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of New Holland, so called by the French expedition of discovery, fitted out in 1801. It is, in a great measure, surrounded by coral reefs, which render the approach very dangerous. The vegetation is almost confined to a species of cyprus, the roots of which cover the ground. Here is a beautiful species of kangaroo; and some lizards were discovered between four and five feet in length. The island is situated in the twentyfifth degree of south latitude.

construed into a want of respect. Besides this, he declared his conviction of the philosophic triumph of Newton, against whom his father had contended all his life. In 1740 Mr. Bernouilli divided the prize, On the Tides of the Sea, with Euler and M'Laurin. In 1738 he succeeded his father in the Academy of Sciences, and was himself succeeded by his brother John; this place, since its first erection, i. e. eighty-four years, never having been without a Bernouilli to BERNINI (John Laurence), called cavaliero fill it. He was extremely respected at Basil; Bernini, a Neapolitan, famous for his skill in and to bow to Daniel Bernouilli, when they met painting, sculpture, architecture, and mechanics. him in the streets, is said long to have been the He resided chiefly at Rome, and first began to first lesson which every father gave his children. be known under pope Paul V. who died in 1621, He used to mention two adventures, which he his successor, Gregory XV. conferred on him said had given him more pleasure than all the the honor of knighthood. Urban VIII. employed other honors he had received. He was travelling him in decorating the church of St. Peter, and with a learned stranger, who, being pleased with other public works; and Rome was indebted to his conversation, asked his name: 'I am Daniel him for some of its greatest ornaments. He Bernouilli,' answered he, with great modesty ; executed three busts of Charles I. of England, And I,' said the stranger (who thought he meant from a picture by Vandyck; on viewing which, to laugh at him), am Isaac Newton.' Another he is said to have observed, that it was the most time he was giving a dinner to the famous Koeunfortunate looking face he ever beheld.' In nig the mathematician, who boasted, with a consequence of the pressing invitation of Louis sufficient degree of self-complacency, of a diffiXV. he visited Paris, though then about sixty- cult problem he had resolved with much trouble. eight years of age; and after making a bust of Bernouilli went on doing the honors of his table; that monarch, returned to Rome, where he died and, when they went to drink coffee, presented in 1680, aged eighty-two. him with a solution of his problem, more elegant than his own. He died in 1782.

BERNO, abbot of Richenou, in the diocese of Constance, who flourished about A.D. 1008, is celebrated as a poet, orator, musician, philosopher, and divine. He was the author of several treatises on music, particularly De Instrumentis Musicalibus, De Mensura Monochordi, &c. But the most celebrated of his works is a treatise De Musica, seu Tonis, which he wrote and dedicated to Pelegrinus, archbishop of Cologne. He was highly favored by the emperor Henry II. and succeeded so well in his endeavours to promote learning, that his abbey of Richenou was as famous in his time, as those of St. Gaul and Cluni, then the most celebrated in France. He died in 1048, and was interred in the church of his monastery, which he had dedicated to St. Mark.

BERNOUILLI, or BERNOULLI (Daniel), the son of John Bernouilli, a celebrated physician and philosopher, was born in Groningen, February 9th 1700. He was intended for trade, but his genius quickly led him into different pursuits. He passed some time in Italy, and at twenty-four refused to be president of an academy meant to have been established at Genoa. He spent several years at St. Petersburgh with great credit; and in 1733 returned to Basil, where he successively filled the chair of physic, and of natural and speculative philosophy. In his first work, Exercitationes Mathematicæ, he took the only title he then had; viz. 'Son of John Bernouilli,' and never would suffer any other to be added to it. This work appeared in Italy with the great inquisitor's privilege added to it, and it classed Bernouilli in the rank of inventors. He now gained or divided nine prizes, from the Academy of Sciences,which were contended for by the most illustrious mathematicians in Europe. His first prize he gained at twentyfour years of age. In 1734 he divided one with his father, which the latter is said to have

