THE

HISTORY

OF

MODERN EUROPE:

WITH

A VIEW OF THE PROGRESS OF SOCIETY FROM THE RISE OF THE MODERN

KINGDOMS TO THE PEACE OF PARIS, IN 1763

BY WILLIAM RUSSELL, LL.D.

AND

A CONTINUATION OF THE HISTORY TO THE PRESENT TIME.

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW-YORK, N.
States of America, J. & J. HARPER, of the suid district, have deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereol

, , Unitog
they claim us Proprietors, in the words inllowing, to wit:
" The History of Modern Eurpe. With

a view of the Progress of Society, from the Rise of the modern Kingdoms, to the Peace (Paris, in 1763 Ay William Kussell, LL.D. And a Continuation of the History to the present Time, by William Jones, Esq.-With Annotatinas, by an American."

In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled " An Act for the encouragement of Learuing, by securing the copies of naps, charts and looks, 10 he authon and pmprietors of rich copies, during the times there mentioned.” And als in an Act en inled, -* An Act, suuj plenuentary to an Aci, entitled an Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing the opies of maps, charts, and books, to the author and prpretons of such copies, during the times therein mentioned, and ex teading the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and a 28 bistorical and other prints.

FREDERICK J. BETTS,
Clerk of the Southern District of Na York

CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.

FROM THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA, IN 1648, TO THE PEACE OF PARIS,

IN 1763.

.......

LETTER I.

LETTER II.

England and Ireland, from the Accession of James England and Scotland, from the Rise of Bucking

1. to the Murder of Sir Thomas Overbury, and ham to the Death of James I., in 1625.

the Fall of Somerset, in 1615.

Pago

Page Account of the rapid rise of George Villiers,

A. D. 1603 Introductory reflections ............ 41 created duke of Buckingham................ 52

Genealogy of Jaines 1......

......... 41 His insolence and profusion

52

His arrival in England

...... 42 1616 Sale of the cautionary towns............. 52

He disgusts the populace by his want of general 1617 King's journey Scotland....

53

affability ..

42 Retrospective view of the state of religion in that

His profuse liberality in conferring titles ....... 42 kingdom, with an account of the system of

He leaves the great offices of state chiefly in the worship there establisbed

53

hands of Elizabelli's ministers...... ....... 42 Great influence of the presbyterian clergy in civil

His negotiations with foreign princes and states 42 affairs...

53

Conspiracy against his government deseated.... 43 Disorders occasioned by it..

53

The king's scholastic vanity

43 Restrained by the royal authority..

55

1604 Conference at Hampton Court between the Abhorrence of the Scottish divines against episco-

puritans and the body of the clergy.

44

pacy .......

65

Character of the puritans

44 The king attempts to introduce that form of wor-

James strongly prejudiced against them ........ 44 ship into Scotland, and to get his supremacy in

They are enjoined to conform to the ceremonies of matters of religion there acknowledged...... 55

the church .......

.......... 45 1618 He is obliged to abandon his scheme...... 56

The king's speech to his first parliament........ 45 The Scots greatly disgusted al the obtrusion of cer-

He proposes a union between England and Scot- tain ceremonies upon them.......

...... 56

land

..... 45 Account of sir Walier Raleigh

.... 56

The minds of men not yet ripe for such a mea- He pretends to have discovered a remarkable rich

sure..........

45

gold mine in Guiana ........

....... 56

The commons assert their right of judging finally in invested with authority to engage adventurers, and

regard to their own elections and returns...... 46 go in search of that mine...

57

They attempt the abolishing of wardship and pur- Plunders a Spanish town named St. Thomas, near
veyance...

46 the mouth of the river Oronoco, and returns
Account of those remains of the feudal polity.. 46 without making any discovery....

52
Peace with Spain...

47 He is convicted of having acted contrary to his in-

1605 Gunpowder Plot........

47 structions, and publicly beheaded.. .. 58

Its object the destruction of the king and parlia High dissatistaction occasioned by that mea-

ment.........
The manner in which it was discovered........ 47 | Projected marriage between Charles prince of
Account of Guido Fawkes ........... ...... 48

Wales and the infanta Maria, second daughter of

He and other conspirators seized and executed.. 48 Philip IV. of Spain ....

59

James enjoys a temporary popularity ........... 48 1620 Affairs of ibe elector Palatine, the king of

His laudable policy in regard to Ireland ...... 49

England's son-in-law

59

1612 He abolishes the Irish custom that supplied The people of England zealous for a war with both

the place of laws .....

branches of the house of Austria ............ 59

Account of those customs.

49 1021 The commons frame a remonstrance to that

English laws substituted in their stead, and regular purport, and against the Spanish match...... 59

adminstration, both civil and military, esta- Jaines, jealous of his prerogative, orders the speaker

blished.....

49

to admonish the members lot to presume to meddle

Beneficial effects of those regulations.

49

with any thing that regards his gorernment.. 60

Amiable character of Henry prince of Wales 49 They assert their ancient and undoubted right to inc-

His death (Nov. 6)....

50

terpose with their counsel in all natters of go-

The king renders himself contemptible by an in- vernment....

.... 47

sure......

