CUT FLOWers. The best 12 bunches of hardy or perennial flowers in distinct kinds were shown by Col. SANFORD, Nynehead Court (gr. S. Kitley), 2nd Mrs. SAVILE, Barley House (gr. J. Rogers). Among the prizewinners in the separate classes for cut flowers were Messrs. B. C. SHEPHERD, J. COPP, Mrs. WEBBER INCLEDON, Rev. E. E. HEATHCOTE, Dr. SAMWAYS, Sir DUDLEY DUCKWORTH KING and Col. GUNDRY (gr. A. Shackelton). Colonel GUNDRY'S Sweet Peas were remarkably fine, being large and with long stems. Notable varieties in his exhibits were Bolton's Pak, Helen Lewis, John Ingman, Gladys Unwin, hag Edward VII., Dorothy Eckford, and Lady Grisel Hamilton. FRUIT. For the President's Challenge Cup and special prize for a collection of six dishes of dessert fruits there was strong competition. The first prize was won by Sir DUDLEY DUCKWORTH KING, Wear House (gr. S. Baker); 2nd, H. ST. MAUR, Stover, Park (gr. G. Richardson). The premier collection contained White Muscat of Alexandria Grapes, Royal Jubilee Melon, Humboldt Nectarine, Hale's Early Peach, Brown Turkey Fig, and Williams' Bon Chrétien Pears. The best three bunches of Muscat of Alexandria Grapes were also shown by Sir DUDLEY KING. He was also 1st for Black Alicante Grapes with three well-grown bunches. For Madresfield Court and Black Hamburgh' Grapes Messrs. B. C. SHEPHERD and H. ST. MAUR were 1st, respectively. The best Peaches were displayed by J. H. LEY, Esq., Trebill (gr. J. S. Harding), hé having beautiful fruits of Hale's Early. Mr. B. C. SHEPHERD had the best Nectarines. Mrs. KNIGHT-BRUCE, Exminster (gr. J. Way), had the best green, or white-fleshed Melon in a small but highly-lavoured fruit of Hero of Lockinge. The premier dish of Pears of any variety was shown by Sir DUDLEY KING, the kind being Williams Bon Chrétien, of superb quality and very beautiful in colour. The 1st prize for dessert Apples went to Col. SANFORD. For culinary Apples Mrs. C. HEARN and Rev. E E. HEATHCOTE were equal 1st with Ecklinville Seedling and Lord Suffield respectively. Rev. F. A. HAMILTON-GELL, Winslade (gr. G. T. Barnes), was 1st in a class for yellow Plums with Jefferson's Gage, and for purple or red Plums not Gages) with Kirke's Seedling. Mr. J. H. LEY had the best Morello Cherries, and Dr. SAMWAYS the best Red Currants. VEGETABLES. The prize for a collection which included Ailsa Craig Onions, Autumn Giant Cauliflower, Eclipse Tomato, Tender and True Parsnip, Best of All Runner Beans. Dobbie's Selected Red Celery, New Intermediate Carrot, Dobbie's Champion' Leek, and Factor Potato was won by Mr. J. H. LEY, Trebill; 2nd, B. C. SHEPHERD, Esq. (gr. J. Stuckey.) The Onions were exceptionally good, the 1st prize for these being taken by Sir DUDLEY KING: 2nd, T. KEKEWICH, Esq., Peamore (gr. J. Abraham). Mr. T. KEKEWICH was 1st in a keen competition for Carrots, both in the class for Horn varieties, and the long or intermediate. The 1st prize for Beet was awarded the Earl of PORTSMOUTH (gr. J. Vickery), who was also 1st for Kidney Potatos. Sir DUDLEY KING was 1st for Tomatos with the variety Eclipse. TRADE EXHIBITS. Messrs. ROBERT VEITCH and SON, Exeter, exhibited their new Rehmannia "Pink Perfection," a fine collection of Gladioli, including Groff's Canadian Hybrids in the new blue shades, Dendromecon rigidum and other interesting new plants. Messrs. W. B. SMALE and SoN, Torquay, showed their new Dahlia Jeanne Charmet, and a pretty, deep pink decorative Dahlia named Phyllis Mr. W. J. Godfrey, Exmouth, staged a Cactus Dahlia of bright pink shade named Krembilda, and a fine batch of Solanum Wendlandi. Messrs. JARMAN & Co., Chard, showed their new varieties of Sweet Sultan, also Dahlias, and Roses. Other exhibits were shown by Messrs. J. WALTERS, Exeter; SAUNDERS & BISS, horticultural builders, and TUPLIN & SONS, Newton Abbot. AGRICULTURAL, MARKET GAR- AUGUST 21.-In the grounds of Norton Park, Bredon's Norton, near Tewkesbury (by the kind permission of Miss Woodhull), the Bredon's Norton and District Agricultural, Market Gardeners and Cottagers held their first horticultural show on the above date. The gathering owed its success largely to the efforts of the hon. secretary, Miss Edith Bradley, who is already well known in the agricultural world, and more especially to women agriculturists, being a firm believer in the part which women can, and will take in its lighter branches, and that by starting a new movement in this particular district it would prove to throw open wider the door for women's employment, and stem the tide of those who would otherwise turn their backs to the land. At two o'clock the Show was formally opened by Lord Coventry. Miss Bradley read a report in which she expressed a wish that the Show might become an annual one, and also the satisfaction it gave her to be able to announce that a woman had carried off the 1st prize for Cottage Gardens. Lord Coventry said that for some time past he had wished to start a co-operative bank, on the lines of those already working in Italy, Switzerland, and Germany, but, for various reasons, amongst them