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BERNOUILLI (James), a celebrated mathematician, born at Basil, the 27th of December 1645. Having taken his degrees in the university of Basil, he applied himself to divinity, not so much from inclination as complaisance to his father. He gave, however, very early proofs of his genius for mathematics, and soon became a geometrician, without any assistance from masters, and at first almost without books; for he was not allowed to have any of this kind and if one fell by chance into his hands, he was obliged to conceal it. This severity made him choose for his device, Phæton driving the chariot of the sun, with these words, Invito patre sidera verso, I traverse the stars against my father's inclination.' In 1656 he began his travels. When he was at Geneva, he fell upon a method to teach a young girl to write, though she had lost her sight when she was but two months old. Bourdeaux he composed universal gnomonic tables, but they were never published. He returned from France to his own country in 1680. About this time there appeared a comet, the return of which he foretold; and wrote a small treatise upon it, which he afterwards translated into Latin. He went soon after to Holland, where he studied the new philosophy. After having visited Flanders and Brabant, he came to England. Here he contracted an acquaintance with the most eminent scientific men of the day; and had the honor of being frequently present at the philosophical conferences held at the house of Mr. Boyle. He returned to Basil in 1682; and gave a course of lectures in natural philosophy and mechanics. In 1682 he published his Essay of a New System of Comets, and the year following, his Dissertation on the Weight of Air. Leibnitz, about this time, having published in the Acta Eruditorum at Leipsic, some heads of

his rew Calculus Differentialis, or Infinimens petits, Bernouilli, and one of his brothers, discovered at once the beauty and extent of it, and unravelled its profoundest problems with such success, that Mr. Leibnitz declared the invention belonged to them as much as to himself. In 1687, the professorship of mathematics at Basil being vacant, James Bernouilli was appointed to it, and discharged his trust with such universal applause, that a great number of foreigners attended his lectures. In 1699 he was admitted, as a foreign member, into the Academy of Sciences at Paris; and in 1701 he received the same honor from that of Berlin. He wrote several pieces in the Acta Eruditorum of Leipsic, the Journal des Sçavans, and the Histoire de l'Academie des Sciences. But nis assiduous application to his studies brought on the gout, and by degrees a slow fever, of which he died, Aug. 16th, 1705, aged fifty-eight. He appointed that a spiral logarithmical curve should be inscribed upon his tomb, with the words, Eadem mutata

resurgo.

BERNOUILLI (James), the son of John Bernouilli, grandson of John, and nephew of Daniel, was born at Basil in October 1759, and was educated for the law. But at twenty years of age he read public lectures on experimental philosophy in the university of Basil, for his uncle Daniel. Being disappointed of succeeding him, he accepted the office of secretary to count Breuner, the emperor's envoy to the republic of Venice; and remained in this city till 1786, when, on the recommendation of his countryman, M. Fuss, he was invited to succeed M. Lexell in the academy of St. Petersburgh, where he continued till his death, the 3d of July 1789. He had, at this time, been married only two months, to the youngest daughter of John Albert, the son of the celebrated Leonard Euler.

BERNOUILLI (John), the brother of James, and also a celebrated mathematician, was born at Basil the 7th of August, 1667. He labored with his brother to discover the method used by Leibnitz, in his Essays on the Differential Calculus, and gave the first principles of the Integral Calculus. Our author also, with Messrs. Huygens and Leibnitz, was the first who gave the solution of the problem proposed by James Bernouilli, concerning the catenary, or curve formed by a chain suspended by its two extremities. John Bernouilli had the degree of doctor of physic at Basil, and two years afterwards was named professor of mathematics in the university of Groningen. It was here that he discovered the mercurial phosphorus or luminous barometer; and resolved the problem proposed by his brother concerning Isoperimetricals. On the death of his brother James, the Academic Senate of Basil appointed him to succeed him, without assembling competitors; an appointment which he held during his whole life. In 1714 was published his Treatise on the Management of Ships; and in 1730 his memoir on the Elliptical Figure of the Planets gained the prize of the Academy of Sciences. The same academy also divided the prize, for the question concerning the inclination of the planetary orbits, between our author and his son Daniel. John Bernouilli was

a member of most of the academies of Europe, and received as a foreign associate of that of Paris in 1699. After a long life spent in the constant study and improvement of all the branches of the mathematics, he died on the 1st of January 1748, in the eighty-first year of his age. Of five sons which he had, three pursued the same sciences with himself. One of these died before him; but the two others, Nicholas and Daniel, he lived to see become eminent and much respected. The writings of this great man were dispersed through numerous periodical memoirs of the learned academies of Europe, as well as in many separate treatises: and the whole of them were carefully collected and published at Lausanne and Geneva, 1742, in four volumes, quarto.

