To those at a Distance to attend; holla, Soho, ho, or

boa, what ho.

Salutation; Solemn; hail, all hail.
Friendly; well-met, welcome.

Indication of Pain; oh.

Of the Exertion of fome violent Effort; hab.
Of Wishing; O, O that.

Of Approbation; well done, very well.

Injunction to remit Speed, or other Effort; foft, foftly.

T

HIS Part of Grammar consists of Rules for the

difpofing of Words in connected Series, fo as

to communicate the Conceptions and difcurfive Operations of one Man to another: The Means of effecting this are confiderably different in different Languages; but in English they are exceeding fimple and eafy.

SYNTAX is confidered as of two Sorts, the regular and the figurative.

Of regular Syntax.

This confifts of two Parts, called Concord and Regimen.

CONCORD (at leaft in the English) confifts of two Parts; the one relating to the Order of placing Words in Series, according to the established Cuftom of the

Lan

Language; the other to the Correspondence of grammatic Terminations in several of the Parts of Speech, when united in Series.

REGIMEN relates to the Cafes of dependent Substantives, fhewing how they are to be confiftently applied : And the Application of the Tenfes and Moods of Verbs, and of the Adverbs, Conjunctions, and Prepofitions, may likewise be included in this Part of Syntax.

Rules for THE ORDER OF POSITION OF WORDS; which, in English, anfwers feveral of the Purposes of what is called CONCORD in Greek and Latin.

I. 1. In Sentences at large, us'd to declare,

The Nom'natives before the Verbs appear. 2. But in a Question, Wish, or a Command, The Nom'natives behind the Verbs must stand. 3. Of every fimple Tenfe; but, if complex, After the Signs we Nom'natives annex. 4. And Suppofitions, not by if receive,

After the Verb or Sign a Nom'native.

1. In declarative Sentences the Nominative Cafe fands before the Verb; as,

THE LORD GOD FORMED Man of the Duft of the Ground. Old Testament.

2. But when a Question is afked, or a Command given, or a Wish expreffed, if the Verb be of any fimple Tense, the Nominative Cafe is placed behind the Verb;

as,

BELIEVEST THOU the Prophets? New Teftament. STAND THOU here by me. New Testament.

Far BE THE THOUGHT of this from Henry's Heart. Shakespear.

3. If the Verb that expreffes a Question, Command, or Wish, be of any compound Tenfe, the Nominative Cafe ftands after the Sign of the Tense; as,

HAST THOU EATEN of the Tree whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldft not eat? Old Testament.

Be not afraid, neither BE THOU DISMAYED. Old Test. MAY YOU LIVE happily and long for the Service of your Country. Dryden.

4. And when a Suppofition is made without giving Notice of it by if, the Nominative Case stands after the Verb, if it be fimple; but if it be of a compound Tenfe, after the Sign; as,

WERE I as you. Philips. For If I were as you. COULD GREAT MEN THUNDER. Shakespear. great Men could thunder.

For if

It is likewise to be observed, that when a Sentence depends on neither, or nor, fo as to be coupled with another Sentence, the Nominative Case usually stands after the Verb, or Sign; as, ye shall not eat of it, neither SHALL YE TOUCH it, left ye die. Old Testament.

II. In compound Tenfes, Adverbs oft are feen;

1

And fometimes other Words, the Verb and Sign between.

Adverbs are often placed between the Sign and the Verb of all the compound Tenfes; as,.....

He WOULD REALLY WANT a Dictionary, and WOULD HARDLY AT FIRST BELIEVE at what a low Rate the highest Strains and Expreffions of Kindness DO COMMONLY PASS in current Payment. Tillotson...

And other Sorts of Words, as well as Adverbs, are frequently placed between the Sign and the Verb; as,

if I had but one Soul, IT COULD NOT AT THE SAME Spectat. No. 564.

TIME PANT after Virtue and Vice.

III. The Genitive by's Ufe has decreed,

Muft go before a Noun, and that by of fucceed.

The Genitive Cafe that is formed by fubjoining an s to the Nominative, goes before its correfponding Subftantive; as,

Sarai, ABRAM'S WIFE. Old Testament.

THE MARSHAL'S TRUNCHEON, and THE JUDGE'S ROBE. Shakespear.

But the Genitive Cafe by of prefixed, is placed behind its correfpondent Subftantive; as,

The ancient FAMILY OF THE BLANKS. Spectat. No.563.

IV. After Verbs tranfitive thofe Nouns appear,

To which the Verbs their passive States transfer.

The Pofition of a Substantive after a tranfitive Verb, fupplies, in English, the Effect of the Accufative Cafe, in Greek and Latin; as,

I GIVE ADVICE; REDRESS GRIEVANCES. Spectat. Where Advice denotes the Thing given, and Grievances, the Thing redreffed; therefore these Nouns are here in the fame Connection as that denoted in Greek and Latin, by the Accufative Cafe, in Dependence upon a tranfitive Verb.

It appears, from the Declenfions of the Pronouns, that I, thou, he, she, we, ye, they, and the Relative who, have each of them an Accufative Cafe different from the Nominative: But that it, which, and that, have no fuch Cafe: Yet, without having this grammatic Form, thefe,

are

are of the fame Effect, when placed in immediate De pendence on a tranfitive Verb, as the Accufative Forms of the other Pronouns: Thus, in the Expreffion to fee him, her, and it; him, and her, and it, each of them denotes an Object seen, and therefore are equally of the Accufative Cafe.

V. Before their Claufes plac'd, by fettled Ufe,
The Relatives thefe Claufes introduce.

This will appear, by Examples, at Rule XI. where the Method is shewn of determining the Cafe of the Relative.

VI. To Adjectives prefix'd we Adverbs find,

But Verbs require them to be plac'd behind.

Adverbs are ufually placed before Adjectives; as, Wifdom is TRULY PAIR. Milton.

And behind Verbs; as,

They ACT WISELY. Rogers.

He made him THINK MORE REASONABLY. Dryden.

This last Rule admits of many Exceptions; for fome Adverbs are placed behind Adjectives; as, a man WISE INDEED: And many Adverbs are as frequently placed before a Verb as behind it: Thus, we may either say, Į VERY MUCH APPROVE of fuch a Thing; or, I APPROVE VERY MUCH of fuch a Thing; or, I APPROVE of such a Thing VERY MUCH; and fo of very many other Inftances. Most of the other Rules, for the Order of placing Words, likewise admit of Exceptions, especially in very folemn or very familiar Language, and principally in Poetry. Ufe and Obfervation will enable any one to difcern the principal Inftances of Departure from thefe Rules; and the Knowledge of the Rules will be

of