the want of a good secretary, such a plan had so far been impossible. Then, speaking to the farmers, his Lordship said he should like to see more Corn grown in England, for if cut off from our grain imports, we should have but one month's supply in the country. If Parliament would give power to the various County Councils to buy stacks of Corn from the farmers, and keep the grain for national use, in case of war, this would, in some measure, prevent the great rise in the price of bread should war occur. The entries for exhibits were over 375, one of the most interesting being models and plans for a single and pair of cottages, the price of the former to be £400, and of the latter £500 to £600, the prizes being given by Miss Woodhull, who intends to erect the building on her own estate, should the model meet with her approval. The cottage awards were not given at the Show. One, a beautiful little model of a single sixroomed cottage, inscribed "Pro Bono Publico," was charming, both in colour and design, with its quaint porch and long low windows. Facing this exhibit was a stand of bottled fruit, exhibited by the Bredon's Norton School of Gardening. Asparagus, fresh and green as when cut in the garden, and many delectable fruits, were temptingly displayed. The centre of the tent was given to Cottage exhibits, fruit and vegetables, seven entries for table decorations, and the "Mercia Antique Stall." Demonstrations were given during the afternoon in Fruit Bottling, by Miss May Crooke; Bee-Driving, by the Rev. E. Davenport, Worcester County Council; and Butter-Making and Milk Bottling, by Miss Jean Mason, N.D.D., of the Far Forest Dairy. At 3.30 a parade of tradesmen's and market gardeners' turn-outs took place. A novel competitor was a woman market gardener, who was attractively attired in red coat and cap; she is well known in the neighbourhood. A Daughter of Ceres. CROYDON AND DISTRICT HORTICULTURAL. -On Wednesday, the 15th inst. about 40 members and friends of the above society visited the famed gardens of Leonardslee, Horsham, the residence of Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart. Many objects of interest in these gardens make up a collection rarely niet with, and not only the plants, but the beautiful undulating landscape in its natural picturesqueness claims attention in every respect. Sir Edmund, whilst being a keen horticulturist, is also a zoologist of no mean repute, and his collection of animals from all parts of the world enhances the interest of the place. Mr. Cook, the gardener and an old member of the society, personally conducted the visitors through the gardens, and nothing was lacking on his part to make the visit enjoyable. MARKETS. It COVENT GARDEN, August 29. [We cannot accept any responsibility for the subjoined reports. They are furnished to us regularly every Wednesday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who are responsible for the quotations. must be remembered that these quotations do not represent the prices on any particular day, but only the general averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples, the way in which they are packed, the supply in the market, and the demand, and they may fluctuate, not only from day to day, but occasionally several times in one day.-ED.ĺ Cut Flowers, &c.: Average Wholesale Prices. Asters, p. dz, bchs. Calla æthiopica, per dozen Centaurea cyanus, doz. bunches... suaveolens Coreopsis grandiflora, per doz. bunches Carnations, per dozen blooms, best American 20-30 per dz. blooms 16-26 Eucharis grandiflora, per doz. blooms... 30-40 dozen blooms 26-30 Pancratiums, doz. fls. Pelargoniums, show, per doz. bunches - Zonal, double scarlet... Poppies (Iceland), 20-80 80-50 30-40 per dz. bnchs. 1,0- 20 Shirley 16-80 per 10-26 30-80 10-16 Pyrethrums, dozen 9 0-12 0 16-26. 20-30 Roses, 12 blooms, 10-20 Bridesmaid Kaiserin A.. Victoria 10-16 10-20 Gardenias, per doz. blooms... Gladiolus, various, 16-20 per dz. bnchs.. 9 0-12 0 The Bride 30-40 Brenchleyensis, per doz. spikes 10-20 Gypsophila ele gans, per doz. bunches paniculata Gaillardias Lilium auratum 20-30 26-40 20-30 20-30 Caroline Testout -C. Mermet General Jacqueminot in bunches, per dozen ... - ... Liberty -Madame Chat Mrs. J. Laing 10- 26. from the open, various kinds, per dz. bnchs. 20-50 Scabiosa, per doz. bunches 20-30. 30-40 dozen trusses 30-50 Stocks (double white) per doz. Sweet Peas, per 20-40 doz. bunches.. 10- 30 Cut Follage, &c.: Average Wholesale Prices. s.d. s.d. 16-20 06-09 06-10 s.d. s.d Asparagus plu- (various), per dozen bunches 20-30 Hardy Grasses, per Cycas leaves, each Fern, English, p. 40-60 2 6-30 doz. bunches,... 20-30 Ivy-leaves, bronze 16-20 long trails per bundle... -short green, 10-20 doz. bunches... 20-30 10-16 16-20 Moss, per gross Myrtle, per dozen bunches 40-50 20-50 dozen bunches 09-16 Smilax, p. dz. trails 20-50 Plants in Pots, &c.: Average Wholesale Prices. s.d. s.d. Ampelopsis Veitchii, per dozen Aralia Sieboldi, per dozen farger Araucaria excelsa, per dozen Aspidistras, green, per dozen variegated, per dozen Asparagus plumo - Coreopsis 's.d. s.d. 40-60 60-80 Crotons, per dozen 12 0-30 o 40-60 9 0-12 0 Cyperus alternifo lius, dozen 40-50 laxus, per doz 40-50 Dracænas, per doz. 90-24 12 0-30 0 Euonymus, per dozen 40-90. 