introduce myself, by fhaking them at you, to put you in mind of your night's entertainment and protection under my roof."-He fmiled and, faid, "Be as good as your word!" -Kingburgh kept the fhoes as long as he lived. After his death, a zealous Jacobite gentleman gave twenty guineas for them.

Old Mrs. Macdonald, after her guest had left the house, took the heets in which he had lain, folded them carefully; and charged her daughter, that they should be kept unwashed, and that, when she died, her body should be wrapped in them as a winding-fheet. Her will was religiously obferved.

Upon the road to Portree, Prince Charles changed his dress, and put on man's clothes again; a tartan fhort coat and waistcoat, with philibeg and fhort hofe, a plaid, and a wig and bonnet.

It having been concerted by young Macleod of Rafay and his brother Dr. Macleod, that the Wanderer fhould go to Rafay and conceal himfelf for fome time there, Donald Roy ftaid in Sky, to be in readiness to get intelligence, and give an alarm in cafe the troops fhould discover his retreat; and Prince Charles was then conveyed in a boat to that ifland in the night. He flept a little upon the paffage, and they landed about daybreak. There was fome difficulty in accommodating him with a lodging, as almost all the houfes in the ifland had been burnt by the foldiery. They repaired to a little hut, which fome shepherds had lately built; and having prepared it as well as they could, and made a bed of heath for the ftranger, they kindled a fire, and partook of fome provifions which had been fent with him from Kingburgh. It was obferved, that he would not tafte wheat bread, or brandy, while oat-bread and whisky lafted; " for these (faid he) are my own

country bread and drink." This was very engaging to the Highlanders.

Young Rafay being the only perfon of the company that durft appear with fafety, he went in queft of fomething fresh for them to eat; but tho' he was amidst his own cows, fheep, and goats, he could not venture to take any of them for fear of a discovery, but was obliged to supply himfelf by ftealth. He therefore catched a kid, and brought it to the hut in his plaid; and it was killed and dreffed, and furnished them a meal which they relifhed much. The dif treffed Wanderer, whose health was now a good deal impaired by hunger, fatigue, and watching, flept a long time, but feemed to be frequently disturbed. Malcolm told me he would start from broken lumbers, and fpeak to himself in different languages, French, Italian, and Englifh. I muft, however, acknowledge, that it is highly probable that my worthy friend Malcolm did not know precifely the difference between French and Italian. One of his expreffions in English was, " O God ! poor Scotland!"

While they were in the hut, McKenzie and M'Friar, the two boatmen, were placed as centinels upon different eminences; and one day an incident happened, which must not be omitted. There was a man wandering about the island, felling tobacco. Nobody knew him, and he was fufpected to be a spy, McKenzie came running to the hut, and told that this fufpected perfon was approaching. Upon which the three gentleman, young Rafay, Dr. Macleod, and Malcolm, held a council of war upon him; and were unanimoufly of opinion that he should be inftantly put to death. Prince Charles, at once affuming a grave and even fevere countenance, faid, "God for bid that we should take away a man's life, who may be innocent, while we

can

can preferve our own. The gentlemen, however, perfifted in their refolution, while he as ftrenuously continued to take the merciful fide. John McKenzie, who fat watching at the door of the hut, and overheard the debate, faid in Erfe," Well, well; he must be shot. You are the king, but we are the parliament, and will do what we choofe."-Prince Charles feeing the gentlemen fmile, afked what the man had faid; and being told it in English, he observed, that he was a clever fellow; and, notwithstanding the perilous fituation in which he was, laughed loud and heartily. Luckily the unknown perfon did not perceive that there were people in the hut, at leaft did not come to it, but walked on paft it, unknowing of his risk. It was afterwards found out that he was one of the Highland army, who was him felf in danger.

He told his conductors, he did not think it advisable to remain long in any one place; and that he expected a French fhip to come for him to Lochbroom, among the McKenzies. It then was proposed to carry him in one of Malcolm's boats to Lochbroom, though the diftance was 15 leagues coaftwife. But he thought this would be too dangerous; and defired that at any rate they might firft endeavour to obtain intelligence. Upon which young Rafay wrote to his friend Mr. McKenzie of Applecross; but received an answer, that there was no appearance of any French ship.

It was therefore refolved that they fhould return toSky; which they did, and landed in Strath, where they repofed in a cow-house belonging to Mr. Nicolson of Scorbreck. The fea was very rough, and the boat took in a good deal of water. The Wanderer afked if there was danger, as he was not used to fuch a veffel. Upon being told there was not, he fung an

Erfe fong with much vivacity. He had by this time acquired a good deal of the Erfe language.