BE ROBBED. Be and rob. See ROB. BEROLINENSIS, in entomology, a species. of cantharis; color, black; antennæ, and wingcases yellowish, with black tips; legs ferruginous. Also a species of curculio; color, whitish, varied beneath; thorax black, sides variegated; two undulated black bands on the wing-cases. Also a species of cryptocephalus, crioceris. The head and thorax are scarlet and glossy; wingcases and eyes black; legs fulvous; a native of Prussia.

BEROE, or BERCA, in ancient geography, a town of Syria; it has been the tradition for some ages, that it is the modern Aleppo. It is called Chalep in Nicetas, Nicephorus, and Zonaras.

BEROEA. See BEREA.

BEROOT, or BAIROUT. See BAIROUT.

BEROSUS, priest of the temple of Belus at Babylon, in the time of Ptolemy Philadelphus, wrote the history of Chaldea, which is often cited by the ancients, and of which Josephus gives some curious fragments. The Athenians, according to Pliny, caused his statue with a golden tongue, to be placed in their Gymnasium. BABYLONICS.

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BEROTH, or BEROTHAI, a city of Syria, supposed to be the same with Chun, which was conquered by David, and from which he carried off a great deal of brass. Some reckon it the same with Berytus. See 2 Sam. viii. 8, and 1 Chron. xviii. 8.

BERQUARIA, or BERQUERIA. See BER-CARIA, and BERICARIA.

BERQUIN (Lewis de, lord of Berquin), a French Protestant martyr, was a native of Artois, and for some time king's counsellor to Francis I. He published a book against the monks, which engaged him in a controversy with William Quernus, one of the most violent inquisitors of his time, and at last subjected him to a prosecution for heresy. The articles of accusation were chiefly drawn from his writings; but upon trial he was acquitted. His accusers alleged, that the royal influence saved him on this occasion. On a second trial the decision was that his books should be burnt, and himself along with them, unless he should retract and make submission. But Francis I. returning from Spain, wrote to the parliament to be cautious how they proceeded in the affair against his counsellor. Accordingly Berquin was soon after liberated; and, contrary to the advice of his friend Erasmus, commenced

a prosecution for irreligion against his accusers. The issue now was, that he was sentenced to make a public recantation; which he, with the greatest heroism, refusing, he was condemned as an obstinate heretic, to be strangled on the Grève, and afterwards burnt. This cruel death he suffered at Paris, A.D. 1529; being then about forty years of age.

BERQUIN (Arnauld), a celebrated French author, born at Bourdeaux in 1749. His Idylls, abounding in good sense and sweetness, spread his reputation as an ingenious and agreeable writer; and quickly passed through several editions. The work, however, which has given the greatest celebrity to his name, is his Ami des Enfans, the Children's Friend, in 6 vols. 12mo. It has gone through many editions, and been translated into English and other languages. Berquin died in 1791.

BERRA, in old records, a plain open heath. BERRE, a lake of France, in the department of the mouths of the Rhone, and ci-devant province of Provence.

BERRE, a strong town of France, situated on the above lake. It is remarkable for the quantity and goodness of the salt made in it, but the air is unwholesome. It was taken by the duke of Savoy, after a long siege, in 1591, during the wars of the league; and though all the rest of the province submitted to Henry IV. he could not drive the Savoyards from Berre, till it was given up in 1598, in consequence of the treaty of Vervins. It lies thirteen miles south-west of Aix.

BERRETINI DA CORTONA (Peter), painter of history and landscape, was born at Cortona in 1596, and was a disciple either of Commodi or Ciarpa, or both. He went young to Rome, and studied the antiques, the works of Raphael, Buonarotti, and Polidoro; by which he highly improved his taste. He worked with remarkable freedom; his figures are admirably grouped; his distribution is truly elegant, and the chiaroscuro judiciously observed. Through his whole compositions there appears uncommon grace, particularly in making the airs of his heads always agreeable. His coloring in fresco is far superior to what he peformed in oil. By the best judges it is agreed that he must be allowed to have been the most agreeable mannerist that any age has produced. He died in 1669. Some of his most capital works are in the Barberini palace at Rome, and the Palazza Pitti at Flo

rence.

BERRETONI (Nicholas), history painter, was born at Macerata in 1617, and became a disciple of Carlo Maratti, with whom he attained such excellence, that he excited the envy of his master. His early works, after he quitted the school of Maratti, were in the style of Guido; and they could not have a higher encomium. He died in 1682.