18 0-30 0 Ferns, in thumbs, per 100... -in small and large 60's 30 0-12 0 sus nanus, doz. 60-90 Sprengeri, doz. 60-80 tenuissimus ... per dozen Asters, per dozen Begonias (tuberous), per dozen Bouvardias, per dozen Campanula Isophylla alba, per dozen Mayi Chrysanthemums, best 8 0-10 0 3 0-6 0 40-50 60-80 - in 48's, per' dozen -in 32's, per dozen Ficus elastica, per dozen 7 0-10 0 16 0-25 0 4 0-10 O 10 0-18 0 ... 9 0-18 0 repens, per doz. 40-60 Fuchsias, per doz. 40-60 Hydrangea Horten sia, per dozen 8 0-18 0 paniculata 6 0-18 0 40-60 Kentia Belmore40-60 12 0-24 0 50-80 30-60 ana, per dozen 12 0-18 0 - Forsteriana, per dozen... Latania borbonica, per dozen longiflorum, per dozen lancifolium, 12 0-21 0. 12 0-18 0 Clematis, per doz. 8 0-9 0 Lilium auratum. 18 0-24 0 -in flower 18 0-24 0 Cocos Weddelliana, per dozen 9 0-18 4 Coleus 30 n per dozen 12 0-18 0 18 0-24 0 distras still maintain their prices, but as these are now over plentiful in some nurseries they may not continue to do so. Cyperus alternifolius is in good condition now, but this plant is not such a favourite as formerly. Eulalia japonica 48's variegata which was much in demand a few years ago cansingle not be sold easily. 30-40 Rhodanthe, per dz. 3 0-5 0 Roses, per dozen... 12 0-18 0 Selaginella, dozen 40-60 Spiræa japonica, 30-50 50-80 Fruit: Average Wholesale Prices, per dozen 6 0-10 0 Verbena Miss Willmott, per doz.. 40-60 COVENT GARDEN FLOWER MARKET. The market now presents only a very dull appearance. In flowering plants Chrysanthemums are the leading feature, and sell fairly well, besides the pot-plants, many of which are now very good, large quantities are taken up from the ground and sold in boxes for planting. Asters are also sent to market in the same condition and are useful for filling up spaces in the garden where annuals and other early flowers have passed away. Asters in pots realise very low unremunerative prices. There are still good zonal Pelargoniums, also a few Ivy-leaved sorts, but the "shows" and regals" are now nearly finished for the season. Liliums, of various sorts, and Campanulas are good from several growers, but there are also some very poor plants of Campanula. Double Zinnias, Coreopsis, and Verbenas are still satisfactory. White Marguerites are plentiful. Most of the Fern growers continue to keep their stands well filled with useful plants. It is remarkable that Palms are now cheaper in Covent Garden market than they are in Belgium. Aspi CUT FLOWERS. Trade continues to be very uncertain, and prices are very low. Lilium longiflorum has been down to 1s. per bunch, for good blooms, L. lancifolium album has sold at 6d. to 1s. per bunch, L. lancifolium melpomene and L. tigrinum are also good. Roses are now a little dearer, or, at least, some of them are, but it is difficult to quote prices. After the best have been selected the remainder have to be sold for what little they will fetch, and hawkers take them out in large baskets. Carnations do not sell much better; there are still a few fairly good "Malmaisons." and "American" or "tree" Carnations are almost as good now Sweet as they were early in the season. Peas are nearly finished for the season, they have been marketable since early in February. Lily of the Valley is over plentiful; Gardenias, Stephanotis, Tuberoses, Eucharis, &c., are all well supplied, and Gladioli, Gaillardias, Coreopsis, and other hardy flowers are over abundant. Asters, in distinct colours, are seen all round the market, but now there are fine blooms of Chrysanthemums, fewer Asters will be needed. The beautiful Chrysanthemum blooms now coming in would realise more money in October. A. H., Covent Garden, Wednesday, Aug. 29, 1906. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria_ & Paradise Nurseries, DAVID W. THOMSON, 113, George Street, Edinburgh-Bulbs. WILLIAM LAING, Sutton, Surrey-Bulbs. DOBBIE & Co., Rothesay, N.B.-Bulbs. JAMES CARTER & Co., High Holborn, London-Bulbs. J. BACKHOUSE & SON, LTD., York and Leeds-Bulbs. ANGLO-DUTCH NURSERY Co., Castricum, near Haarlem, W. SMEENK & SON, Backenhagen Nurseries, near Delden, ENQUIRIES AND REPLIES. RHUBARB.--Will any reader of the Gardeners' Chronicle please state their experience of the variety of Rhubarb known as Burbank's Winter Red? Does most of it persistently run to seed? J. P., King's Norton. