Page images
PDF
EPUB

linen, laces, jewellery, clocks and watches, and several metallic articles. In the silk manufactories, the number of looms is above 2000, employing in all nearly 3000 workmen, and working silk to the value of about £400,000 a-year; of this nearly one-fourth is exported. This city was taken October 9, 1760, by an army of Russians, Austrians, Saxons, &c. who totally destroyed the magazines, arsenals, and foundries, and seized an immense quantity of military stores, and a number of cannon and arms. Berlin again suffered the fate of a captured city, after the battle of Jena, in 1806. It is forty-two miles north-west of Frankfort on the Oder, ninety north of Dresden, and 300 north by west of Vienna. Long. 13° 31′ E., lat. 52° 32 N.

BERLIN, a flourishing town of York county, Pennsylvania; situated on the south-west side of Conewago creek, at the confluence of a small stream. It is thirteen miles west of York-town, and 101 west of Philadelphia.

BERLIN, a thriving town of Somerset county, Pennsylvania; situated on a branch of Stony creek, which empties into Conemaugh river, on the west side of Allegany mountain. It is thirty miles west by south of Bedford, and 240 west of Philadelphia.

BERLINS, though named from the preceding city, are said by some to be the invention of the Italians, and the word to be derived from berlina. The berlin is a very convenient machine to travel in, being lighter, and less apt to be overturned than a chariot. The body is hung high, on shafts, by leather braces; and, instead of side windows, some have screens to let down in bad and draw up in good weather.

BERLINA, a name given in Italy to a sort of stage whereon criminals are exposed to public shame.

BERLUCCIO, in ornithology, the name of a small bird of the bortulanus kind, and much resembling the yellow-hammer, but something smaller, and longer-bodied.

BERMUDA HUNDRED, a port of entry, and post-town of Virginia. It is situated in Chesterfield county, on the west side of James river, a few miles above the junction of the Appomattox, and about nineteen direct below Richmond. It is 315 miles south-west by south of Philadelphia.

BERMUDAS, or the SUMMER, or SOMER'S ISLANDS, a cluster of islands in the Atlantic Ocean, lying almost in the form of a shepherd's crook, in long. 64° 0′ W., lat. 32° 20′ N. between 200 and 300 leagues distant from the nearest place of the continent of America, or any of the other West India Islands. The whole number of the Bermudas is said to be about 400, but very few of them are habitable. The principal is St. George's, which is not above sixteen miles long, and three at most in breadth. St. George's town is at the bottom of the principal haven; and is defended by four forts, which command the entrance. The town has a handsome church, a library, and a good town-house, where the governor, council, &c. assemble. It is universally agreed that the climate of this and the other Bermudas has undergone a surprising alteration for the worse since they were first discovered;

the air being much more inclement, and the soil more barren, than formerly. This is ascribed to the cutting down those fine spreading cedars, for which the islands were famous, and which sheltered them from the blasts of the north wind at the same time that it protected the undergrowth of the delicate plants. In short, the Summer Islands are now far from being desirable spots and their natural productions are but just sufficient for the support of the inhabitants. The cultivated districts are appropriated to the growth of Indian corn, pulse, fruits, and vegetables. The first yields two crops a year, one harvest being in July, and the other in December. In 1785 the growth of cotton was attempted, but with no great success, there not being more than 200 acres appropriated to it. At first tobacco was raised upon these islands; but being of a worse quality than that growing on the continent, the trade is now almost closed. Large quantities of ambergris were also originally found upon the coasts, and afforded a valuable commerce; but that trade is also reduced, as well as their whale trade. The Bermudas, however, might still produce some valuable commodities, were they properly cultivated. About three or four feet below the surface, a chalky stone is found which is easily chisseled, and is exported for building houses in the West Indies. Their palmetto leaves, if properly manufactured, might turn to excellent account in making hats and their oranges are still valuable. The soil is also said to be excellent for the cultivation of vines. The chief resource of the inhabitants for subsistence is in the remains of their cedar wood, of which they fabricate small sloops, with the assistance of the New England pine, and sell them in the American ports. Their turtle trade is also of value; they rear a great variety of tame fowl, and have wild ones in vast plenty. The red wood peculiar to these islands, feeds worms, which change to flies, a little larger than cochineal, instead of which they are used. Another plant peculiar to them is a kind of creeping darnel, whose root is most powerfully emetic. likewise abound upon the coast. Among the insects, the spider is remarkable for its size, and its beautiful colors diminish the disgust it inspires: Its web is in color and substance a perfect raw silk, and running from tree to tree, small birds are sometimes so entangled in it, as hardly to be able to escape. No species whatever of venomous animals are found here. All the attempts to establish a regular whale fishery on these islands have hitherto proved unsuccessful. The water, except that which falls from the clouds, is brackish; and the same diseases reign here as in the Carribee Islands. They have seldom any snow, or even much rain; but when it does fall, it is with great violence, and the north or northeast winds render the air very cold. The storms come with the new moon: and if there is a halo or circle about it, it is a sure sign of a tempest, which is generally attended with dreadful thunder and lightning. There are but two places on the large island where a ship can safely come near the shore, and these are so well covered with high rocks, that few will choose to enter it without a pilot; a vessel of ten tons burden can

