1774, he wrote a short discourse, called The Patriot; not with any visible application to Mr. Wilkes; but to teach the people to reject the leaders of opposition, who called themselves patriots. In 1775 he undertook a pamphlet of more importance, namely, Taxation no Tyranny, in answer to the Resolutions and Address of the American Congress. The scope of the argument was, that distant colonies, which had in their assemblies a legislature of their own, were, notwithstanding, liable to be taxed in a British Parliament, where they had neither peers in one house, nor representatives in the other. He was of opinion, that this country was strong enough to enforce obedience. "When an Englishman," he says, "is told that the Americans shoot up like the hydra, he naturally considers how the hydra was destroyed." The event has shown how much he and the minister of that day were mistaken.

him from the natives of Scotland. Being a cordial well-wisher to the constitution in Church and State, he did not think that Calvin and John Knox were proper founders of a national religion. He made, however, a wide distinction hetween the Dissenters of Scotland and the Separatists of England. To the former he imputed no disaffection, no want of loyalty. Their soldiers and their officers had shed their blood with zeal and courage in the service of Great Britain; and the people, he used to say, were content with their own established modes of worship, without wishing, in the present age, to give any disturbance to the Church of England. This he was at all times ready to admit; and therefore declared, that whenever he found a Scotchman to whom an Englishman was as a Scotchman, that Scotchman should be as an Englishman to him. In this, surely, there was no rancour, no malevolence. The Dissenters on The Account of the Tour to the Western this side the Tweed appeared to him in a dif Islands of Scotland, which was undertaken in ferent light. Their religion, he frequently said, the autumn of 1773, in company with Mr. Bos- was too worldly, too political, too restless and well, was not published till some time in the ambitious. The doctrine of cashiering kings, year 1775. This book has been variously re- and erecting on the ruins of the constitution a ceived; by some extolled for the elegance of the new form of government, which lately issued narrative, and the depth of observation on life from their pulpits, he always thought was, under and manners; by others, as much condemned, a calm disguise, the principle that lay lurking in as a work of avowed hostility to the Scotch na- their hearts. He knew that a wild democracy tion. The praise was, beyond all question, had overturned Kings, Lords, and Commons; fairly deserved; and the censure, on due exami- and that a set of Republican Fanatics, who nation, will appear hasty and ill-founded. That would not bow at the name of Jesus, had taken Johnson entertained some prejudices against the possession of all the livings and all the parishes Scotch, must not be dissembled. It is true, as in the kingdom. That those scenes of horror Mr. Boswell says, "that he thought their suc- might never be renewed, was the ardent wish cess in England exceeded their proportion of of Dr. Johnson; and though he apprehended real merit, and he could not but see in them that no danger from Scotland, it is probable that his nationality which no liberal-minded Scotsman dislike of Calvinism mingled sometimes with will deny." The author of these memoirs well his reflections on the natives of that country. remembers, that Johnson one day asked him, The association of ideas could not be easily "Have you observed the difference between broken; but it is well known that he loved and your own country impudence and Scotch im- respected many gentlemen from that part of the pudence?" The answer being in the negative: island. Dr. Robertson's History of Scotland, "Then I will tell you," said Johnson. "The and Dr. Beattie's Essays, were subjects of his impudence of an Irishman is the impudence of constant praise. Mr. Boswell, Dr. Rose of a fly, that buzzes about you, and you put it Chiswick, Andrew Millar, Mr. Hamilton, the away, but it returns again, and flutters and printer, and the late Mr. Strahan, were among teazes you. The impudence of a Scotsman is his most intimate friends. Many others might the impudence of a leech, that fixes, and sucks be added to the list. He scorned to enter Scotyour blood." Upon another occasion, this land as a spy; though Hawkins, his biographer, writer went with him into the shop of Davis the and the professing defender of his fame, allowbookseller, in Russel-street, Covent-garden. ed himself leave to represent him in that ignoDavis came running to him almost out of breath ble character. He went into Scotland, to survey with joy: "The Scots gentleman is come, Sir; men and manners. Antiquities, fossils, and his principal wish is to see you; he is now in minerals, were not within his province. He the back-parlour." 'Well, well, I'll see the did not visit that country to settle the station of gentleman," said Johnson. He walked towards Roman camps, or the spot where Galgacus the room. Mr. Boswell was the person. This fought the last battle for public liberty. The writer followed with no small curiosity. “I people, their customs, and the progress of literafind," said Mr. Boswell, "that I am come to ture were his objects. The civilities which he London at a bad time, when great popular pre-received in the course of his tour have been rejudice has gone forth against us North Britons; but when I am talking to you, I am talking to a large and liberal mind, and you know that I cannot help coming from Scotland." "Sir," said Johnson, "no more can the rest of your countrymen."*