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. ARABIS DISEASED: Fairmill. The plants are attacked by white rust, Cystopus candidus. The disease has probably spread from some neighbouring cultivated plant or weed, as the fungus occurs on every plant belonging to the wallflower family. Infection only takes place during the seedling stage, hence if the seed bed is made in soil that is not infected there is no danger of the disease appearing again. Books; T. C. An account of Douglas' life was published many years ago in Sir William Hooker's Companion to the Botanical Magazine. It is hardly likely that you will be able to obtain that work, but a condensed account is given in the Manual of Conifera published by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, King's Road, Chelsea. You might refer also to the recently issued work, Portraits of Botanists. Details of Drummond's career might also be found in Sir William Hooker's work already referred to. A very brief summary of the work of both the botanists mentioned is given in a Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists, by Britten & Boulger, and published by West, Newman & Co. BOUVARDIAS, &C., INJURED: M. P. The Bouvardias are injured by a fungus, Botrytis cinerea. This suggests that the plants have been grown in too damp an atmosphere. Spray, or better, immerse the affected shoots in a solution of water containing a wineglassful of formalin to the gallon. The Asplenium is injured by thrips. DAHLIA FLOWER BUDS FAILING TO OPEN: J.W.M. We cannot assign any reason for the flowers not opening. There is no disease present to account for it. HONEY DEW: H. W. There is no reason for supposing that the Honey Dew which drops from the leaves of Lime trees is due to any other cause than that of the agency of insects, the insect which is chiefly concerned in this matter being one of the Aphides Pterocallis tiliae, though it is possible in places that some other species is associated with it. NAMES OF FRUITS: G. H. W. Apple Mr. Gladstone.-Nectarine. Peaches: 1, Sea Eagle; 2, Nectarine Peach; 3, Princess of Wales; 4, Not recognised. The Nectarines were over-ripe when packed and were in a state of pulp when received. You ask for a list of the best early and late varieties of Peaches and Nectarines. Peaches. Early: Duchess of Cornwall, Alexander, Amsden June, Hale's Early. Late: Golden Eagle, Lady Palmerston, Gladstone, Walburton Admirable, Nectarines. Early: Cardinal, Early Rivers, Lord Napier; Late, Victoria -good when grown under glass and of excellent flavour, green; Spenser, Newton. Pine Apple is also an excellent variety, but it is not so late in ripening as above. Grape. The best black variety for size and flavour is Madresfield Court.-Interested. 1, Stirling Castle; 2, Bismarck; 3, Belle de Pontoise; 4, Lady Sudeley; 5, Lady Lennox. Will correspondents sending fruits to be named kindly forward them when fully matured. It is difficult to identify Apples and Pears when they are little more than half-grown. NAMES OF PLANTS: D. E. Leycesteria formosa. Photinia serrulata.-H. W. Colutea —J. M. arborescens, the Bladder Senna.-D. M. L. Weigela (Diervilla) rosea.-Hortus. 1, Sempervivum Lindleyi; 2, Cotyledon farinosa; 3, Cotyledon linguæfolia; 4, Mesembryanthemum polyanthum; 5, Iberis sp. probably sempervirens; 6, Lamium maculatum.-B. L. Withania coagulans.-Rayner. Certainly not Tarragon.Doubt. 1, 2, 3 and 5, we are in doubt also, as well we may be from such specimens: 4, Sedum Ewersii; 6, Senecio maritima; 7, Epiphyllum truncatum; 8, Poinsettia pulcherrima; 9, Vallotta purpurea. Next time send better specimens, our time is precious.-J. M. Probably Campanula isophylla, but why trouble us with such a wretched scrap? It is not fair to us or our readers to whom our time is due, to do so.-Zebra. Statice sinuata.-W. H. L. Jasminum nudiflorum, so far as we can tell from the miserable scrap sent. If that is the plant, you can move it in the autumn. It is a most desirable winter-flowering plant.-E. C. L. 1, Cupressus, we cannot tell which one, but probably C. sempervirens; 2, Retinospora pisifera aurea, really a form of Cupressus; 3, Pseudotsuga Douglasi, once called taxifolia; 4, Abies concolor; 5, probably the Deodar, Cedrus Deodara.-B. B., Dunstable. Ruellia macrantha.A. M., Londonderry. 1, Statice sinuata (yellow form); 2, Statice latifolia.-J. K., Huddersfield. Olearea Haastii.-Pinehurst. 1, Rhus cotinus; 2, Abies Pinsapo; 3, Thuya gigantea. Apple next week. PEAS INJURED: A. B. C. No fungus is present on the pods; we believe the rusty appearance is caused by thrips. PLUM LEAF BLISTER: B. H. B. The injury is caused by the Pear leaf blister mite Phytoptus piri. It is now too late to do anything this season, but to prevent recurrence next year spray when the leaf-buds are opening with a mixture consisting of one ounce of soft soap and a wineglassful of paraffin thoroughly mixed in a gallon of rainwater. THE NUNNERY GARDENS, ISLE OF MAN.-We take note of your letter. TOMATOS: A. B. Tomato rust, Cladosporium fulvum. Burn the affected plants and syringe the others with weak Bordeaux mixture. COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED.-D. P. & Sons-Hugh R. M.W. W. Naunton (with thanks)-E. S.-J. M.-H. L. B.H. J. M.-T. B. S.-A. C. J.-D. Roberts-T. E. A.-A. D. W.-L. G, R.-F. L.-Doubtful-F. C. S.-R. L. H.W. H. C.-F. M.-J. C.-W. Gardiner-J. Brown-Chloris -S. A.-J. O'B.-S. W. F.-W. M.-E. H. J.-W. B. H. The following communications have been received too late to be attended to in this week's issue.-Monreith.A. S.