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ders this story not very probable; and befides Mr. King was not elected by the college, but was made fellow by a royal mandate, so that there can be no truth in the tradition; but if there was any, it is no fign of Milton's resentment, but a proof of his generosity, that he could live in fuch friendship with a fuccefsful rival, and afterwards fo paffionately lament his decease. His method of writing controversy is urged as another argument of his want of temper: but fome allowance must be made for the customs and manners of the time. Controversy, as well as war, was rougher and more barbarous in thofe days, than it is in these. And it is to be confidered too, that his adversaries first began the attack; they loaded him with much more personal abuse, only they had not the advantage of so much wit to season it. If he had engaged with more candid and ingenuous difputants, he would have preferred civility and fair argument to wit and satir: “to do fo was my choice, and to have done "thus was my chance," as he expresses himself in the conclufion of one of his controverfial pieces. All who have written any accounts of his life agree, that he was affable and inftructive in converfation, of an equal and chearful temper; and yet I can easily believe, that he had a fufficient sense of his own merits, and contempt enough for his adversaries.

His merits indeed were fingular; for he was a man not only of wonderful genius, but of immense learning and erudition; not only an incomparable poet, but a great mathematician, logician, historian, and divine. He was

a mafter not only of the Greek and Latin, but likewise of the Hebrew, Chaldee, and Syriac, as well as of the modern languages, Italian, French, and Spanish. He was particularly fkilled in the Italian, which he always preferred to the French language, as all the men of letters did at that time in England; and he not only wrote elegantly in it, but is highly commended for his writings by

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the most learned of the Italians themselves, and especially by the members of that celebrated academy called della Crusca, which was established at Florence for the refining and perfecting of the Tuscan language. He had read almost all authors, and improved by all, even by romances, of which he had been fond in his younger years; and as the bee can extract honey out of weeds, fo (to use his own words in his Apology for Smectymnuus)" those

books, which to many others have been the fuel of "wantonnefs and loofe living, proved to him so many "incitements to the love and obfervation of virtue." His favorite author after the Holy Scriptures was Homer. Homer he could repeat almost all without book; and he was advised to undertake a translation of his works, which no doubt he would have executed to admiration. But (as he says of himself in his postscript to the Judgment of Martin Bucer)" he never could delight in long citations, "much less in whole traductions." And accordingly there are few things, and those of no great length, which he has ever tranflated. He was poffeffed too much of an original genius to be a mere copyer. "Whether it be "natural disposition, fays he, or education in me, or that 66 my mother bore me a fpeaker of what God made my "own, and not a tranflator." And it is fomewhat remarkable, that there is scarce any author, who has written so much, and upon fuch various subjects, and yet quotes fo little from his contemporary authors, or so feldom mentions any of them. He praises Selden indeed in more places than one, but for the reft he appears difposed to cenfure rather than commend. After his feverer ftudies, and after dinner as we obferved before, he ufed to divert and unbend his mind with playing upon the organ or bass-viol, which was a great relief to him after he had loft his fight; for he was a master of music, as was his father, and he could perform both vocally and inftrumentally, and it is faid that he compofed very well,

tho'

tho' nothing of this kind is handed down to us. It is alfo said that he had some skill in painting as well as in music, and that fomewhere or other there is a head of Milton drawn by himself: but he was bleffed with fo many real excellences, that there is no want of fictitious ones to raise and adorn his character. He had a quick apprehenfion, a sublime imagination, a strong memory, a piercing judgment, a wit always ready, and facetious or grave as the occafion required: and I know not whether the loss of his fight did not add vigor to the faculties of his mind. He at least thought fo, and often comforted himself with that reflection.