66

paid with grateful acknowledgment, and generally, with great elegance of expression. His crime is, that he found the country bare of trees, and he has stated the fact. This, Mr. Boswell, in his Tour to the Hebrides, has told us, was resented by his countrymen with anger inflamed to rancour; but he admits that there are few trees on the east side of Scotland. Mr. Pennant, in his Tour, says, that in some parts of the eastern different from the above. See his Life of Johnson, vol. i. side of the country, he saw several large plantap. 360, 8vo. Edit. 1804 tions of pine planted by gentlemen near their

He had other reasons that helped to alienate

*Mr. Roswell's account of this introduction is very

seats; and in this respect such a laudable spirit prevails, that, in another half century it never shall be said, "To spy the nakedness of the land are you come." Johnson could not wait for that half century, and therefore mentioned things as he found them. If in any thing he has been mistaken, he has made a fair apology in the last | paragraph of his book, avowing with candour, "That he may have been surprised by modes of life, and appearances of nature, that are familiar to men of wider survey, and more varied conversation. Novelty and ignorance must always be reciprocal; and he is conscious that his thoughts on national manners are the thoughts of one who has seen but little."

ker, what can a man do?" We come now to the last of his literary labours. At the request of the Booksellers he undertook the Lives of the Poets. The first publication was in 1779, and the whole was completed in 1781. In a memorandum of that year he says, some time in March he finished the Lives of the Poets, which he wrote in his usual way, dilatorily and hastily, unwilling to work, yet working with vigour and haste. In another place, he hopes they are written in such a manner as may tend to the promotion of piety. That the history of so many men, who, in their different degrees, made themselves conspicuous in their time, was not written recently after their deaths, seems to be The Poems of Ossian made a part of John- an omission that does no honour to the Republic son's inquiry during his residence in Scotland of Letters. Their contemporaries in general and the Hebrides. On his return to England, looked on with calm indifference, and suffered November, 1773, a storm seemed to be gathering Wit and Genius to vanish out of the world in over his head; but the cloud never burst, and total silence, unregarded, and unlamented. Was the thunder never fell.-Ossian, it is well known, there no friend to pay the tribute of a tear? No was presented to the public as a translation just observer of life, to record the virtues of the from the Earse; but that this was a fraud, John- deceased? Was even Envy silent? It seemed to son declared without hesitation. "The Earse," have been agreed, that if an author's works surhe says, 66 was always oral only, and never a vived, the history of the man was to give no written language. The Welsh and the Irish moral lesson to after ages. If tradition told us were more cultivated. In Earse there was not that Ben Johnson went to the Devil Tavern; in the world a single manuscript a hundred that Shakspeare stole deer, and held the stirrup years old. Martin, who in the last century pub- at playhouse doors; that Dryden frequented lished an Account of the Western Islands, men- Button's Coffee-house; curiosity was lulled tions Irish, but never Earse manuscripts, to be asleep, and biography forgot the best part of her found in the islands in his time. The bards function, which is to instruct mankind by excould not read; if they could, they might proba- amples taken from the school of life. This task bly have written. But the bard was a barbarian remained for Dr. Johnson, when years had rollamong barbarians, and, knowing nothing him- ed away; when the channels of information self, lived with others that knew no more. If were, for the most part, choked up, and little there is a manuscript from which the transla- remained besides doubtful anecdote, uncertain tion was made, in what age was it written, and tradition, and vague report. where is it? If it was collected from oral recitation, it could only be in detached parts and scattered fragments; the whole is too long to be remembered. Who put it together in its present form?" For these and such like reasons, Johnson calls the whole an imposture. He adds, "The editor, or author, never could show the original, nor can it be shown by any other. To revenge reasonable incredulity, by refusing evidence, is a degree of insolence with which the world is not yet acquainted; and stubborn audacity is the last refuge of guilt." This reasoning carries with it great weight. It roused the resentment of Mr. Macpherson. He sent a threatening letter to the author; and Johnson answered him in the rough phrase of stern defiance. The two heroes frowned at a distance, but never came to action.