.... 53

... 49

Page

1623 The prince and minister obtain the king's con- Speech of sir Robert Philips.

sent, and set off for Madrid ..

62 Speech of sir Thomas Wentworth

72

Charles treated with great respect by Philip IV. 62 The PETITION of Rights ....

72

The Spanish courtiers disgusted at the levity and Substance of the bill containing that petition.... 73

licentiousness of Buckingham...

62 Charles obliged to pass it, or lose the vote of sup-

He quarrels with Olivarez, the prime minister, and ply....

73

induces Charles to break off the marriage. He reluctantly gives it his assent..

73

treaty......

62 Dispute with the commons concerning the duty of

Ingratiates himself into the favour of the popular toppage and poundage

73
party in the English house of commons by so Parliament prorogued..

73

doing

63 The king hopes to conciliate the affections of his

Distressing situation of the earl of Bristol at the subjects, by succouring the distressed Protestants

court of Madrid, and the domestic uneasiness of of France..

73

that court

63 Buckingham assassinated by Felton, while preparing

Generous behaviour of the king of Spain 63 to embark for the relief of Rochelle

74

His liberal offer to Bristol....

63 Account of Felton, of his motives for perpetrating

That nobleman's magnanimous refusal.. 63 such a murder, and the circumstances with which

1624 He is committed to the tower on his return to it was accompanied ........

74

England.....

64 Rochelle surrenders ...........

75

The prince of Wales contracted to Henrietta of

France, sister to Louis XIII. and daughter of

Henry IV....

64

LETTER IV.

1625 Death and character of James I........... 64

His reign favourable to commerce and industry 64 England and Scotland, from the Assassination of

Buckingham to the Execution of the Earl of

LETTER III.

Strafford, in 1641.

England, from the Accession of Charles I. to the 1629 The dispute between the king and parliament,

Assassination of the Duke of Buckingham, in

concerning the duty of tonnage and poundage re

1628.

newed

75

The commons grant it only for a year .......... 75

The commons, by their excessive parsimony, disap-Charles enraged at their rigour

.... 76

point the expectations and break the confidence He dissolves the parliament, with a firm resolution

of the young king...

65

never to call another, unless he should discern a

The causes of that parsimony

65 niore compliant disposition in the nation .....

76

The popular party in parliament determine to re- The commons behave with great firmness...... 76

trench the royal prerogative

65 Bold remonstrance voted ...

76

They are jealous of the ambitious views of Buck- The most active leaders of opposition ordered to he

ingham, who governed the king with an absolute taken into custody

76

ascendant, and grasped the whole powers of ad- 1630 Peace with France and Spain ..

ministration ...

66 The causes and consequences of the jealousy be-

Their parsimony appears highly criminal to tween the king and parliament traced......

77

Charles...

66 The commons saw themselves regarded in the light

He dissolves the parliament, and endeavours to of layers of taxes...

77

raise money by other means..

67 The royal authority too high in ecclesiastical mat.

Popular dissensions, occasioned by the failure of an ters

77

expedition against Cadiz

67 Charles induced, by his fondness for his queen, to

1626 The king's necessities oblige him to assemble procure impolitic indulgences for the Catho-

the parliament....

67

The commons vote a scanty supply, and proceed to Laud, archbishop of Canterbury, presses upon the

the redressing of grievances ....

67

puritans, and introduces into the church, with the

They impeach the duke of Buckingham........ 67 consent of the king, many superstitious cere-

Charles rashly resolves to support his minister.. 67 monieg...

77

Two of the members, appointed to conduct the im. The genius of his religion differed little from that

peachment, sent to the tower

67

of Rome, to which it was considered as a pre-

The commons petition that Buckingham may be Jude ..

78
removed from his majesty's person and coun. A specimen of his ceremonies .......

78

cils.......

68 He and his followers, in return for royal favour, en-

Substance of that petition considered, and the deavour to cxalt the authority of the crown.. 79

merits of the dispute between the king and par. By these flatteries, and his original prepossessions,

liament discussed.

... 68 Charles is led to consider himself as vested with

The king pays no regard to the prayer of the com- absolute powers to provide for the happiness of

mons...

68

bis people, both in spiritual and temporal con-

He involves himself, in the opinion of the nation,

sics ..

..... 77

Page

Page

........ 95

... 97

Dublin .......

... 86

......... 99

The king's veneration for the ecclesiastical or- Execution of Strafford ..

.......... 93
der.........

82 His noble deportment on that occasion ......... 93
He attempis to introduce episcopacy into Scot. His character..

93

land...

82 Courts of High Commission and Star Chamber

A popular tumult at Edinburgh on that account 82 abolished..

..... 94

Charles remains inflexible in his purpose of changing Scots sent home, and the English army dis-

the established religion of Scotland ..

83 solved....

......... 94

People of all ranks and conditions join in a petition Charles goes down 10 Scotland, in order to settle the

against the liturgy .

83

government of that kingdom

94

1636 And, on their prayer being refused, they enter

into a civil and religious convention, known by

LETTER V.

the name of the CoveNANT ................. 83 Great Britain and Ireland, from the Execution of

The nature of that convention ...

