved.

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Now you can take the passive participles of other verbs, and conjngate them in the same manner. Take beaten, carried, seen, forgotten, and many others, and use them instead

of loved, as an exercise to make you familiar with the conjugation of a passive verb.

You will now observe, that, when an auxiliary is joined to the participle of the principal verb, the auxiliary goes through all the variations of person and number, and the participle itself continues invariably the same. When there are two or more auxiliaries joined to the participle, the first of them only is varied according to person and number. The auxiliary must admits of no variation.

The other defective verbs vary in the second person singular. In every instance, when an auxiliary verb is used, it is that only which varies to agree with its nominative; and the personal variations of any verb, except be, whether principal or auxiliary, extend only to the second and third person singular of the present tense, and to the second person singular of the imperfect tense.

EXERCISES IN PARSING.

The man beats the boy.-The boy is beaten by the man. The horses draw the coach.-The coach is drawn by the horses. The master teaches the children.-The children are taught by the master.-The carpenter built the houses.-The houses were built by the carpenter.-Commerce introduces luxury.-Luxury is introduced by commerce.-That farmer cultivates his farm well.-The farm is well cultivated.-The goods were purchased.-The house was sold.-The ship has been lost. The money will be found.-The boy will have completed his task before you see him.-The task will have been completed an hour, in ten minutes more.-The lady remains at home. The book lies on the table.-The desk stands in the corner of the room.-The coach and horses are in the stable. I am here.-Thou art there.-He is in town.-We are honest. You are proud.-They are sober.-I was sleepy. -Thou wast angry with him.-He was not eager to learn.--They were guilty. We were reasonable in our demands.Ye were found guilty.-I have been on the water frequently.I have been seen on the water frequently.-I have seen the man. I have been seen by the man.-The boy had seen it.— The boy had been seen. The letter will be here.—The letter will be brought hither.-Be honest.-Be not idle.--Be instructed. Be carried.-You like to be carried.-You may be carried-You ought to be carried. He ought to have been carried. He should have been carried, had I known his situation. The house can be enlarged.—He might be convinced.He might have been convinced.-Being ridiculed and despised,

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he still maintained his principles.-Having been ridiculed, he could not endure his chagrin. Ridiculed, despised, insulted, he became discouraged.-If I be beaten by him, he will be punished. If he has been seen, he has not been caught.-Whether he is at home or not, I have no means of knowing.-If I were beaten as badly as he, I should complain.-If he was beaten, it is not known.

CONVERSATION XIX.

OF THE AUXILIARY VERBS, AND OF THE TENSES.

Tutor. You must, by this time, have observed the great importance of auxiliary verbs in the English language; for you have seen, that without them, the verbs would be limited in their moods and tenses, to the indicative and subjunctive moods, in the present and imperfect tenses; the infinitive mood, present tense; and the imperative mood.

George. I perceive that they are of great importance in giving variety, as well as precision, to the language. For with these, we form the perfect, pluperfect, and two future tenses of the indicative and subjunctive moods; all the tenses of the potential mood; and the perfect of the infinitive.

Tutor. Some of these auxiliaries, I have already particularly noticed, viz. may, can, must, will, and shall. None of these, except will, is ever used as a principal verb, but as an auxiliary to some principal, either expressed or understood. Will is sometimes a principal verb, as I will by-and-by show you. There are four verbs which are sometimes used as auxiliaries, and sometimes as principals. These are, do, be, have,

and will.

Do is used as an auxiliary, in the imperative mood, and in the present and imperfect tenses of the indicative and subjunc

tive.

Be is used as an auxiliary, in all the moods and tenses to form the passive verbs, and neuter verbs in a passive form, by being connected with the passive participles of other verbs; and in forming active and neuter verbs, by being connected with the present participles of other verbs; and, in both instances, serves to mark the mood and the tense of the verb.

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