Fish

[blocks in formation]

The north point of these islands lies in lat. 32° 34' N., long. 63° 28′ W.

John Bermudas, a Spaniard, is commonly said to have discovered these islands in 1527; others attribute the discovery to Henry May, an Englishman, who was shipwrecked upon St. George's. Shortly after, the deputy governors of Virginia were also wrecked here, and built each of them a new ship of the cedar they found, in which they sailed to Virginia. On their arrival, that colony was in such distress, that lord Delawar, upon the report which his deputy governors made him of the plenty they found at Bermudas, despatched Sir George Summers to bring provisions from thence to Virginia. Sir George, after a tedious voyage, reached the place of his destination, where soon after his arrival, he died, and the sailors he had left departed in their cedar ship for England. Two sailors, Carter and Waters, being apprehensive of punishment for their crimes, had secreted themselves, however, when Sir George was first wrecked upon the island, and had ever since lived upon the natural productions of the soil. Upon the second arrival of Sir George, they enticed one Chard to remain with them: but, differing about the sovereignty of the island, Chard and Waters were on the point of cutting one another's throats, when they were prevented by the prudence of Carter. Soon after they found a piece of ambergris weighing about eighty pounds, besides smaller pieces, which in those days were sufficient, if properly disposed of, to have made each of them master of a fortune. They, therefore, came to the resolution of transporting themselves, and it, in an open boat to Virginia or Newfoundland. In the mean time, the Virginia Company claimed the property of the Bermudas islands; and sold it accordingly to 120 persons of their own society, who obtained a charter from king James. This New Bermudas Company, as it was called, now fitted out a ship with sixty planters on board to settle on the Bermudas, under the command of Richard Moor. The new colony arrived upon the island just at the time the sailors were about to depart with their ambergris; which Moor having discovered, he immediately seized and disposed of it for the benefit of the company.

So valuable a booty gave them abundant spirits, and the adventurers settled themselves upon St. George's island, where they raised cabins. Moor, we are told, built eight or nine forts or rather blockhouses, and planned out the town of St. George as it now stands. The fame of this settlement awakened the jealousy of the Spaniards, they appeared off St. George's with some vessels; but being fired upon from the forts, sheered off; though the English at that time were so ill provided for a defence, that they had scarcely a barrel of gunpowder on the island. During Moor's government, the Bermudas were so infested with rats, which had been imported into them by the English ships, that they even covered the ground, and had nests in the trees. This calamity lasted five years, and at last suddenly ceased. Moor was succeeded by a Captain Daniel Tucker, who improved upon all his predecessor's schemes, and particularly for the culture of tobacco. In 1619 Captain Tucker resigned his government to Captain Butler. By this time the high character which the Summer Islands bore in England rendered it fashionable for men of the highest rank to encourage their settlement; and several of the first nobility of England purchased plantations here. Captain Butler brought over with him 500 passengers, who became planters on the islands, and raised a monument to the memory of Sir George Summers. The island now contained about 1000 whites, and Captain Butler applied himself to give it a new form of government by introducing an assembly: the government till this time being administered only in the name of the governor and council. A body of laws was likewise drawn up. We shortly after read of 3000 English being settled in the Bermudas, and several persons of distinction had the curiosity to visit them from England. Among these came Waller the poet, who has celebrated this spot in one of his poems, as the most delightful place in the world. The accounts given of the serenity of the climate, induced the ingenious bishop Berkeley to form a plan for founding a college there, for the purpose of propagating Christianity among the American Indians. In 1725 he published a proposal of this kind in London, which after some time was approved by the government, and subsequently brought into the House of Commons by Sir Robert Walpole. A charter was ultimately granted by his Majesty for the establishment of a college, to be called St. Paul's College, in Bermudas, to consist of a president and nine fellows, who were bound to maintain and educate the children of American Indians at £10 a year each. To promote this philanthropic purpose, the parliament passed a vote for £20,000. In 1728 Berkeley sailed to America to carry his intentions into effect; but after he had been kept waiting there for some time, the money was not paid, and the scheme was relinquished.