"Nunc situs informis premit et deserta Vetustas.

The value of Biography has been better understood in other ages, and in other countries. Tacitus informs us, that to record the lives and characters of illustrious men was the practice of the Roman authors, in the early periods of the Republic. In France the example has been followed. Fontenelle, D'Alembert, and Monsieur Thomas have left models in this kind of composition. They have embalmed the dead. But it is true, that they had incitements and advantages, even at a distant day, which could not, by any diligence, be obtained by Dr. Johnson. The wits of France had ample materials. They lived in a nation of critics, who had at heart the honour done to their country by their Poets, In the year 1777, the misfortunes of Dr. Dodd their Heroes, and their Philosophers. They excited his compassion. He wrote a speech for had, besides, an Academy of Belles-Lettres, where that unhappy man, when called up to receive Genius was cultivated, refined, and encouraged. judgment of death; besides two petitions, one They had the tracts, the essays, and dissertato the King, and another to the Queen: and a tions, which remain in the memoirs of the Acasermon to be preached by Dodd to the convicts demy, and they had the speeches of the several in Newgate. It may appear trifling to add, that members, delivered at their first admission to a about the same time he wrote a prologue to the seat in that learned Assembly. In those speechcomedy of "A Word to the Wise," written by es the new Academician did ample justice to Hugh Kelly. The play, some years before, had the memory of his predecessor; and though his been damned by a party on the first night. It harangue was decorated with the colours of elowas revived for the benefit of the author's wi- quence, and was, for that reason, called panedow. Mrs. Piozzi relates, that when Johnson gyric, yet being pronounced before qualified was rallied for these exertions, so close to one judges, who knew the talents, the conduct and another, his answer was, "When they come to morals of the deceased, the speaker could not, me with a dying Parson, and a dead Stay-ma- | with propriety, wander into the regions of fic

ened by an association with others of distinguished ability. It may, therefore, be inferred, that an Academy of Literature would be an establishment highly useful, and an honour to Literature. In such an institution profitable places would not be wanted. Vatis avarus haud facile est animus; and the minister, who shall find leisure from party and factiou to carry such a scheme into execution, will, in all probability, be respected by posterity as the Mæcenas of letters.

of my hopes and pleasures. About five, I think, on Wednesday morning he expired. I felt almost the last flutter of his pulse, and looked for the last time upon the face, that, for fifteen years before, had never been turned upon me but with respect and benignity. Farewell! may God, that delighteth in mercy, have had mercy on thee! I had constantly prayed for him before his death. The decease of him, from whose friendship I had obtained many opportunities of amusement, and to whom I turned my thoughts as to a refuge from misfortunes, has left me heavy. But my business is with myself." From the close of his last work, the malady that persecuted him through life, came upon him with alarming severity, and his constitution declined apace. In 1782 his old friend Levet expired without warning, and without a groan. Events

