seam supposed to be fiery. The royalty a tract of 500 acres. The pit supposed to have been at coal work three years. There must be a surface plan showing the situation of the engines and machinery, and also the railway and branches, narrow guage, a section of the strata and details of the engines, pumps, cages, tubs, &c. An estimate of cost of establishment, and of working charge of coals; also a plan of the underground workings, shewing the ventilation.

CORNWALL MINING SCHOOL.

In 1843, Sir Charles Leman offered to the county of Cornwall a piece of ground on which to build a mining school, 500l. towards the building, and 20,000l. towards a permanent endowment, provided the county would impose and appropriate to the school a tax of a farthing on every ton of copper ore raised within the county. The offer was not accepted, but the school was opened at Truro under three professors, one of mechanics, a second of chemistry, and a third of mine engineering, and was maintained for three years, at the expense of Sir Charles. Although several practical miners were trained in the school, the attendance of the pupils did not seem to justify the expense, and the enterprise in that form was abandoned; but under the leadership of Robert Hunt, Keeper of the Mining Records, and Inspector of Mining Districts, a Miners' Association was organized for the purpose of employing permanently one or more teachers to give instruction in chemistry, the use of the blowpipe, the ordinary processes of metallurgy, mineralogy, mechanics, and mechanical drawing, at such points as a class of at least ten practical miners could be gathered at. The attendance varies with the prosperity of the mining interests. As many as sixty students have been under instruction at the same time, at different mining centres. A small fee is collected of each member of the class, the Association paying part of the salary, the traveling expenses of the teachers, the apparatus, and the chemicals. The instruction is familiar and oral, with such simple experiments, problems, and diagrams, as the pupils can work out by themselves in the intervals of the meetings. The enterprise is a decided success. Mr. Hunt, in his evidence before the Select Committee, remarks:

Similar classes might be established in the colliery districts at a very small expense. Once established, the most intelligent and most industrious colliers would attend and become acquainted with the principles and management of the safety lamp, of the laws of ventilation, and the cooperation necessary to its successful working, the conditions under which noxious gases from coal are evolved, and the means of their prevention and removal. In these as well as in other districts, proprietors should coöperate to establish these classes, or even well organized mining schools, and the government should encourage such efforts in view of the general benefits resulting from an improved condition of an intelligent population, and an increased production from scientific labor. As the groundwork of all special instruction, the whole community should have better elementary schools, which no authority short of Parliament can establish and administer. In both elementary and special instruction, the British miner is falling behind the German, especially in respect to improved machinery and new methods of assorting and extracting the ores. His prejudices and ignorance preclude the candid examination of suggested improvements. The subjects of elementary instruction in mining districts should be increased and varied, and with the older boys and girls, adapted to their probable vocation— with the former, more of natural science, and with the latter, of domestic economy, and with both, drawing. As the general intelligence of the community increased, the law of natural selection would come into operation, by which the steady and industrious would be drawn into classes, if opened, in which the laws regulating heat and hydrodynamics generally, and mathematics, steam, and mechanics, are taught. Such persons, with practical knowledge as the basis, would constitute suitable pupils for the Government School of Mines.

SCIENCE AND ART IN SCOTLAND.

INSTRUCTION IN SCIENCE AND ART IN SCOTLAND is provided in numerous incorporated institutions, and classes, in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and other large towns, several of which are aided by direct Parliamentary grants, or by the Science and Art Department, such as:-Science Professorships in the great Universities (3 of mathematics, 4 of chemistry, 3 of natural and experimental philosophy, 3 of botany, 2 of natural history, and 1 of civil engineering and mechanics), aided by annual grants of 4,000l.; the Museum of Science and Art, the Royal Institution with two Schools of Art (one for males and the other for female students), and the Watt Institution at Edinburgh; the Andersonian University, and Mechanics' Institute, and School of Art in Glasgow; the Navigation Schools at Leith, &c.

EDINBURGH MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND ART.

The spacious and appropriate structure devoted to the purposes of the Museum of Science and Art, was erected in part by a Parliamentary grant, and ranks with the South Kensington Museum in London and the Royal College of Science in Dublin, in national importance.

The Museum is already large in both the departments of Industrial Art and Natural History, and both collections are made serviceable in instruction, both to visitors and students.

Seven courses of lectures for artisans were delivered in 1868-69 in the lecture hall of the Museum, with a total attendance of 1,386.