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But his great parts and learning have scarcely gained him more admirers, than his political principles have raised him enemies. And yet the darling paffion of his foul was the love of liberty; this was his conftant aim and end, however he might be mistaken in the means. was indeed very zealous in what was called the good old cause, and with his fpirit and his refolution it is fomewhat wonderful, that he never ventured his person in the civil war; but tho' he was not in arms, he was not unactive, and thought, I suppose, that he could be of more service to the cause by his pen than by his sword. was a thorough republican, and in this he thought like a Greek or Roman, as he was very converfant with their writings. And one day Sir Robert Howard, who was a friend to Milton as well as to the liberties of his country, and was one of his conftant vifitors to the laft, inquired of him how he came to fide with the republicans. Milton answered among other reasons, because theirs was the most frugal government, for the trappings of a monarchy might set up an ordinary commonwealth. But then his attachment to Cromwell must be condemned, as being neither confiftent with his republican principles, nor with his love of liberty. And I know no other way of accounting for his conduct, but by prefuming (as I

think we may reasonably presume) that he was far from entirely approving of Cromwell's proceedings, but confidered him as the only person who could rescue the nation from the tyranny of the Prefbyterians, who he saw were erecting a worse dominion of their own upon the ruins of prelatical epifcopacy; and of all things he dreaded fpiritual flavery, and therefore clofed with Cromwell and the Independents, as he expected under them greater liberty of conscience. And tho' he ferved Cromwell, yet it must be said for him, that he ferved a great master, and served him ably, and was not wanting from time to time in giving him excellent good advice, especially in his fecond Defense: and fo little being faid of him in all Secretary Thurloe's state-papers, it appears that he had no great fhare in the fecrets and intrigues of government; what he dispatched was little more than matters of neceffary form, letters and answers to foreign ftates; and he may be justified for acting in such a station, upon the fame principle as Sir Matthew Hale for holding a Judge's commiffion under the ufurper: and in the latter part of his life he frequently expreffed to his friends his entire fatisfaction of mind, that he had conftantly employed his ftrength and faculties in the defense of liberty, and in oppofition to flavery.

In matters of religion too he has given as great offense, or even greater, than by his political principles. But still let not the infidel glory: no fuch man was ever of that party. He had the advantage of a pious education, and ever expreffed the profoundest reverence of the Deity in his words and actions, was both a Christian and a Proteftant, and studied and admired the Holy Scriptures above all other books whatsoever; and in all his writings he plainly fhoweth a religious turn of mind, as well in verse as in profe, as well in his works of an earlier date as in those of later compofition. When he wrote the Doctrin and Disciplin of Divorce, he appears to have

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been a Calvinist; but afterwards he entertained a more
favorable opinion of Arminius. Some have inclined to
believe, that he was an Arian; but there are more ex-
press paffages in his works to overthrow this opinion,
than any there are to confirm it. For in the conclufion
of his treatise of Reformation he thus folemnly invokes
the Trinity;
"Thou therefore that fitteft in light and glo-
ry unapproachable, Parent of Angels and Men! next
"thee I implore Omnipotent King, Redeemer of that loft
"remnant whose nature thou didft affume, ineffable and
everlasting Love! And thou the third fubfiftence of di-
• vine infinitude illumining Spirit, the joy and folace of
"created things! one Tri-perfonal Godhead! look upon
this thy poor, and almost spent and expiring Church
"&c." And in his tract of Prelatical Epifcopacy he en-
devors to prove the spuriousness of some epistles attribu-
ted to Ignatius, because they contained in them heresies,
one of which herefies is, that "he condemns them for
"minifters of Satan, who say that Chrift is God above
"all." And a little after in the fame tract he objects to the
authority of Tertullian, because he went about to "prove
"an imparity between God the Father, and God the Son."
And in the Paradise Loft we shall find nothing upon this
head, that is not perfectly agreeable to Scripture. The
learned Dr. Trap, who was as likely to cry out upon
herefy as any man, afferts that the poem is orthodox in
every part of it; or otherwise he would not have been at
the pains of tranflating it. Neque alienum videtur a
ftudiis viri theologi poema magna ex parte theologicum;
omni ex parte (rideant, per me licet, atque ringantur
athei et infideles) orthodoxum, Milton was indeed a dif-
fenter from the Church of England, in which he had been
educated, and was by his parents defigned for holy or-
ders, as we related before; but he was led away by early
prejudices against the doctrin and disciplin of the Church;
and in his younger years was a favorer of the Prefbyte-

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