BERN, or BERNE, a canton of Switzerland, which holds the second rank in the diet; although it is by far the largest, containing, before the late revolutions, almost one-third of the whole country. Its present boundaries are Uri, Underwalden, and Lucerne on the east; Aargau and Solothurn

on the north; the Jura mountains, Fribourg, and Vaud on the west, and Valais on the south. It was increased in 1815 by the greater part of the bishopric of Bale, and the town and territory of Bienne; but had previously lost, in 1798, more than a fourth of its former extent, the two new cantons of Aargau and Vaud (including the bailiages of Peterlingen and Avenche) being erected out of it. The portion left is divided into the five districts of Bern (the town), the Oberland, the Landgericht, the Emmenthal, and the Seeland, each of which is subdivided into thirteen tribes or corporations. The large council now consists of 195 members, who are chosen by these corporations, and form the legislature of the canton, a committee of which bears the name of the small council, and has at its head two magistrates, possessed of the executive power. The great council assembles for only three weeks in the half year; the other is permanent. The established religion is Calvinism, nearly the same with that of the church of Scotland. The ministers are divided into deaneries and classes, and hold yearly chapters and synods. They are kept in a greater dependence on the civil power here than in the other cantons, and none suffered to interfere in matters of state; but religious discipline is here very strict. The canton is divided into twenty-four upper bailiwics, and comprehends 3872 square miles, and 215,000 inhabitants. The southern boundary, viz. that on the side of the Valais, consists of a chain of very high mountains; towards the north the country begins gradually to flatten, and is in many places highly productive in fruit, vines, and corn. Of the last of these articles, however, the total quantity yielded is not sufficient to supply the domestic consumption. In the mountainous parts the principal object of attention is the breeding of cattle and horses, the export of which, as well as of cheese, is very extensive. Salt is found in a few places. Accounts are kept in batzen and kreutzers: a piece of ten batzen is also called a frank, and is worth forty-four Rhenish kreutzers, or about 15d. sterling.

Bern joined the Swiss confederacy in 1353, and enjoyed, from its size and political importance, the next place among the cantons, to Zurich. The legislative power was vested in the great council of 299; the executive was in the hands of the small or daily council of twenty-seven, chosen out of the former. This canton, at an early period of the Reformation, withdrew from the church of Rome, and by secularising the revenues of its numerous and opulent ecclesiastical establishments, materially enriched the public treasury. The change of faith was probably attended by few excesses, as many ancient monastic buildings remain. An aristocratic spirit, however, gradually prevailed in the constitution, and in 1764 a law was passed, by which 243 patrician families were declared the only persons eligible to seats in the council, and consequently to offices of trust or distinction. This step excited great clamor, particularly among the inhabitants of the Pays de Vaud, who considered themselves treated as a conquered people; and on the entry of the French in 1798, the aristocratic party was overthrown, and a new constitu

tion framed. Buonaparte erected the Pays de Vaud into an independent state, thus depriving Bern of the most profitable portion of its territory; and the congress at Vienna, in 1815, when it professed to bestow on it an equivalent in the Evêché, confirmed the disruption of the Pays de Vaud. What remains of this canton, however, is unrivalled in its scenic attractions. In Oberland the range of the Alps is fully as magnificent, and perhaps bolder in its outline than that of Chamouni; the verdure and the foliage are enchantingly rich, and the cascades are both numerous and beautiful. At Breintz the Giesback has seven successive falls; and the Staubback is thrown down above 900 feet of perpendicular descent. At Hindelbank, about seven miles from Berne, is a chef d'œuvre of Nahl, the monument of Mad. de Langhans, which the traveller should also notice: nor, if objects of philanthropy have charms for him, will he omit to visit the well ordered seminary of Professor Fellenberg at Hofwyl, whose system of education, both for the poor and wealthy, is admired throughout Europe. The buildings which were only finished in 1822, are more considerable in extent than those of almost any other public institution in Swisserland. The prevailing language is German, but the higher orders speak French. The whole area is now calculated at 3872 square miles, and the population at 232,000. The chief manufacture is linen, of which 10,000 bales are exported annually by way of Lyons, silk goods, stockings; and clocks and watches are also made in the town. Hides, horses, cattle, cotton cloth, and cheese are also exported.

