IN'NOCENCE, n.s. French, innocence; IN'NOCENCY, N. s. Lat. in and noceo, inIN'NOCENT, adj. & n. s nocens. Purity; unIN'NOCENTLY, adv. tainted integrity; INNOC'vous, adj. freedon: from guilt; INNOC'UOUSLY, adv. [harmlessness; simINNOCUOUSNESS, n. s. plicity of heart; INNOX'IOUS, adj. sometimes with INNOX'IOUSLY, n. s. some degree of weakINNOXIOUSNESS, n. s. ness; without mischievous intent. Innocent, one free from guilt or harin; a natural; an ideot. Innocuous, harmless in its effects. Innoxious, pure from crimes; free from mischievous effects; without injurious tendency. All that may confound Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Tale. Chaucer. The Clerkes Tale. Innocent Paper! whom too cruell hand Did make the matter to avenge her yre; And, ere she could thy cause well understand Did sacrifice unto the greedy fire. Spenser. Sonnet. So pure an innocent as that same lamb. Id. Faerie Queene. Innocents are excluded by natural defects. Hooker. It will help me nothing To plead mine innocence; for that dye is on me Which makes my whit'st part black. Shakspeare. If truth and upright innocency fail me, I'll to the king my master. Id. Henry IV. Thou hast killed the sweetest innocent, That e'er did lift up eye. Id. Othello. If murthering innocents be executing, Why, then thou art an executioner. Something Id. Henry VI. You may deserve of him through me and wisdom, To offer up a weak, poor, innocent lamb, Id. Macbeth. I urge this childhood proof, Because what follows is pure innocence. Shakspeare. Good madam, keep yourself within yourself: The man is innocent. Id. Antony and Cleopatra. The blow which shakes a wall, or beats it down, and kills men, hath a greater effect on the mind than that which penetrates into a mud wall, and doth little harm; for that innocuousness of the effect makes, that, although in itself it be as great as the other, yet 'tis little observed. Digby on Bodies. Innorious flames are often seen on the hair of men's heads and horses' manes. Digby. Cowley. Milton. Balls at his feet lay innocently dead. Simplicity and spotless innocence. Animals that can innoriously digest these poisons, become antidotal to the poison digested. Broune's Vulgar Errours We may safely use purgatives, they being benign, and of innoxious qualities. Id. Whether quails, from any peculiarity of constitution, do innocently feed upon hellebore, or rather Browne. sometimes but medically use the same. What comfort does overflow the devout soul, from a consciousness of its own innocence and integrity! Tillotson. We laugh at the malice of apes, as well as at the innocence of children. Temple. The peasant, innocent of all these ills, With crooked ploughs the fertile fallows tills, And the round year with daily labour fills. Dryden. The most dangerous poisons, skilfully managed, may be made not only innocuous, but of all other medicines the most effectual. Grew. The air was calm and serene; none of those tumultuary motions and conflicts of vapours, which the mountains and the winds cause in ours; 'twas suited to a golden age, and to the first innocency of Burnet's Theory. nature. Sent by the better genius of the night, Innorious gleaming on the horse's mane, The meteor sits. Thomson's Autumn. Sweet harmonist! and beautiful as sweet! And young as beautiful! and soft as young! And gay as soft! and innocent as gay! Young's Night Thoughts. Narcissa. Dear lovely bowers of innocence and ease. Seats of my youth, when every sport could please, How often have I loitered o'er thy green, When humble happiness endeared each scene! Goldsmith's Deserted Village. But many a crime deemed innocent on earth Is registered in heaven, and these no doubt Have each a reward, with a cause annexed. Cowper. There he long had dwelt, There his worn bosom and keen eye could melt O'er the innocence of that sweet child, His only shrine of feelings undefiled. Byron. Don Juan. And girls of sixteen are thus far Socratic, But innocently so, as Socrates. Id. INNOCENT I., was born in Albany, and elected Pope A. D. 402. He condemned the Novatians and Pelagians; and died at Ravenna in 417. Some of his Epistles are extant. INNOCENT III., whose name was originally Lothario Conti, was of a noble family, and born at Anagni in 1161. His learning procured him a cardinalship; and he was chosen pope in 1198. He encouraged the Crusades; persecuted the Albigenses; put the kingdom of France under an interdict; and excommunicated John king of England. He died in 1216; and his works were printed at Cologne in 1575. INNOCENT V., a Dominican friar, was archbishop of Lyons, next a cardinal, and at last elected pope, in 1276, but died a few months after. His works on religion have been printed. INNOCENT VI., a native of France, was bishop of Ostia, and a cardinal; and in 1352 was promoted to the papacy. He was esteemed a man of great wisdom and liberality. His letters have been printed. He died in 1362. INNOCENTS' DAY, a festival of the Romish Church, observed on December 28th, in memory of the massacre of the innocent children by the command of Herod. The Greek church in their calendar, and the