The Museum was visited by 131,238 persons by day, and 164,902 in the evening, and 13,138 on pay-days, making a total of 309,278 visits.

Large donations continued to be received to different sections of the Museum, by natives of Scotland residing abroad, and by individuals who desire to place their collections where they will be at once safe, and in position to be consulted and used.

ROYAL INSTITUTION.

The Royal Institution in Prince Street, Edinburgh, for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts in Scotland, originated in 1819, and incorporated in 1823, receives 2,000l. from the Board of Manufactures (established in 1727 for the encouragement of the fisheries and manufactures of Scotland, and which receives annually from government a grant of 4,500l. applicable to these purposes), for the prosecution of its object, viz., a permanent gallery, an annual exhibition of works of art, and two schools for instruction in drawing, painting, and modeling, and architectural and ornamental design. In connection with the Institution in 1869, two Schools of Art (begun by the Board of Manufactures in 1760), one for males and the other for females, were in efficient operation—which together gave instruction in drawing to 684 persons, and maintained special classes in different departments of art, for 200 pupils. These schools received from the Science and Art Department 4487., including two prizes (one of 40%. and the other of 202) paid to the teachers in the National Competition.

The Royal Society of Edinburgh, instituted in 1720; the Royal Scottish Academy of Architecture, founded in 1826; the Royal Association for the Promotion of the Fine Arts; the Botanic Garden, founded in 1670; the Royal Observatory -are all serviceable to Science and Art in their industrial relations.

WATT INSTITUTION AND SCHOOL OF ARTS OF EDINBURGH.

THE SCHOOL OF ARTS* was founded in 1821, on the suggestion of Leonard Horner, and with the coöperation of Dr. Brewster (Sir David), Prof. Pillans, and other men of science, "for the avowed purpose of enabling industrious tradesmen to become acquainted with the principles of mechanics, chemistry, and other branches of science of practical application in their several trades." The introductory lecture was given Feb. 16, 1821, to a large audience of artisans, with this distinct announcement: "You must always bear in mind, that the School of Arts has been established for the purpose of giving you real and substantial instruction, and not to amuse a vacant hour and excite your wonder by exhibiting some curious and showy experiments." The School was opened by the issue of 452 tickets, and in 1869 upward of 1,100, and since 1821, upwards of 22,000 artisan students have received instruction in this people's college. The average age of the students is from 20 to 25. The instruction is given in the evening. The Institution has been widely useful in imparting scientific instruction to the artisans of Edinburgh and the neighborhood, and many men, now eminent as foremen and proprietors of works, and as engineers, owe their promotion and success to these evening classes.

The institution is maintained partly by fees from students, amounting in 1867-8 to 2074. (5s. for a single course; 7s. for two, and 10s. for all the instruction of a session of six months), and partly by subscriptions—a total annual expenditure of about 4001.

The course of instruction embraces: Chemistry, which extends through three sessions (although in each session there is a preliminary course of general chemistry for the benefit of new comers), natural philosophy, mathematics, and English. Architectural, mechanical, and ornamental scroll-drawing, and ornamental modeling, as well as the French and German languages, are also taught.

According to the Syllabus for 1866-67, the Class in mathematics was divided into two sections. To the Junior Section was assigned arithmetic, including square and cube roots; algebra, including quadratic equations; geometry and mensuration of surfaces. To the Senior Section or Class was assigned a revision of the higher parts of the Junior Course-Algebra, higher equations; geometry and trigonometry, and its applications to surveying, mensuration of heights and distances, and navigation; mensuration of surfaces and solids; construction and use of logarithms.

Diplomas issued on the attestation of at least three lecturers in their several departments, and after special examination by the instructors and committees of the school, are acknowledged as of considerable value among artisans, in seeking for situations of trust and responsibility in public works and large private establishments.

The Institution is now in affiliation with the Science and Art Department.

* The name of Watt was associated with the School of Arts in 1850, in consequence of the payment to the Directors of the School by gentlemen of a sum of money subscribed by them for the purpose of founding a Memorial to James Watt, who considered that the best way of realizing the object of the subscription was to associate his name with this Artisan's College. This sum was expended on a building now worth $20,000. The subscribers erected a statue in stone to Watt in front of the School.

SCIENCE AND ART INSTRUCTION IN IRELAND.