tion. The truth was known, before it was adorned. The Academy saw the marble before the artist polished it. But this country has had no Academy of Literature. The public mind, for centuries, has been engrossed by party and faction; by the madness of many for the gain of a few; by civil wars, religious dissensions, trade and commerce, and the arts of accumulating wealth. Amidst such attentions, who can wonder that cold praise has been often the only reward of merit? In this country Doctor Nathaniel Hodges, who, like the good bishop of Marseilles, We now take leave of Dr. Johnson as an audrew purer breath amidst the contagion of the thor. Four volumes of his Lives of the Poets plague in London, and, during the whole time, were published in 1778, and the work was comcontinued in the city, administering medical as-pleted in 1781. Should Biography fall again sistance, was suffered, as Johnson used to re-into disuse, there will not always be a Johnson late with tears in his eyes, to die for debt in a to look back through a century, and give a body gaol. In this country, the man who brought of critical and moral instruction. In April 1781, the New River to London was ruined by that he lost his friend Mr. Thrale. His own words, noble project; and in this country, Otway died in his diary, will best tell that melancholy event. for want on Tower Hill; Butler, the great author "On Wednesday the 11th of April, was buried of Hudibras, whose name can only die with the my dear friend Mr. Thrale, who died on WedEnglish language, was left to languish in pover-nesday the 4th, and with him were buried many ty, the particulars of his life almost unknown, and scarce a vestige of him left except his immortal poem. Had there been an Academy of Literature, the lives, at least, of those celebrated persons would have been written for the benefit of posterity. Swift, it seems, had the idea of such an institution, and proposed it to Lord Oxford; but Whig and Tory were more important objects. It is needless to dissemble that Dr. Johnson, in the Life of Roscommon, talks of the inutility of such a project. "In this country," he says, "an academy could be expected to do but little. If an Academician's place were profitable, it would be given by interest; if attendance were gratuitous, it would be rarely paid, and no man would endure the least disgust. Unanimity is impossible, and debate would separate the assembly." To this it may be sufficient to answer, that the Royal Society has not been dis-like these reminded Johnson of his own morsolved by sullen disgust; and the modern Aca- tality. He continued his visits to Mrs. Thrale demy at Somerset House has already performed at Streatham, to the 7th day of October 1782, much, and promises more. Unanimity is not when having first composed a prayer for the necessary to such an assembly. On the contra- happiness of a family with whom he had for ry, by difference of opinions, and collision of many years enjoyed the pleasures and comforts sentiment, the cause of literature would thrive of life, he removed to his own house in town. and flourish. The true principles of criticism, He says he was up early in the morning, and the secret of fine writing, the investigation of read fortuitously in the Gospel, which was his antiquities, and other interesting subjects, might parting use of the library. The merit of the faoccasion a clash of opinion; but in that conten-mily is manifested by the sense he had of it, and tion, Truth would receive illustration, and the essays of the several members would supply the memoirs of the Academy. "But," says Dr. Johnson, "suppose the philological decree made and promulgated, what would be its authority? In absolute government there is sometimes a general reverence paid to all that has the sanction of power, the countenance of greatness. How little this is the state of our country needs not be told. The edicts of an English Academy would probably be read by many, only that they may be sure to disobey them. The present manners of the nation would deride authority, and therefore nothing is left, but that every writer should criticise himself." This surely is not conclusive. It is by the standard of the best writers that every man settles for himself his plan of legitimate composition; and since the authority of superior genius is acknowledged, that authority, which the individual obtains, would not be less

we see his heart overflowing with gratitude. He leaves the place with regret, and casts a lingering look behind.

The few remaining occurrences may be soon despatched. In the month of June, 1783, Johnson had a paralytic stroke, which affected his speech only. He wrote to Dr. Taylor of Westminster; and to his friend Mr. Allen, the printer, who lived at the next door. Dr. Brocklesby arrived in a short time, and by his care, and that of Dr. Heberden, Johnson soon recovered. During his illness the writer of this narrative visited him, and found him reading Dr. Watson's Chymistry. Articulating with difficulty, he said, "From this book he who knows nothing may learn a great deal; and he who knows, will be pleased to find his knowledge recalled to his mind in a manner highly pleasing." In the month of August he set out for Litchfield on a visit to Mrs. Lucy Porter, the

daughter of his wife by her first husband; and, some appearance of health, Johnson went into in his way back paid his respects to Dr. Adams at Oxford. Mrs. Williams died at his house in Bolt Court, in the month of September, during his absence. This was another shock to a mind like his, ever agitated by the thoughts of futurity. The contemplation of his own approaching end was constantly before his eyes; and the pros-dinarian, and it was not then known that he had pect of death, he declared, was terrible. For many years, when he was not disposed to enter into the conversation going forward, whoever sat near his chair, might hear him repeating from Shakspeare,

Ay, but to die, and go we know not where;
To lie in cold obstruction and to rot;
This sensible warm motion to become
A kneaded clod, and the delighted spirit
To bathe in fiery floods-

And from Milton,

Who would lose,
For fear of pain, this intellectual being?

By the death of Mrs. Williams he was left in a state of destitution, with nobody but Frank, his black servant, to soothe his anxious moments. In November 1783, he was swelled from head to foot with a dropsy. Dr. Brocklesby, with that benevolence with which he always assists his friends, paid his visits with assiduity. The medicines prescribed were so efficacious, that in a few days Johnson, while he was offering up his prayers was suddenly obliged to rise, and, in the course of the day, discharged twenty pints of water.