BERRIMAN (Dr. William), was the son of Mr. John Berriman, apothecary in London, where he was born in 1688. He studied at Oriel College, Oxford, where he took his degrees, and became lecturer of Allhallows, in Thames Street, and St. Michael's, Queenhithe. In 1720 he was appointed chaplain to Dr. Robinson, bishop

of London, who collated him to the living of St. Andrew's Undershaft; and in 1727 he was elected fellow of Eton College. He died in 1750, aged sixty-two. He wrote, 1. A seasonable view of Whiston's Account of Primitive Doxologies. 2. An Historical Account of the Trinitarian Controversy, in eight sermons, at Lady Moyer's lecture. 3. Brief Remarks on Mr. Chandler's Introduction to the History of the Inquisition. 4. Sermons at Boyle's lectures, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. Christian Doctrines and Duties explained and recommended, in 2 vols. 8vo. ; and other works.

BERRY, v. & n. Sax. benig, from bean to bear. Any small fruit, with many seeds or small

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BERRY (Sir John), a brave English naval officer, was born at Knowston in Devonshire, in 1635. He received the honor of knighthood for his gallant conduct at the battle of Southwold Bay, In 1682 he was captain of the Gloucester frigate, in which he was conveying the duke of York to Scotland, but either by the inattention or unskilfulness of the pilot, the ship was lost at the mouth of the Humber. Berry, however, by his uncommon presence of mind, saved the Duke, for which he was advanced to a flag. He commanded under lord Dartmouth at the demolition of Tangier; and on his return was made a commissioner of the navy, which he held with his other appointments after the Revolution. He was poisoned on board his ship, lying at Portsmouth, in 1691.

BERRY, or BERRI, a former province and duchy of France, bounded on the south by La Marche, on the west by Touraine and Poitou, on the north by the Blaisois, Sologne, the Orleannois Proper, and the Gatinois, and on the east by the Nivernois and the Bourbonnois. It is fertile in timber, corn, and wine. The wool is much esteemed, and large and fine pastures abound here: considerable quantities of cloth are also made in the province. The Cher divides the province into Upper and Lower Berry; the former being on its east, and the latter on its west bank. It is also now divided into the departments of Cher and Indre, the capital of the one being Bourges, and that of the other Chateauroux. Since the

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eign of king John, Berri has given a title to one of the royal family of France.

BERRY ISLANDS, a cluster of small islands among the Bahamas, to the north-west of New Providence, and upon the south side of the channel communicating with the Florida stream. Long. 79° 10′ W., lat. 25° 28′ N.

BERS, in ancient medicine, an electuary used by the Egyptians to excite delirium.

BERSA, in old law, a bound, compass, or fence.

BERSARII, in writers of the middle age, a kind of hunters, who pursued wild beasts. The word seems derived from the barbarous Latin bersare, to shoot with a bow; on which supposition it should denote archers only. Or it might be derived from bersa, the fence of a park; in which view, it should import those who hunt in parks or forests. Hincmar speaks of inferior officers in the court of Charlemagne, denominated bersarii, veltrarii, and bevarii. Spelman takes the first to denote those who hunted the wolf; the second those who had the superintendency of the hounds for that use; and the third those who hunted the beaver.

BERSATRIX, in old records, a rocker of young children in a cradle.

BERSCHETE, a sea-port town of Istria, on the coast of the Adriatic. It stands on a high rock, about twelve miles south of Fiume, and is noted for its trade in wine and oil. Lat. 45° 27′ N., and long. 14° 35′ E.

BERSE, in botany, the name given by French writers to the sphondylium, or cow parsnip, a species of umbelliferous plants common in our meadows, and known by its large rough leaves and remarkable height.

BERTHEAU (Charles), a French protestant divine, born in 1610, at Montpelier, where his father, Charles Bertheau, was minister. He studied in France and Holland, and was admitted minister at Vigan, in 1681, when only twenty-one years of age. In 1682 he was chosen pastor of the church in Montpelier, and soon after promoted to that of Paris. But the revocation of the edict of Nantz drove him, and thousands more, to seek shelter from persecution in our land of liberty. He came to England in 1685, and in 1686 was called to the Walloon church, in London, where he discharged his pastoral duties for about forty-four years, with much applause. He died, December 25th 1732, having previously published Discourses on the Catechism, and two volumes of Sermons.