-W. G. H., many thanks.-J. K. M., Millipedes not injurious, the cuttings are rotten.-R. F.-A. C. J.-P. M. -H. R. W.-Constant Reader.- Milford.-W. G. S., Lym ington-Pinehurst-J. D., Melon spot often figured and described.-A. W.-W. Bragg, For Weather Reports see page xii. A THE FRENCH RIVIERA. 183 184 179 178 179 179 179 178 176 182 174-175 181 177 183 N excursion to the French side of the Riviera, to Cannes and Antibes, where numerous old gardens are to be found, is always very interesting. The landscape differs greatly from that on the Italian side of the Riviera, east of the river Var. The Alpes Maritimes, which shelter the Italian Riviera as far as Nice, are directed northwards, and only lower mountains and hills follow the coast as far as Cannes. The west side of the Bay of Cannes is bordered by the picturesque Esterel Mountains. The coast along this strip of land is flat, and sand downs are more or less conspicuous. From the Var, as far as Antibes and Juan-lesPins, these downs extend for a considerable tract inland, with much rough gravel, which offers only a sterile soil, on which short grasses form meagre meadows or woods of Pinus halepensis are growing. At Juan-lesPins and the Croisette, as also along the west boundary of Cannes, the sand is of the usual fine quality. On these sandy downs Pinus Pinaster and the stone Pine, P. Pinea, grow in dense woods, and individual trees of great beauty are to be found. Whilst the rocks of the Italian Riviera are Jurassic or of the older tertiary epoch and chiefly calcareous, the French side is, with some exceptions, a very old formation of Gneiss and Porphyry. These rocks have produced quite a different soil, rich in siliceous matter, which influences the vegetation and accounts principally for the successful cultivation of many plants. The winter temperature of that side of the Riviera is lower than it is east of the Var. The country is more exposed to north winds; nevertheless, many plants resist them as well or even better than they do at La Mortola. There is also more rain, and often we can see it raining there whilst we at La Mortola have a cloudless sky. Cap d'Antibes is a long peninsula of calcareous rocks, reaching far out into the sea. The garden of the Villa Thuret, a botanical garden presented to the State by the widow of M. Thuret, is situated in a very sheltered spot. Professor Poirault, who succeeded M. Charles Naudin, has greatly increased the already large collection of plants. This garden is very rich in remarkable trees, and especially in Eucalyptus. There is a specimen of Jubæa spectabilis, certainly the oldest and tallest on the whole coast. Its stem is about seven metres high and 4.75m. in circumference at the bottom about 10 c. m. above the soil. One of the oldest Pritchardias I measured There was 3m. in circumference. are several fine old Cedars and some beautiful specimens of Araucaria Bidwill. The collection of evergreen trees and shrubs is extremely rich; many botanical rarities and many very decorative species deserve mention, did space permit. Large Yucca filifera and Yucca Mazelii have been frequently photographed. There is also a collection of succulent plants, and one of bulbs and perennials. A big specimen of Opuntia tomentosa deserves special notice. It is the biggest to be found on the Riviera. The propagating beds and the new plantations contain many novelties of high interest. Everywhere it may be seen how anxious the director, Prof. Poirault, and his head gardener, Mons. Texier, are to improve this scientific garden. A visit to it is always instructive and pleasant. I found many interesting plants in flower, and gathered a rich harvest for our herbarium. This time, however, my visit to the French Riviera took place when there were signs of rain and thunder. On July 4 and 5 heavy thunderstorms brought an enormous quantity of rain, at Marseilles 87mm., at La Mortola 76m. were measured. The storm of July 5 did great damage at Cannes and farther west. At Cannes the storm was terrific. The streets were under water and covered with Platanus leaves, windows were broken, and the ships and boats lying in the port were damaged. In the gardens and along the road the trees were sadly damaged, big Eucalypti were blown down, and the telegraph and telephone wires destroyed. The railway line was also damaged, and the train and tram services were interrupted for some time. I was thus prevented from visiting some of the many fine gardens of Cannes. Many or most of them are kept up at considerable expense. The plants seem to enjoy the soil, the more so as there is no stint of manure nor of water. I saw one fine villa garden in the centre of the town which well deserves a visit. It is a typical Riviera garden in its most elaborate and expensive style. A garden of this sort is a modern form of the Rococo style, "Nature in bonds." It is sure to be found where pro found knowledge and love of nature and plants are not the motive of keeping up a garden. It contains, nevertheless, many fine plants, and during the season it is sure