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There fat at her Feet a Couple of Secretaries, which received every Hour Letters from all Parts of the World. Spectat. No. 3.

Faults in the Cafe of the Relative who, contrary to Rule XI. Page 93.

All whom know that Shire are well acquainted with the Parts and Merits of Sir Roger. No. 2.

She had received the Addreffes of a Gentleman, who, after a long and intimate Acquaintance, the forfook. No. 15.

Three Parts of those who I reckon among the Litigious are fuch as are only quarrelfome in their Hearts. No. 21.

There are none to who this Paper will be more useful than to the Female World. No. 10.

Faults in the Ufe of the Relative that, contrary to Rule XII. Page 94.

I am not fo vain as to think it prefaged any Dignity at that I fhould arrive. No. 1.

There is another Set of Men to that I must lay claim. No. 10.

All for that I would contend is, to keep the Handker, chief from being mifapplied. No. 44.

Faults against the Regimen of the Cafes.

They would draw I out of that Obfcurity which me have enjoyed for many Years, and expose I in public Places, to feveral Salutes and Civilities. (Rule XVI.) Spectat. No. 1.

This Humour creates he no Enemies. (Rule XVI.) No. 2.

She

She often fimiled with a fecret Pleafure when the looked upon they. (Rule XVI.) Spectat. No. 3.

It is difficult to fhew the Mifapplication of the Signs of the Cafes without making the Words utterly unintelligible. Nevertheless I have given a Sentence or twa of the Beginning of the firft Spectator, with the Signs changed as below.

I have observed that a Reader feldom perufes a Book from Pleasure, (Rule XX.) till he knows whether the Writer with it (Rule XIII.) be a black or fair Man, by a mild (Rule XIII.) or choleric Difpofition, married, or a Batchelor; in other Particulars (Rule XX.) to the like Nature, (Rule XIII.) that conduce very much with the right Understanding (Rule XV.) for an Author (Rule XIII.) To gratify this Curiofity which is fo natural than a Reader, (Rule XV.) I defign this Paper and my next as prefatory Discourses in my following Writings. (Rule XV.)

Faults against Rule XXIV. concerning Subftantives in like Cafes.

The first of our Society is a Gentleman, of a Baronet, his Name to Sir Roger de Coverley. Spectat. No. 2. He is in a Gentleman that is very fingular. Ibid. She shall be called for Woman. Genefis, chap. 2. ver. 23.

Faults against Rule XXVII. and the Obfervations upon it. Pages 117 to 120, concerning the Application of it and there with Definitive Verbs.

As for the reft of my Infancy, it being nothing remarkable in it, I fhall pass it over in Silence. Spectat,

No. I.

I made there my Business these three Days, to liften after my own Fame. Spectat. No. 4.

There is, for this Reason, that I keep my Complexion and Drefs as great Secrets. No. i.

It are three very material Points which I have not spoken to in this Paper. Ibid.

Faults against Rule XXVIII. concerning the Use of the fecond Preter Tenfe, with Names of Time.

As I have been walking in the Streets about a Fortnight ago. Spectat. No. 5.

Sir Roger has faid, laft Night, that none but Men of fine Parts deferves to be hanged. No. 6.

3

Faults against the Rule at Page 121, concerning the Ufe of fhall and will.

As the chief Trouble of compiling, and digefting, and correcting, fhall fall to my Share, I muft do myself the Juftice to open the Work with my own Hiftory. Spectat. No. 1.

As for other Particulars in my Life and Adventures, I fhall infert them in the following Papers as I will fee Occafion.

Ibid.

This I know shall be Matter of great Rallery to the

fmall Wits. No. 10.

If we look into the Profeffion of Phyfic we will find a most formidable Body of Men.

If you understand any other Language which your Scholar understands, you may easily translate Portions from it into false English, and oblige your Scholar to find out the Faults, and rectify them by the Rules: And this is probably as effectual a Method of teaching Foreigners English as any that can be taken.

INTRO

INTRODUCTION.

TH

HE Writers on Grammar have diftinguished the Words of which Language confifts into eight or nine different Sorts. They have called thefe Sorts the Parts of Speech, and have given them the Names of NOUN, PRONOUN, VERB, PARTICIPLE, 'ADverb, ConjuncTION, PREPOSITION, INTERJECTION; and to these, in English, we may add THE ARTICLE. This Divifion of the Parts of Speech has been fo long admitted in Grammar, and has been found to be attended with fo little Inconvenience, that it is not adviseable to attempt any new Divifion.

The Noun and the Verb are the principal Parts of Speech, to which all the reft are but different Kinds of Auxiliaries: And the Reafon why they are fo will appear in the following Treatife; therefore it is proper to begin with confidering the Noun and Verb in one general View, and then to treat of each of the Parts of Speech in particular. This I fhall do in the Order in which they are fet down above, except the Article: For it will be proper to confider it immediately after the Noun and Pronoun; because of the especial Relation which it has to common or appellative Names, and of its Approach in Meaning to that of fome of the Pronouns.

As I am under a Neceffity of ufing the Words Object, and Coalefcent Circumftance, in a Senfe fomewhat peculiar; Bb

194 INTRODUCTION.

it is neceffary to give Notice, that by an Object is meant, in the following Treatife, not only whatsoever produces an Image in the Eye whence the Conception thereof is conveyed to the Mind, but likewife whatsoever produces any Senfation, or gives Occafion to any internal Conception, fuch as that the Mind can confine its Attention to that Conception only:

And that by a Coalefcent Circumftance, is meant fuch as unites with an Object without encreafing the Number of the Object.

No. I.

SECTION

Of the Noun and Verb in general.

NOUN

Definitions.

I

YOUNS denote Objects, or Coalefcent Circumftances, without including the Character of beginning, continuing, ending, being renewed, deftroyed, and again repeated, fo as to fuit any Occafion of Difcourfe.

No. 2. Verbs denote States of being, which may be confidered either as Objects, or Coalefcent Circumftances, including the Character of beginning, continuing, ending, being renewed, deftroyed, and again repeated, fo as to fuit any Occafion of Difcourfe.

Thefe Definitions fhew the Difference between the Conception annexed to any Sort of Noun in any of its Forms, and that annexed to any Sort of Verb in any of its Forms whatsoever; as will appear fully in what follows.

Nouns

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