Derbyshire, and thence to Litchfield. While he
was in that part of the world, his friends in town
were labouring for his benefit. The air of a
more southern climate they thought might pro-
long a valuable life. But a pension of £300 a
year was a slender fund for a travelling valetu-
saved a moderate sum of money. Mr. Boswell
and Sir Joshua Reynolds undertook to solicit
the patronage of the Chancellor. With Lord
Thurlow, while he was at the bar, Johnson was
well acquainted. He was often heard to say,
"Thurlow is a man of such vigour of mind, that
I never knew I was to meet him, but-I was go-
ing to say,
I was afraid, but that would not be
true, for I never was afraid of any man; but I
never knew that I was to meet Thurlow, but I
knew I had something to encounter." The
Chancellor undertook to recommend Johnson's

case; but without success. To protract if pos-
sible the days of a man whom he respected, he
offered to advance the sum of five hundred
Johnson wrote the following letter:
pounds. Being informed of this at Litchfield,

"My Lord,

of mankind, the generosity of your Lordship's "After a long and not inattentive observation offer raises in me not less wonder than gratitude. Bounty, so liberally bestowed, I should gladly receive if my condition made it necessary; for to such a mind who would not be proud to restore me to so great a measure of health, that own his obligations? But it has pleased God to Johnson, being eased of his dropsy, began to destined to do good, I could not escape from if I should now appropriate so much of a fortune entertain hopes that the vigour of his constitu- myself the charge of advancing a false claim. tion was not entirely broken. For the sake of My journey to the continent, though I once conversing with his friends, he established a thought it necessary, was never much encouconversation club, to meet on every Wednesday raged by my physicians; and I was very desirous evening; and to serve a man whom he had that your Lordship should be told it by Sir Joshua known in Mr. Thrale's household for many Reynolds as an event very uncertain; for if I years, the place was fixed at his house in Essex-grew much better, I should not be willing; if street, near the Temple. To answer the malig- much worse, I should not be able to migrate. nant remarks of Sir John Hawkins on this sub- Your Lordship was first solicited without my ject, were a wretched waste of time. Profess- knowledge; but when I was told that you were ing to be Johnson's friend, that biographer has pleased to honour me with your patronage, I did raised more objections to his character, than all not expect to hear of a refusal; yet, as I have the enemies to that excellent man. Sir John had no long time to brood hopes, and have not had a root of bitterness that put rancours in the rioted in imaginary opulence, this cold reception vessel of his peace. Fielding, he says, was the has been scarce a disappointment; and from inventor of a cant phrase, Goodness of heart, your Lordship's kindness I have received a bewhich means little more than the virtue of a horse nefit which only men like you are able to beor a dog. He should have known that kind af-stow. I shall now live mihi carior, with a higher fections are the essence of virtue: they are the opinion of my own merit. will of God implanted in our nature, to aid and strengthen moral obligation; they incite to action; a sense of benevolence is no less necessary than a sense of duty. Good affections are an ornament not only to an author, but to his writings. He who shows himself upon a cold scent for opportunities to bark and snarl throughout a volume of six hundred pages, may, if he will, pretend to moralize; but Goodness of Heart, or, to use that politer phrase, the virtue of a horse or a dog, would redound more to his honour. But Sir John is no more: our business It seems, however, that greatness of mind is is with Johnson. The members of his club not confined to greatness of rank. Dr. Brockwere respectable for their rank, their talents, lesby was not content to assist with his medical and their literature. They attended with punc-art; he resolved to minister to his patient's mind, tuality till about Midsummer 1784, when, with and pluck from his memory the sorrow which the

I am, my Lord,

Your Lordship's most obliged, most grateful, and most humble servant, SAMUEL JOHNSON. "Sept. 1784."

We have in this instance the exertion of two congenial minds: one, with a generous impulse relieving merit in distress; and the other, by gratitude and dignity of sentiment, rising to an equal elevation.

"Your most humble servant,
SAM. JOHNSON."

late refusal from a high quarter might occasion. | of literary intelligence in Mr. Swinton's own To enable him to visit the south of France in hand, or to deposit it in the Museum,* that the pursuit of health, he offered from his own funds veracity of this account may never be doubted. an annuity of one hundred pounds, payable "I am, Sir, quarterly. This was a sweet oblivious antidote, but it was not accepted for the reasons assigned to the Chancellor. The proposal, however, will do honour to Dr. Brocklesby, as long as liberal sentiment shall be ranked among the social virtues.