to be admired. The magnificent Palms, groups of Bamboos, and many fine trees are striking features. On my return to Golfe Juan I had occasion to admire quite a different style of garden. It is situated along the rocky shore between the sea and the railway on a very narrow strip of land, about one kilometre long. This garden is kept as a wild garden. Large Pines, Heaths, Cistuses, Calycotome, etc., form a dense macchia," mixed with such exotic plants as Lotus peliorhynchus, Chorizemas, Melaleuca, etc. The whole has a charming effect. What a difference between such a garden and that at Cannes! In two places where the land is broader there is a small orchard and flower garden. In the former they cultivate a kind of Citrus (Citron gallé) from Mauritius, Anona Cherimolia was in flower, and even such delicate plants as Pandanus utilis and Piment officinalis grow well in the open. All along the road leading from Cannes to Golfe Juan fine gardens and horticultural establishments succeed each other. Many of these gardens, however, seem sadly neglec ted, an eloquent proof of the decreasing interest in horticulture, which, according to a friend of mine, is due to the increasing "motoromanie." I was agreeably surprised to find in one of these gardens some fine and rare plants-Acacia vestita, of which there were several good specimens, and a single Acacia linifolia. These Acacias grow far better on this siliceous soil than on our limestone. Of the rare Hakea Victoriæ there were two old specimens, which seem to have flowered and fruited abundantly. A tall specimen of Dammara australis with a straight stem, measuring 20m. in height and 1.40m. in circumference at the base, stood isolated. The storm had broken some big branches, so I was able to collect some herbarium specimens with male flowers. I tried to impress upon the gardener the value of these rare plants and that he ought to propagate them, but if the owner of the garden shows no interest, how can his gardener be expected to do otherwise? But, most of all, the dense Palm woods of two gardens at Golfe Juan attracted my attention. It is a pity that they have been turned by their owners into a kind of horticultural establishment. Still, much of their beauty remains. The originator of these gardens planted a tropical, or rather subtropical forest, which even now, after so many fine trees have been removed and sold, still produces an imposing effect. Tal Cocos Romanzoffiana, with their high, smooth stems, and Pritchardias form lofty columns, above which the dense green roof of the foliage hides the sky, and in the shade of which tender tree Ferns are spreading their large fronds. Many other Palms and interesting evergreen trees and shrubs, large Eucalypti, Dammara, Podocarpus, Ocotea fœtens, Acacias, Banksias, etc., frame this model of a subtropical forest. We have nothing similar on this side of the Riviera-even the dense plantations of Phoenix dactylifera at Bordighera are by no means so imposing and elegant. Alwin Berger, La Mortola Ventimiglia, Italy. GUEVINA AVELLANA. THIS evergreen tree, known also as the Chilian Nut [and as Gevuina Avellana in Index Kewensis], was introduced into this country and distributed by Mr. Bull, who describes it as "an evergreen growing in its native country, Chili, to the height of 30 feet, and furnished with coriaceous, impari-pinnate leaves, consisting of from two to five pairs of ovate-dentate leaflets. The flowers are in simple, erect racemes, 2 inches to 4 inches in length, succeeded by globose, edible drupes enclosing almond-like seeds, which are eaten in Chili and Peru. The latter have a mild and somewhat oily taste, while the fleshy pericarp is made later stages. In the same garden are two other examples, one about 16 feet in height, much crowded by Rhododendrons, and another healthy plant 4 feet in height raised from a layer. In Mr. Bolitho's garden at Trewidden, Penzance, an account of which appeared in these pages a few weeks ago, is another specimen 10 feet in height, also raised from a layer, and in the same gardens are three seedlings a few inches in height. In August the flower-racemes are produced, these being 4 inches in length and holding about two, dozen small ivory-white blossoms with narrow recurving petals and stamens protruding half-aninch These are followed by fruits about the size FIG. 70.