Here he opened his mind to Malcolm; faying, "I deliver myself to you. Conduct me to the Laird of McKinnon's country."-Malcolm objected that it was very dangerous, as fo many parties of foldiers were in motion. He answered, "There is nothing now to be done without dan ger."-He then faid, that Malcolm must be the mafter, and he the fervant: fo he took the bag, in which his linen was put up, and carried it on his fhoulder; and obferving that his waistcoat, which was of fcarlet tartan, with a gold twift button, was finer than Malcolm's, which was of a plain ordinary tartan, he put on Malcolm's waiftcoat, and gave him his; remarking at the fame time, that it did not look well that the fervant fhould be better dreffed than the master.

As they proceeded through the mountains, taking many a circuit to avoid any houfes, Malcolm, to try his refolution, afked him what they fhould do, fhould they fall in with a party of foldiers? He answered, "Fight, to be fure !"-Having afked Malcolm if he fhould be known in his prefent drefs, and Malcolm having replied he would; he faid, “Then I'll blacken my face with powder."-"That, faid Malcolm, would difcover you at once.""Then, (faid he) I must be put in the greatest difhabille poffible." So he pulled off his wig, tied a handkerchief round his head, and put his night-cap over it, tore the ruffles from his thirt, took the buckles out of his fhoes, and made Malcolm faf ten them with strings; but ftill Malcolm thought he would be known. "I have fo odd a face (said he), that no man ever faw me but he would know me again."———

Malcom's fifter, whofe house they reached

reached pretty early in the morning, afked him who the perfon was that was along with him. He faid, it was one Lewis Caw from Crieff; who being a fugitive like himself for the fame reafon, he had engaged him as his fervant, but that he had fallen fick. "Poor man! (faid fhe) I pity him. At the fame time my heart warms to a man of his appearance." Her husband was gone a little way from home; but was expected every minute to return. She fet down to her brother a plentiful Highland breakfast. Prince Charles acted the fervant very well, fitting at a refpectful diftance, with his bonnet off. Malcolm then faid to him, "Mr. Caw, you have as much need of this as I have; there is enough for us both; you had better draw nearer and fhare with me."-Upon which he role, made a profound bow, fat down at table with his fuppofed mafter, and cat very heartily. After this there came in an old woman, who, after the mode of ancient hofpitality, brought warm water, and washed Malcolm's feet. He defired her to wash the feet of the poor man who attended him. She at firft feemed averfe to this, from pride, as thinking him beneath her, and in the periphrafic language of the Highlanders and the Irish, faid warmly,

Malcolm." I wish we had," anfwered John; "we fhould take care of him." -"Well, John," said Malcolm-" he is in your house."— John, in a tranfport of joy, wanted to run directly in, and pay his obeifance; but Malcolm flopped him, faying, " Now is your time to behave well, and do nothing that can difcover him." John compofed himself; and having fent away all his fervants upon different errands, he was introduced into the prefence of his gueft, and was then defired to go and get ready a boat lying near his houfe, which, though but a small leaky one, they refolved to take, rather than go to the Laird of M'Kinnon. John M.Kinnon, however, thought otherwife; and upon his return told them, that his Chief and Lady M'Kinnon were coming in the laird's boat. Prince Charles faid to his trufty Malcolm, "I am forry for this, but must make the best of it."

M'Kinnon then walked up from the fhore, and did homage to the Wanderer. His lady waited in a cave, to which they all repaired, and were entertained with cold meat and wine.-Mr. Malcolm McLeod being now fuperfeded by the Laird of M'Kinnon, defired leave to return, which was granted him; and Prince Charles wrote a fhort note, which he fubfcribed James Thomfen, informing his friends that he had got away from Sky, and thanking them for their kindness; and he defired this might be speedily conveyed to young Rafay and Dr. McLeod, that they might not wait longer in expectation of feeing him again. He bid a cordial adieu to Malcolm, and infifted on his accepting of a filver flockbuckle, and ten guineas from his purfe; though, as Malcolm told me, it did not appear to contain above forty. Malcolm at first begged to be excufed; faying, that he had a few guineas at his fervice: but Prince

Charles

Charles answered, "You will have need of money. I fhall get enough when I come upon the main land."

The Laird of M'Kinnon then conveyed him to the oppofite coaft of Knoidart. Old Rafay, to whom intelligence had been fent, was croffing at the fame time to Sky; but as they did not know of each other, and each had apprehenfions, the two boats kept aloof.

Thefe are the particulars which I have collected concerning the extraordinary concealment and efcapes of Prince Charles in the Hebrides. He

was often in imminent danger. The troops traced him from the Long Island, across Sky, to Portree; but there loft him.

Here I top,--having received no farther authentic information of his fatigues and perils before he escaped to France.-Kings and fubjects may both take a leffon of moderation from the melancholy fate of the House of Stuart; that Kings may not fuffer degradation and exile, and fubjects may not be harraffed by the evils of a difputed fucceffion.