BERN, a city of Switzerland, and capital of the preceeding canton, is situated upon a peninsula formed by the Aar. It is said that the taking of a bear by Berchtold V., Duke of Zæringhen, on the day on which the foundation of this city was laid, gave occasion to its name; hence it is often in Latin called Arctopolis, i. e. the city of the bear, and has a bear for its coat of arms. Near the Neufchatel gate are always kept a number of bears, in two enclosures, with trees for them to ascend and play upon. The houses are mostly built of white free-stone, and in the principal streets, have piazzas or arches under them. Most of the streets are paved with flints, and traversed by a canal lined with stone, which is brought from a considerable distance. The city is large, standing almost in the middle of the canton, and containing several churches, of which one is called the Great Church, and its first minister the dean, who is the head of the city clergy. From an inscription near the door of this church, it appears that the first stone of it was laid in 1421. It is a fine gothic edifice. In this city is also a college, a large public library, and a museum; a guildhall; a well stored arsenal; and several hospitals. In the arsenal is a wooden statue of the famous William Tell. On the east side of the city is a handsome stone bridge; and near the great church a very fine platform, several hundred feet in height, which makes a most delightful walk.

Bern stands 1700 feet above the level of the lake of Geneva, from which city it is seventy

five miles distant; and fifty from Basle and Zurich. Population 12,900.

The BERN MACHINE is an engine for rooting up trees, invented by Peter Sommer, a native of Bern in Switzerland. There is nothing in the construction of this machine which entitles it to a particular description. The contrivances for tearing up trees that exhibit ingenuity or originality of construction, will be found under TREES. See on this subject also Young's Natural Philosophy, vol. ii. P. 199.

BERNACLE, in ornithology, a species of goose. See ANAS and BARNACLE.

BERNARD (Dr. Edward), a learned astronomer, linguist, and critic, was born at Perry St. Paul, on the 2d of May, 1638, and educated at Oxford, where he became, in 1669, Savilian professor of astronomy. His principal works are: 1. Tables of the Longitudes and Latitudes of the Fixed Stars. 2. De Mensuris et Ponderibus Antiquis Libri Tres, 8vo. Oxon. 1688. 3. Orbis eruditi Literatura à Charactere Samaritico deducta, printed at Oxford, from a copperplate, on one side of a broad sheet of paper, presenting at one view the alphabets of different nations. 4. Etymologicum Britannicum, &c. printed at the end of Dr. Hick's Grammatica Anglo-Saxonica, &c. 4to. Oxon. 1689. 5. Chronologiæ Samaritanæ Synopsis, in two tables, besides notes on part of Stephanus Byzantinus; and on Cotelerius' edition of the ancient fathers. BERNARD (St.), the first abbot of Clairvaux, was born A. D. 1091, in the village of Fontaine, in Burgundy. He acquired so great a reputation by his zeal and abilities, that all the affairs of the church appeared to rest upon his shoulders, and kings and princes seemed to have chosen him for a general arbitrator of their differences. It was owing to him that Innocent II. was acknowledged sovereign pontiff; and after the death of Peter Leonis, anti-pope, that Victor, who had been named successor, made a voluntary abdication of his dignity. He convicted Abelard at the council of Sens, in 1140. He opposed the monk Raoul; he persecuted the followers of Arnold of Brescia; and in 1148 he obtained the condemnation of Gilbert de la Poreé, bishop of Poitiers, and Eon de l'Etoile, at the council of Rheims. Bayle says he thus verified his mother's dream, that she should bring forth a white dog, whose barking should be very loud! He preached up the crusade under Louis VII. and when complaint was made that he had brought an infinite number of Christians to slaughter, without going out of his own country, he said that the sins of the Croises had hindered the effect of his prophecies. He is said to have founded 160 monasteries, and to have wrought a great number of miracles. He died August 20th, 1153, aged sixty-three. The best edition of his works is that of 1690, by father Mabillon.