83

The king makes various concessions, but refuses to

Strafford, to the Beginning of the Grand Re-

abolish episcopacy ...

84

bellion, in 1642

The Scots treat his advances with disdain, and per- Encroachments of the Scottish parliament on the

sist in maintaining the covenant..

84

royal prerogative

......... 94

He empowers the marquis of Hamilton to submit Settlement of Scotland...

35

the disputed points to the general assembly of the Retrospective view of the affairs of Ireland .... 95

church and to the parliament

84 Rise of the rebellion in that kingdom....

1639 Episcopacy is abolished by an act of the gene- Cruel massacre of the Protestants.

96

ral assembly, and with it all the religious innova- Horrid circumstances with which it was accom-

tious introduced by James and Charles....... 84 panied ...

97

The Scottish malecontents see the necessity of main- English Catholics join the Irish

taming their religious opinions by military force, The remains of the Protestants take refuge in

and take their measures for that purpose with

98

equal vigour and concert

84 The king imprudently commits to the English par-

The king puts himself at the head of his army, and liament the suppression of the Irish rebellion: 98

prepares to compel their obedience.

85 The commons take no effectual step for that pur-

They prudenty crave leave to negotiate.. 85 pose; but, under pretence of so doing, provide

Charles concludes a conditional pacification with themselves with arms to be employed against their

them, and disbands his army ......

85 sovereign ............

...... 98

The covenanters keep theirs in readiness....... 85 They frame a remonstrance, in which all the un-

They again take the field, and march towards the popular measures of Charles's reign are enume-

borders of England

rated and exaggerated......

99

1640 The king's necessities oblige him to assemble The king publishes an answer to it....

99

the English parliament, after an intermission of The commons manifest, by new usurpations, their
eleven years...

86 purpose of subverting both the church and mo-

The cominons refuse to vote any supplies, until they narchy.....

shall have taken into consideration the redress of Form a party among the lords

100

grievances..

86 The bishops, and such of the peers as adhere to the

The king dissolves the parliament

86 crown, insulted by the populace............. 100

He is enabled to collect and maintain his army by Rise of the party names of ROUNDHEADS and Ca-

loans from his ministers and courtiers.... 86 VALIERS, with the character of the parties they

Advanced body of the English forces routed by the were designed to mark ...

100

covenanters at Newburi upon Tyne...... 86 The bishops sequestered from parliament...... 101

Whole English army seized with a panic, and re- 1642 The king orders his attorney-general to enter

treats into Yorkshire ........

...... 86 an accusation of high-treason against lord Kim-

The covenanters take possession of Newcastle, and bolton and five commoners....

renew their protestations of loyalty and sub- Imprudence of that measure. ........... 101

mission

.... 86 A sergeant-at-arms sent to the house of commong

The king again agrees to negotiate with them... 87 to demand the five accused members........ 101

English and Scottish commissioners appointed for They are not delivered up
that purpose

87 Charles goes in person to the house of commons, in

Cessation of arms .....

87 hopes of surprising them....

102

Meeting of the long parliament ........ 87 Having received private intelligence of his purpose,

Impeachment of the earl of Strafford...

they had withdrawn..

102

Impeachment of archbishop Laud, the lord-keeper Share and embarrassment of the king on that oc-

Finch, and secretary Windebank

88 casion...

102

The commons pass many extraordinary votes... 88 The accused members take refuge in the city.. 102

They politically delay the departure of the Scottish Affected fears of the commons and citizens.... 102

army..

88 The king endeavours to remove those fears, by

Chiefly inclined to the presbyterian worship, they going without his guards to Guildhall... 102

make many furious attacks upon the established the accused members conducted to Westminster, in

religion...

89 a kind of triumph, by the city militia. 102

Bring in a bill prohibiting clergyman to exercise any Charles seeks to appease the commons by the most

civil office....

89 humble submissions....

103

The king, alarmed at this bill, sends for the two They refuse to accept of any concessions for the

bouses of parliament to Whitehall

.......... 89

breach of privilege of which he had been guilty,

His speech on that occasion.................... 89 unless he will discover his advisers ......... 103

The bill rejected by the peers ....

90 He rejects the condition with disdain

103

Another framed for the total abolition of episco- The popular members inflame the public discon-

paey ..........

90 tents.....

103

Act passed to prevent the discontinuance of parlia- Petitions for redress of grievances presented to par-
ments more than three years...

90 liament by all orders of men in the state .... 103
Another declaring it unlawful for the king to levy Petitions in favour of the church or monarchy dis-

lonnage and poundage without consent of parlia- countenanced, and their abeltors imprisoned and
mneni..

prosecuted as delinquents ...

104
1641 Trial of Strafford.

.......... 90 The peers and commoners attached to the court de-
His able and eloquent defence .........

91 terred from attending their duty in parliament 104
Intimidated by the threats of the populace, the The republican party acquire a majority in both
peers pass the bill of attainder.....

92

houses .....
The king, after a violent mental struggle, gives his They place governors devoted to their interest in all
nosent to it....

93

the principal seaports in the kingdom ....... 104

..... 101

.... 101

...... 87

........ 90

..... 104