BERTHIER (Alexander), prince of Neufchatel, in the reign of Napoleon. We first hear of him when Duphot was killed in a popular tumult at Rome; Berthier was then despatched thither by the French Directory, and entering the city on the 10th of February, 1798, dissolved the papal government. On the 15th he proclaimed the Roman Republic, and sent pope Pius VI. a prisoner to France, where he died. In 1800 Berthier commanded in Italy, and gained a complete victory over the Austrians, at Montebello. He afterwards served in the unfortunate expedition to St. Domingo. He was finally rewarded with the rank of marshal; made duke of Neufchatel in 1806; and in 1809

prince of Wagram and Neufchatel. He executed some important trusts under Napoleon, and was with him at the period of his first abdication in 1814; a short time subsequent to the completion of which, Berthier was killed by falling, or being thrown, from a window into the

street.

BERTHIER (Victor Leopold), a brother of the preceding, rose to the rank of general of division in the French service, and was distinguished at the battle of Austerlitz, and the taking of Lubeck. He died at Paris in 1807.

BERTHING, in sea language, denotes the raising or bringing up of ship sides. Thus they say, a clincher has her sides berthed up before any beam is put into her.

BERTHINSECK, an old feudal law, by which a man was not to be hanged for stealing a sheep or a calf, that he could carry away in a sack on his back; but only whipped.

BERTHOLLET (Claude Louis), a modern French chemist, was a native of Talloire, in Savoy. He studied medicine at Turin, and took a doctor's degree; after which he practiced at Paris, and obtained the appointment of physician to the duke of Orleans. His earlier researches in chemistry led him to consider the composition of ammonia, the combinations of azote, and the na ture of what Sir Humphrey Davy has called chlorine, or oxygenated muriatic acid. He was admitted a member of the Academy of Sciences in 1780, and supplied to it some valuable contributions. In 1792 he was nominated a member of the committee on coinage; and, in 1794, of the committee on agriculture and the arts. He was also made professor of chemistry in the Polytechnic school; and nominated a learned member of the National Institute. His name was inscribed first on the list. In 1796 he was sent by the French authorities into Italy, to select objects of art and science to be transferred to Paris. In 1798 Buonaparte took Berthollet with him to Egypt, and on returning as he did with that general to Europe, he was appointed a member of the conservative senate under the consular government. On the restoration of Louis XVIII. in 1814, Berthollet was nominated a member of the chamber of Peers, with the title of count; and as he did not take his seat in the chamber during the hundred days of Buonaparte's second reign, he retained his rights and dignity on the second restoration of the Bourbons. He had long fixed his residence at the village of Arcueil, near Paris, where he associated a body of scientific students, who aided him in his experimental investigations: and here he died after a short illness in 1822, aged seventy-four. The separate works of Berthollet are-Observations sur l' Air, 1776; Precis d'un Théorie sur la Nature de l'Acier, sur ses préparations, &c. 1789; Elémens de l'Art de la Teinture, first published in 1 vol. 8vo, and enlarged to 2 vols. 1804; Description du Blanchiment des Toiles, 1795; Recherches sur les Loix d' Affinité, 1801; Essai de Statique Chimique, 1803, 2 vols. 8vo. Most of which have been translated into English.

BERTHOLON (N. de St. Lazare), was born at Lyons, and received the rudiments of his education at St. Lazare, which he quitted for Mont

pelier, where he became professor of medicine and philosophy. He was subsequently called to fill the historical chair in the central school of Lyons, where he continued till his death in 1799. His works are treatises On the Electricity of the Human Body in a Healthy and in a Diseased State; one entitled De l'Electricité des Vegetaux, in 8vo; and another, De l' Electricité des Meteores. An Essay on the Method of ascertaining the period at which Wine in a state of fermentation has acquired its greatest strength; another on the Means most conducive to the Prosperity of the manufacturing interest at Lyons; Theorie des Incendies, 4to; Preuves de l'efficacité des Paratonneres, 4to; Des Avantages que la Physique et les Arts peuvent retirer des rostats, 8vo; De l'eau la plus propre à la Vegetation, in 4to, &c. &c. He was also the discoverer of several ingenious inventions; and first introduced lightning conductors, on Franklin's principle, into France.

BERTHOUD, a county and bailiage of six parishes in the canton of Bern, Switzerland, nine miles north-east of Bern. There are some baths here, much frequented.