1.

L

OGIC and Metaphyfics. On no fubject has the human understanding been more exercifed than in analyfing its own operations. The various powers of the mind have been examined and defined. The origin and progrefs of our ideas have been traced; and proper rules have been prefcribed, of proceeding from the observation of facts to the establishment of principles, or from the knowledge of principles to form arrangements of fcience. The philofophers of ancient Greece were highly celebrated for their proficiency in these abftrufe fpeculations; and, in their difcuffions and arrange. ments, difcovered fuch depth of thought, and acuteness of difcernment, that their fyftems of Logic, particularly that of the Peripatetick School, have been deemed moft diftinguifhed efforts of human reafon.

But fince we became acquainted, in fome degree, with the literature and fcience of the Hindoos, we find that as foon, as men arrive at that ftage in focial life, when they can turn their attention to fpeculative inquiries, the human mind will, in every region of the earth, difplay

nearly the fame powers, and proceed in its investigations and difcoveries by nearly fimilar steps. From Abul Fazel's compendium of the philofophy of the Hindoos, the knowledge of which he acquired, as he informs us, by affociating intimately with the moft learned men of the nation; from the fpecimen of their logical difcuffions contained in that portion of the Shafter published by Colonel Dow, and from many paffages in the Baghvat-Geeta, it appears that the fame fpeculations which occupi ed the philofophers of Greece had engaged the attention of the Indian Brahmins; and the theories of the former, either concerning the qualities of external objects, or the nature of our own ideas, were not more ingenuous than thofe of the latter. To define with accuracy, to diftinguifh with acuteness, and to reason with fubtlety, are characteristics of both; and in both, the fame excels of refinement, in attempting to analyfe thofe operations of mind which the faculties of man were not formed to comprehend, led fometimes to the molt falte and dangerous conclufions. That fceptical philofophy, which

denies the existence of the material world, and afferts nothing to be real but our own ideas, feems to have been known in India as well as in Europe; and the fages of the Eaft, as they were indebted to philofophy for the knowledge of many important truths, were not more exempt than thofe of the Weft from its delufions and errors.

2d. Ethics. This fcience, which has for its object, to afcertain what diftinguishes virtue from vice, to inveftigate what motives thould prompt men to act, and to preferibe rules for the conduct of life, as it is of all others the most interesting, feems to have deeply engaged the attention of the Brahmins. Their fentiments with refpect to thefe points were various, and, like the philofophers of Greece, the Brahmins were divided into fects, diftinguished by maxims and tenets often diametrically oppofite. That fect with whofe opinions we are, fortunately, beft acquainted, had established a fyftem of morals, founded on principles the moft generous and dignified which unaffifted reafon is capable of difcovering. Man, they taught, was formed, not for fpeculation or indolence, but for action. He is born, not for himself alone, but for his fellow men. The happiness of the fociety of which he is a member, the good of mankind, are his ultimate and highest objects. In chufing what to prefer or to reject, the juftnefs and propriety of his choice are the only confiderations to which he should attend. The events which may follow his actions are not in his own power, and whether they be profperous or adverfe, as long as he is fatisfied with the purity of the motives which induced him to act, he can enjoy that approbation of his own mind, which conftitutes genuine happiness, independent of the power of fortune or the opinions of other men. "Man (fays the author

of the Mahabarat) enjoyeth not free.* dom from action. Every man is involuntarily urged to act by those principles which are inherent in his nature. He who refraineth his active faculties, and fitteth down with his mind attentive to the objects of his fenfes, may be called one of an eftrayed foul. The man is praised, who, having fubdued all his paffions, performeth with his active faculties all the functions of life, unconcerned about the event. Let the motive be in the deed, and not in the event. Be not one whofe motive for action is the hope of reward. Let not thy life be spent in inaction. Depend upon application, perform thy duty, abandon all thought of the confequence, and make the event equal, whether it terminate in good or in evil; for fuch an equality is called Yog [i. e. attention to what is fpiritual.] Seek an asylum then in wifdom alone; for the miferable and unhappy are fo on account of the event of things. Men who are endued with true wisdom are unmindful of good or evil in this world. Study then to obtain this application of thy understanding, for fuch application in bufinefs is a precious art. Wife men who have abandoned all thought of the fruit which is produced from their actions, are freed from the chains of birth; and go to the regions of eternal happiness."

From thefe, and other paffages which I might have quoted, we learn that the diftinguishing doctrines of the Stoical School were taught in India many ages before the birth of Zeno, and inculcated with a perfuafive carneftnefs nearly resembling that of Epictetus; and it is not without aftonishment that we find the tenets of this manly active philofophy, which feem to be formed only for men of the moft vigorous fpirit, prefcribed as the rule of conduct to a race of people more eminent for the gen

tienefs