BERNARD (Sir Thomas), a modern scholar and philanthropist, was the son of Sir Francis Bernard, formerly governor of New Jersey, and afterwards of Massachusett's Bay. He was educated at Harvard College, in New England, after which he came to this country, and studied the law at Lincoln's Inn. He was called to the bar in 1780, but practised only as a conveyancer.

Appointed treasurer to the Foundling Hospital in 1795, he greatly improved the estates belonging to that charity; and he was the principal projector and supporter of the Society for Bettering the Condition of the Poor. Sir Thomas likewise displayed a considerable taste in the fine arts, and was active in the establishment of the Royal Institution and the British Gallery. In 1809 he succeeded to the title of baronet, and was soon afterwards made doctor of civil law at Oxford. He was also chancellor of the see of Durham. His publications chiefly relate to the management or instruction of the poor; except a work entitled Spurina, or the Comforts of Oid Age, 8vo. which exhibits considerable learning. He died at Leamington Spa, in Warwickshire, in 1818, aged sixty-seven.

BERNARD CASTLE, a market town in the parish of Gainsford, Darlington Ward, Durham, 2461 miles north from London, on the banks of the river Tees. It was originally built by Bernard Baliol, great grandfather to John Baliol, king of Scotland. The castle, belonging to the earl of Darlington, is of great antiquity. The principal street is spacious, and nearly three-fourths of a mile long, and the houses neat. The markethouse is an open structure of fine free-stone, covered with slate, and surrounded by an octagonal colonnade; and here is held one of the greatest corn-markets in the north of England. About two miles from this place a sulphurous water springs from a rock in the bed of the river Tees. This town was formerly famous for the manufactory of white leathern breeches, and for tammies or Scotch camlets: in the manufacture of which, a number of weavers are yet employed. Here is an ancient hospital, founded by John Baliol. Here are four annual fairs, and a market on Wednesday.

BERNARD (St.), THE GREAT, in geography, a mountain of Switzerland, in the Valais, on the frontiers of Piedmont, fifteen miles N.N.W. of Aosta. It has long been celebrated for its romantic and picturesque scenery, and is always visited by travellers. Hannibal has been supposed to have conducted the Carthaginian army by this pass into Italy; and it was by the same route that Buonaparte led his troops to the plains of Lombardy before the battle of Marengo. The summit of this mountain is about 11,000 feet above the level of the sea; the highest pass is about 8000 feet. Here a monastery has been for nearly nine centuries devoted to the accommodation of all travellers who choose to stay to refresh themselves; and they and their horses are most hospitably entertained gratis for three days. When the weather is bad, the monks and their servants, assisted by a peculiar breed of dogs, traverse all parts of the mountains in search of travellers who have lost their way. When every trace of road has been defaced by a fall of snow, the dogs will point out the path to the guides; and even when the traveller has been overwhelmed, and lies sunk beneath the snowy mass, these animals will frequently discover him. The revolutions of Europe, we greatly regret to add, have deprived this noble establishment of the greatest part of its possessions, so that contributions for its support are

now thankfully received by the fraternity. The summit, Velan, is in lat. 45° 48′ N. and long. 7° 2' E.

BERNARD (Little St.), is to the south-west of the Great St. Bernard, on the opposite side of Mont Blanc. It forms a part of the ancient Alpes Graiæ. The pass lies over this into Savoy; the summit is 7200 feet from the level of the

sea.

BERNARD'S TOWN, a town of New Jersey, in Somerset county. Also a township of Massachusett's, in Hampshire county, 110 miles from Boston.

BERNARDINE (St.), was born at Massa, in Tuscany, in 1380. In 1404 he entered into a Franciscan monastery near Sienna, where he became a famous preacher, and was afterwards sent to Jerusalem as commissary of the Holy Land. On his return to Italy, he preached with such applause, that the cities of Ferrara, Sienna, and Urbino, desired pope Eugenius IV. to appoint him their bishop: but Bernardine refused the honor, accepting only the office of vicar-ge

neral of the friars of the Observance for all Italy. He repaired and founded above 300 monasteries in that country; died in 1444; and was canonised in 1450 by Pope Nicholas. His works were published at Venice in 1591, in 4

vols. 4to.