BERTHOUD (Ferdinand), a celebrated French mathematician, was born in the county of Neufchatel in 1727. His father's profession was that of architect, and the son was intended for the church, but, having shown a taste for mechanical contrivances, an experienced workman was obtained to instruct him in clock-making; and he was afterwards sent to Paris to improve in that art. He settled in Paris in 1745, and applied himself to the making of chronometers. By order of the French government, a voyage was made from La Rochelle to the West Indies and Newfoundland, for the express purpose of trying the chronometers of Berthoud, when it was found that they gave the longitude with only a quarter of a degree of longitude of error, after a cruize of six weeks. Satisfactory results were also obtained from his chronometers in the expedition of Verdun, Borda, and Pingré, which was appointed to try them, together with those of Le Roy. Berthoud finally became chronometer-maker to the Admiralty, and member of the French Institute and Legion of Honor; and, being regular in his habits of life, retained the use of his faculties to the last. He died, of hydrothorax, at his country-house, in the Valley of Montmorency, in 1807, at the age of eighty. His principal published works are-Essai sur l'Horlogerie, 1786, 2 vols. in 4to; two Tracts on Chronometers, 1773; De la Mesure du Temps, 1787, in 4to; Les Longitudes par la Mesure du Temps, 1775, in 4to; a Tract on Chronometers, 1782, in 4to; Histoire de la Mesure du Temps par les Horloges, 1802, 2 vols. in 4to; l'Art de Conduire et de Régler les Pendules, et les Montres, 1760, in 12mo. In this last tract popular directions are given for regulating clocks and watches.

BERTIE, a populous and fertile county of Edenton district, North Carolina. It is bounded on the east by Albemarle sound, on the northeast by Hartford county, on the north by Northampton, on the north-west by Halifax, and on the south and south-west by Roanoke River, which divides it from Martin and Tyrrel coun

ties. The lands in this county are low and fertile. The chief town is Windsor.

BERTIERIA, in botany, a genus of plants: class, pentandria; order, monogynia. COR. four-cleft: STIG. bilamellate; berry, two-celled, and many seeded. Species, one: a shrub with downy branches, and white, panicled, terminal flowers; a native of Guiana.

BERTINERO, a town of Romagna in Italy, with a strong citadel. It is the see of a bishop; and seated on a hill.

BERTIOGA, a sea-port of Brasil, five leagues south of St. Sebastian, with an excellent harbour. The inhabitants are very enterprising in the whale fishery; but the climate is often overpowering to Europeans.

BERTIUS (Peter), professor of philosophy at Leyden, was born in Flanders in 1565. He lost his professorship for taking part with the Arminians, upon which he went to Paris; where, in 1620, he abjured the protestant religion, and was made Cosmographer to the king, and royal Professor of Mathematics. He died in 1626, aged ninety-four. He published, 1. Commentaria in Rerum Germanicorum; in 12mo: 2. A good edition of Ptolemy's Geography, in Greek and Latin; folio: 3. De Aggeribus et Pontibus: 4. Introductio in Universam Geographiam; besides several tracts.

BERTRAM (Cornelius Bonaventure), a native of Tours in Poitou, was born, 1531, of a respectable family. He became professor of Hebrew at Geneva, Lausanne, and Frankendal, and in 1588 corrected Calvin's version of the Old Testament. He was also the author of a treatise on the Jewish republic, Geneva, 1580, and Leyden, 1641; Lucubrationes Frankendalenses, 1585; and a parallel between the Hebrew and Syriac languages; besides which, he superintended the publication of a new edition of Pagnin's Thesaurus. He died at Lausanne in 1594.

BERTRAM (Philip Ernest), was a native of Zerbst, born 1726. He became professor of the law at Halle, and published a history of Anhalt in 8vo; a continuation of that of Spain by Herrera, 4to; and a Treatise on the History of Learning, 4to; and died in 1777.

A monk of this name, but more generally known by that of Ratramnus, belonged to the abbey of Corbie, in the ninth century. He wrote against Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims, on the subject of predestination; and his treatise, comprised in two books, is to be found in the Vindicia Predestinationis. He also wrote a work against transubstantiation (two editions of which have since been published; the one in 12mo, 1686, in Latin and French; the other in English, printed at Dublin, 1753), and another on the miraculous conception.

BERVIE, or BERVY, a royal burgh and parish of Scotland, in Kincardineshire, seated on the mouth of a river of that name. Its charter was granted in 1342, by king David II.; who, in returning from England, was forced by stress of weather, to land here, where he met with the utmost attention. It has a weekly market, and fairs in May and September. It appears to have been formerly a fishing station; but the fisher

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