INSTRUCTION IN SCIENCE AND ART in Ireland is provided in numerous central and provincial institutions, aided by charges on the Consolidated Fund, by direct Parliamentary grants, or out of appropriations made to the Science and Art Department, viz. :-Professorships of natural philosophy, chemistry, botany, geology, and mineralogy, in the Royal Dublin Society, since 1854 transferred to other institutions; School of engineering in Trinity College, instituted in 1840; Chairs of mathematics, phyics, chemistry, and natural sciences, and Departments of engineering and practical science in the Queen's Colleges in Belfast, Cork, and Galway, established in 1849; Model agricultural schools, and the Albert Agricultural Institute at Glasnevin, under the Commissioners of National Education; the Schools of Art, and Schools of Navigation, and Classes of Science, under the Government Science and Art Department; the Royal College of Science for Ireland, the Royal Dublin Society, and other central and provincial schools. The College possesses a valuable Museum.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE FOR IRELAND.

THE ROYAL COLlege of Science, in Dublin, instituted or rather reorganized in 1867, is now in successful operation, with not a large number of students (32 in 1869) in the regular course, and 5,773 in its special and miscellaneous courses delivered in connection, but with an adequate teaching force and a well-defined plan of instruction, as will be seen from the following

PROGRAMME FOR THE SESSION 1869-70.

The Royal College of Science supplies, as far as practicable, a complete course of instruction in science applicable to the industrial arts, especially those which may be classed broadly under the heads of mining, agriculture, engineering, and manufactures, and is intended to aid in the instruction of teachers for the local schools of science.

Under Applied Mathematics is taken the application of Mathematics to those sciences generally included under the head of Mechanics, viz., Statics, Dynamics, Hydrostatics, and Hydrodynamics, as well as to some other branches of Physics.

Under Mechanism is treated only the relations of motion, or the study of machines merely as contrivances for changing one kind of motion into another, apart from any considerations of force.

Under Machinery is treated the application of Mechanics and Mechanism to machines used in the industrial arts.

Chemistry includes both lectures and laboratory practice.

The course of instruction extends over three years, each year being divided into two terms. In the first two years the instruction is general. In the last year it is specialized under the heads of Mining, Agriculture, Engineering, and Manufactures. The scheme of instruction is the following:

Students entering for the associateship are expected to be acquainted with the first two books of Euclid and the elementary rules of Algebra. Some familiarity with the use of the ordinary drawing instruments is very desirable.

In their first and second years they are required to attend all the courses in the subjects appointed for these years. In their third year they are required to attend all those belonging to any one division, as follows:

Third Year.
Division A.-Mining.

Geology, with demonstrations in Palæontology.
Mineralogy and Mining. Assaying and Metallurgy.

Mechanism and Machinery.
Land Surveying.

Students in this Division are required to attend the lectures of the Professor of Geology, with demonstrations in Palæontology; also those of the Professors of Mining and Mineralogy, of Mechanism, and of Land Surveying. The laboratory instruction will comprise a course of Assaying and Metallurgy.

Geology.
Agricultural Science.

Division B.-Agriculture.

Land Surveying.

Mechanism and Machinery.
Analysis of Soils and Manures.

Students in this Division are required to attend the courses in Geology and Palæontology; also the course of the Professor of Agriculture. They likewise receive instruction in Mechanism and Machinery and in Land Surveying, and also laboratory instruction in the Analysis of Soils and Manures.

Division C.-Engineering.

Mechanism and Machinery.

Mechanical Drawing, Engineering, and Surveying.
Geology and Palæontology.

In this Division the students are required to attend the courses of the Professor of Applied Mathematics, and those of the Professor of Descriptive Geometry in Mechanical Drawing, Engineering, and Land Surveying, also that of the Professor of Geology, with demonstrations in Palæontology.

Division D.-Manufactures.

Applied Mechanics, and Physics.

Applied Chemistry, and Technical Analysis.

Students in this Division are required to attend the lectures of the Professor of Applied Mathematics and of the Professor of Applied Chemistry, and to go through a further course of Practical Chemistry.

The Demonstrator in Palæontology gives instruction, during the second term of the session, to students of the third year. These demonstrations are also open to any student who attends, or has during the preceding session attended, the lectures either of the Professor of Geology, Zoology, or Botany.

A diploma of associateship of the College will be given to students who pass in all the subjects of the first two years, and of any one division of the third year. Students may also enter for the separate courses, and receive certificates after examination. A certificate of attendance in the chemical laboratory is not given for any course less than three months.

The course of instruction in this College is recognized by the Secretary of State for India as qualifying for appointments in the Engineering Department. There are four Royal Scholarships of 501. yearly each, with free education,