BERNARDINES, an order of monks, founded by Robert, abbot of Moleme, in the beginning of the twelfth century, and reformed by St. Bernard. They wear a white robe with a black scapulary; and when they officiate are clothed with a large white gown with great sleeves and a hood. They differ but little from the Cistertians. BERNAU, a town of the Middle Mark of Brandenburgh, Prussia. The principal trade is in beer, of which large quantities are brewed. It is seated on the Pancho, fourteen miles N.N.E. of Berlin.

BERNAY, a town of France, in the department of the Eure, Upper Normandy. It contains 6470 inhabitants, and carries on a considerable trade in corn, cattle, cider, and flax, with manufactures of paper, wax-candles, linen and woollen cloths. It stands on the Carentonne, sixteen miles E.S E. of Lisieux, and twenty-eight W.N.W. of Evreux.

BERNBURG, a district and small town of Germany, in the principality of Anhalt. The town stands on both the banks of the Saale, the opposite parts being united by a bridge. It is defended by a castle strongly situated on a rock, and encompassed with ditches. The population of the district is about 30,000; it is fertile, and yields from its mines, wines, and fruits, an annual revenue of 200,000 dollars. The population of the town does not exceed 3000; manufactures of iron, earthenware, starch, glass bottles, and powder. It is about twenty miles west of Dessau, and the same distance south of Magdeburg.

BERNERAY, one of the smaller Hebrides, about five miles in circumference, of sandy soil, but productive when manured. In the centre is a fresh water lake, abounding in eels. This island is supposed to have been once entirely de

voted to religious ceremonies; it has still a wood of yew trees, which it is thought formed a holy grove, and the remains of two chapels, dedicated to St. Asaph and St. Columbus. Remarkable phenomena are exhibited here by the tides. Long. 7° 8′ W., lat. 57° 42′ N.

BERNERAY GREAT, an island of the Hebrides, on the north-west side of the island of Lewis, in Loch Roag, about twelve miles long and four broad.

BERNERAY, LITTLE, a small island of the Hebrides, on the north-west side of Lewis, in Loch Roag, four miles long, and one broad.

BERNERS (Juliana), daughter of Richard Berners, of Berners Roding, and sister of lord Berners, was born at Roding, in Essex, about the beginning of the fifteenth century. She is celebrated by various authors as very learned; and, doubtless, had the best education that could he obtained in that age, as she was appointed prioress of Sopewell nunnery, near St. Alban's, about 1460, or rather earlier. She was very beautiful, and fond of masculine exercises, such as hunting, hawking, &c.; writing treatises on these subjects, as well as upon Heraldry, which were so popular, that they were published in the very infancy of printing. Her treatise on Hunting is written in rhyme, and affords strong evidence of the barbarity of that age. Her work on heraldry begins with the following curious piece of information: Of the offspring of the gentilman Jafeth (she certainly meant Shem), came Habraham, Moyses, Aron, and the profettys; and also the kyngs of the right lyne of Mary, of whom that Gentilman Jhesus was borne, very God and man; after his mauhode kynge of the land of Jude and of Jeus, gentilman by his modre Mary, prince of cote armure,' &c. We have given a more engaging extract from her treatise on Fishing, in the article ANGLING, which see. The time of her death is not known.

BERNHARDIA, iu botany, a name given by Houston to a genus of plants, characterised by Linnæus under the name of croton.

BERNICLA, in ornithology, the trivial name of a species of goose. See ANAS.

BERNICLE, in natural history, a species of shell fish, called by some concha anatifera. It is composed of five shells or valves, and agrees according to Lister with the pholas, both in the disposition and number of its valves.

[ocr errors]

BERNICLE, in zoology, a species of lepas. ` See LEPAS.

BERNIER (Francis), surnamed the Mogul, on account of his travels and residence in that country, was born at Angers, in France Having taken his degree of M.D. at Montpelier, he set out, in 1654, and travelled to Egypt, the Holy Land, and the empire of the Moguls. He wrote: 1. Histoire de la Dernière Revolution des Etats du Grand-Mogul, 4 vols. 12mo. 1670, 1671, often reprinted under the title of Voyages de François Bernier, and translated into English, 8vo. 1671, 1675. 2. Memoires sur le Quiétisme des Indes, &c.

BERNIER'S ISLAND, a small island situated near the mouth of Shark's Bay, on the west coast

« PreviousContinue »