-GUEVINA AVELLANA AS GROWING AT GREENWAY, DEVONSHIRE. HEIGHT 23 FEET, SPREAD OF BRANCHES 20 FEET. a substitute for the Pomegranate. It belongs to the tribe Grevilliæ, of the natural order Protaceæ, and has proved itself quite hardy in Devonshire, though whether it is so in any of the less favoured parts of the country we are unable to say. Anyway it is a very handsome shrub." The specimen here figured, presumably the largest in the United Kingdom, is growing at Greenway, on the banks of the Dart, the property of Mr. T. B. Bolitho. It is 23 feet in height, and at the base has a spread of 20 feet. Its age is unknown, but an old man who has worked on the estate for 42 years states that it was 10 feet or 12 feet high when he first came, so that its growth is evidently slow in the of marbles, at first green, then red and eventually purple. It is a very rare plant, and I know of none in the south-west except such as have been propagated by layers obtained from the plant now illustrated. As regards Mr. Bull's statement that it is quite hardy in South Devon, I may say that this spring I saw a young plant in a certain Cornish garden that had died during the winter. At Kew, growing against the wall of the herbaceous garden, is a plant labelled Guevina Avellana absolutely unlike the Greenway specimen, having entire leaves 4 inches in length and 3 inches across in. place of the much-divided foliage, which is apparent even in seedlings. S. W. Fitzherbert. THE LILY SEASON IN SCOTLAND. IN south-western Scotland Lilies of every description seem to have been uncommonly successful this year, the moist season manifestly suiting their requirements much better than it has suited the capricious and somewhat too susceptible Rose. I have recently had the privi lege of visiting several of the finest gardens in Wigtownshire, notably those at Monreith, the exquisitely-situated residence of Sir Herbert Maxwell, a sympathetic cultivator of the finest and rarest hardy flowers and flowering trees; Dunragit, long the property of Admiral Sir John Hay, whose gardens, under the fostering care of Mrs. Cunninghame and her head gardener, Mr. Bryden, are even more attractive than they were in the Admiral's earlier days; and Castle Kennedy, famous for the spacious grounds and gardens of the Earl of Stair, which, when under the guidance of his accomplished superintendent, Mr. Cruden, I visited on a memorably bright and peaceful evening last week, were, with all their lakes and terraces and glorious coniferous trees, supremely fascinating. To visit, under serene atmospheric conditions, such a splendid collection and scenic combination as this is an education in itself, for Castle Kennedy is a veritable epitome of the flora and forestry of the world. In all of those distinguished horticultural centres, as also at Logan House in this picturesque parish, Oriental Lilies are cultivated extensively, and with gratifying results. Sir Herbert Maxwell has always imposing speciments of Lilium giganteum in the charming shrubberies, environing his brilliant flower gar dens, while at Dunragit House and Castle Kennedy (as formerly at Logan) the stately and majestic Lilium auratum platyphyllum almost invariably flowers grandly, and reaches an im posing height. Last year I parted with an enormous bulb of Lilium giganteum, the great Himalayan Lily, because, after growing it patiently for at least four years from an offset, it failed to bloom. I gave it to my near neighbour, Mr. John Hill, mechanic and earnest amateur horticulturist, with whom, I am glad to say, it flowered superbly this season, adorning, with its long, funnel-shaped, ivory white, and intensely fragrant blooms, a conspicuous border in his beautiful, miniature garden, where it was the admiration of all beholders. Lilies, in my opinion, are very conservative, and object to transplantation, unless when accompanied, as in this special instance, by an adhering portion of soil; but Lilium giganteum, doubtless in virtue of its marvellous vitality, appears to be an exception to the general rule. Plant-life, like our own mysterious physical nature, is sometimes benefited by an entire change. The Lilies that have succeeded best in my garden this year are Lilium monadelphum, var. Szovitsianum, a native of Mount Caucasus and Persia, which reached a height of nearly 9 feet, and flowered magnificently; the Siberian L. davuricum,var. incomparabile, a very dark-hued and effective variety; the satiny-white and richly fragrant Madonna Lily Lilium candidum-which in some gardens I could mention has been almost ruined by an insidious disease; Lilium pardalinum, and its more vigorous and prolific derivative, Lilium Burbanki, which re-. sembles it much too closely to be perfectly distinct; and Lilium chalcedonicum, the lustrous "Scarlet Martagon." Lilium auratum is exceedingly promising, but it is considerably later in unfolding its Oriental splendours here than on the sunny terraces at Lochinch Castle. Lilium speciosum, one of the loveliest and most refinedly fragrant of all Eastern Lilies, invariably flowers impressively here, the only exception being the variety of comparatively rent introduction entitled "magnificum," nch, if my own experience of its charact: ristics is any criterion, seems to be lacking i vitality and floral capability. I cannot doubt, ǹwever, that when more strongly established it will, like its predecessors, greatly improve. The various fascinating forms of Lilium longi. rum are usually adequately successful the hrst season, but they are not enduring. There 1-, ere long, too great a multiplication of minute and utterly impotent bulbs, and rapid deterioration is the inevitable and lamentable result. David R. Williamson, Wigtownshire, August 28. MODERN BOTANY. The