Dec. 6, 1784.

Mr. Swinton.

The History of the Carthaginians, Numidians, Mauritinians, Gætulians, Garamantes, Melano-Gætulians, Nigrita, Cyrenaica, Marmarica, Regio Syrtica, Turks, Tartars, and Moguls, Indians, Chinese, Dissertation on the peopling of America, Dissertation on the Independency of the Arabs.

The Cosmogony, and a small part of the history
immediately following. By M. Sale.

To the Birth of Abraham. Chiefly by Mr.
Shelvock.

In the month of October, 1784, we find Dr. Johnson corresponding with Mr. Nichols, the intelligent compiler of the Gentleman's Magazine, and, in the languor of sickness, still desirous to contribute all in his power to the advancement of science and useful knowledge. He says, in a letter to that gentleman, dated Litchfield, October 20, that he should be glad to give so skilful a lover of antiquities any information. He adds, "At Ashburne, where I had very little company, I had the luck to borrow Mr. Bowyer's Life, a book so full of contemporary history, that a literary man must find some of his old friends. I thought that I could now and then have told you some hints worth your notice: We perhaps may talk a life over. I hope we shall be much together. You must now be to me what you were before, and what dear Mr.quested to see Mr. Nichols. A few days before, Allen was besides. He was taken unexpectedly away, but I think he was a very good man. I have made very little progress in recovery. I am very weak, and very sleepless; but I live on and hope."

History of the Jews, Gauls, and Spaniards. By
Mr. Psalmanazar.
Xenophon's Retreat. By the same.
History of the Persians, and the Constantino-
politan Empire. By Dr. Campbell.
History of the Romans. By Mr. Bower.t

On the morning of Dec. 7, Dr. Johnson re

he had borrowed some of the early volumes of the Magazine, with a professed intention to point out the pieces which he had written in that collection. The books lay on the table, with many leaves doubled down, and in partiIn that languid condition he arrived, on the ticular those which contained his share in the 16th of November, at his house in Bolt Court, Parliamentary Debates. Such was the goodthere to end his days. He laboured with the ness of Johnson's heart, that he then declared, dropsy and an asthma. He was attended by that "those debates were the only parts of his Dr. Heberden, Dr. Warren, Dr. Brocklesby, writings which gave him any compunction: Dr. Butter, and Mr. Cruikshank, the eminent but that at the time he wrote them he had no surgeon. Eternity presented to his mind an conception that he was imposing upon the awful prospect, and, with as much virtue as per- world, though they were frequently written haps ever is the lot of man, he shuddered at the from very slender materials, and often from thought of his dissolution. His friends awak-none at all, the mere coinage of his own imaened the comfortable reflection of a well-spent gination." He added, "that he never wrote life; and, as his end drew near, they had the any part of his work with equal velocity. satisfaction of seeing him composed, and even Three columns of the Magazine in an hour," cheerful, insomuch that he was able, in the he said, "was no uncommon effort; which was course of his restless nights, to make transla-faster than most persons could have transcribed tions of Greek epigrams from the Anthologia; that quantity. In one day in particular, and and to compose a Latin epitaph for his father, his mother, and his brother Nathaniel. He meditated, at the same time, a Latin inscription to the memory of Garrick; but his vigour was exhausted.

that not a very long one, he wrote twelve pages, more in quantity than ever he wrote at any other time, except in the Life of Savage, of which forty-eight pages in octavo were the production of one long day, including a part of the night.”

In the course of the conversation he asked, whether any of the family of Faden the printer, were living. Being told that the geographer near Charing-Cross was Faden's son, he said, after a short pause, "I borrowed a guinea of his father near thirty years ago; be so good as to take this, and pay it for me."

* It is there deposited. J. N.

Before this authentic communication, Mr. Nichols had

given, in the volume of the Gentleman's Magazine for
1781, p. 370, the following account of the Universal His-
and the authors of the first seven volumes were,
tory. The proposals were published October 6, 1729;

Vol. I. Mr. Sale, translator of the Koran -II. George

Psalmanazar.-III. George Psalmanazar, Archibald Bower, Captain Shelvock, Dr. Campbell-IV. The same as vol. III.-V. Mr. Bower.-VI. Mr. Bower, Rev. John Swinton.-VII. Mr. Swinton, Mr. Bower