following extracts are taken from Prof. FW. Oliver's address to the Botanical Section of the British Association at its York meeting, not to mention others, were continually bringing these results before societies, writing about them in the journals, and translating books. But the thing never caught on-it would have been surprising if it had. You may write and talk to your contemporaries to your heart's content, and leave no lasting impression. The schools were not ready. No movement of the sort could take root without the means of enlisting the sympathies of the rising generation. It was only in the 'seventies that effective steps were taken to place botany on the higher platform; and the service rendered in this connection by Thiselton Dyer and Vines is within the knowledge of us all. Like the former in London, so the latter at Cambridge aroused great enthusiasm by his admirable courses of lectures. Great service, too, was rendered by the Clarendon Press, which diffused excellent translations of the best Continental text-books-a policy which it still pursues with unabated vigour, Gardens at your command. I suppose there is hardly a botanist in the country who has not at some time or other availed himself of these facilities, and who does not cherish the happiest memories of the time he may have spent there. Certainly Jodrell displayed rare sagacity in his benefactions, which included, in addition to the laboratory that bears his name, the endowments of the Chairs of Animal Physiology and Zoology at University College, London. "Sir William Thiselton Dyer, who has so recently retired from the Directorship of Kew, had every means of knowing that his happy inspiration of founding a laboratory at Kew was a most fertile one. It would not be surprising if the future were to show that of the many changes inaugurated during his period of service this departure should prove by far the most fruitful. "Another incident belonging to the early days ought not to be overlooked: I refer to the notable concourse of Continental and American unfortunately held concurrently with the Hybridisation Conference in London : The period of twenty-five years that has lapsed since the British Association last met in this city all but includes the rise of modern botany in this country. During the middle deades of last century our botanists wese preocupied with arranging and describing the countless collections of new plants that poured in from every quarter of an expanding empire. The methods inculcated by Linnæus and the other great taxonomists of the eighteenth century had taken deep root with us and choked out all other fluences. Schleiden's Principles of Botany,' which marked a great awakening elsewhere, tailed to arouse us. The greats results of Von Mohl, Hofmeister, Nägeli, and so many other table workers, which practically transformed tany, were at first without visible effect. "It was not that we were lacking in men capable of appreciating the newer work. Henfr, Dr Lankester (the father of our president), FIG. 71. SINGLE GROWTH OF GUEVINA AVELLANA. (For text see page 174.) though the need of them is, I hope, less urgent now than formerly. Already at the time of the last meeting in York (1881) a select band of Englishmen were at work upon original investigations of the modern kind. The individuals who formed this little group of pioneers in their turn influenced their pupils, and so the movement spread and grew. It would be premature to enter fully into this phase of the movement, so I will pass on with the remark that modern botany was singularly fortunate in its early exponents. "Whenever the history of botany in England comes to be written, one very important event will have to be chronicled. This is the foundation of the Jodrell Laboratory at Kew, which dates from the year 1876. Hidden away in a corner of the Gardens this unpretentious appen. dage of the Kew establishment has played a leading part in the work of the last twenty-five years. Here you were free to pursue your investigations with the whole resources of the botanists at the Manchester meeting of the British Association in 1877. The genuine interest which they evinced in our budding efforts and the friendly encouragement extended to us on that occasion certainly left an abiding impression and cheered us on our way. We are not forgetful of our obligations. We regard them in the light of a sort of funded debt on which it is at once a pleasure and a duty to pay interest. The dividends, I believe, are steadily increasing--a happy result which I am confident will be maintained. "But I should be lacking in my duty did I permit the impression to remain that botany is anything but a sturdy and natural growth among us. The awakening, no doubt, came late, and at first we were influenced from without in the subject-matter of our investigations. But many lines of work have gradually opened out, whilst fruitful new departures and important advances have not been wanting. We still lean a little heavily on the morphological side, and our most |