Abyssinians of Ethiopia in their offices, commemorate 14,000 infants on this oc casion. It was anciently the custom to have dances in the churches on this day, wherein were children who represented bishops, by way of derision, as some suggest, of the episcopal dignity; though others, with more probability, suppose it done in honor of the innocence of childhood. By a canon of the council of Cognac, held in 1260, these were expressly forbidden; but they were not wholly suppresed in France before the year 1444, when the doctors of the Sorbonne addressed a spirited letter on this subject to all the bishops of the kingdom. INNOMINATI, nameless, a title by which the academists of Parma distinguish themselves. Most cities in Italy have an academy, and each has its proper name. Thus those at Parma entitle themselves Gli innominati, as if it was their character to have no name at all. INNOVATE, v. a. Fr. nnover; Lat. inINNOVATION, n. s. novo. To bring in someINNOVATOR, n. s. Sthing unknown before; to change by introducing novelties. Innovation, change. Innovator, an introducer of novelties. The love of things ancient doth argue stayedness; but levity and want of experience maketh apt unto Hooker. innovations. I attach thee as a traitorous innovator, A foe to the publick weal. Shakspeare. Coriolanus. He that will not apply new remedies, must expect new evils; for time is the greatest innovator: and if time of course alter things to the worse, and wisdom and council shall not alter them to the better, what shall be the end? Bacon's Essays. It were good that men in innovations would follow the example of time itself, which indeed innovateth greatly, but quietly and by degrees. Id. Men pursue some few principles which they have rbanced upon, and care not to innovate, which draws unknown inconveniences. tate. Former things Are set aside like abdicated kings; Bacon. And innovates some act till then unknown. Dryden. Every man cannot distinguish betwixt pedantry and poetry; every man therefore is not fit to innoId. He counsels them to detest and persecute all innotators of divine worship. South. From his attempts upon the civil power, he proceeds to innovate God's worship. Id. Rowe's Jane Shore. Curse on the innovating hand attempts it, Remember him the villain righteous Heaven In thy great day of vengeance! Great changes may be made in a government, yet the form continue; but large intervals of time inust pass between every such innovation, enough to make it of a piece with the constitution. Swift. INNUEN'DO, n. s. Lat. innuendo from innuo. An oblique hint. Swift. As if the commandments, that require obedience and forbid murder, were to be indicted for a libellous innuendo upon all the great men that come to be concerned. L'Estrange. Mercury, though employed on a quite contrary errand, owns it a marriage by an innuendo. Dryden. Pursue your trade of scandal-picking, Your hints that Stella is no chicken; Your innuendoes when you tell us, That Stella loves to talk with fellows. INNVIERTEL (i. e. the Quarter of the Inn), a district or circle of Upper Austria, comprising the territory lying between the Danube, the Inn, and the Salza. It was ceded to Austria by Bavaria in the treaty of Teschan in 1779; restored to Bavaria in 1810, but only retained till 1815. In that year also that part of the quarter of the Ilausruck which Buonaparte had compelled Austria to cede to Bavaria was restored for an equivalent, and annexed to this circle; so that at present its extent is 1270 square miles. The chief towns are Braunau and Scharding. The southern division, lying towards the duchy of Salzburg, is intersected by well-wooded chains of mountains; and the tracts on the banks of the Danube and the Inn are fertile in wheat, barley, flax, and pasturage. Inhabitants about 200,000. INNUMERABLE, adj. Fr. innumerable; INNUMERABLY, adv. Lat. in and numerus. INNUMEROUS, adj. Not to be counted for multitude; without number. Ther was ner tresour, of terrestial richesse,- Chaucer. The Craft of Lovers. Milton. Shakspeare. Henry VIII 'Twould be some solace yet, some little cheering, In this close dungeon of innumerous boughs. Cover me ye pines, Ye cedars with innumerable boughs Hide me, where I may never see them more. Id. ed of Ino's machinations, escaped to Colchis on a ram with a golden fleece. Juno, jealous of Ino's prosperity, sent the fury Tisiphone to the house of Athamas; who so maddened him that, taking Ino to be a lioness and her children whelps, he pursued her and dashed her son Learchus against a wall. Ino, flying from his fury, threw herself from a high rock into the sea with Melicerta in her arms. Neptune pitied her fate, and made her a sea deity, afterwards called Leucothoe. Melicerta became also a sea god, worshipped by the name of Palemon. INOA, festivals in memory of Ino, celebrated yearly with sports and sacrifices at Corinth, at Megara (where she was first worshipped), and in Laconia. It was usual at the celebration to throw cakes of flour into a pond, which, if they sunk, were presages of prosperity, but of adversity if they swam on the surface. INOCARPUS, in botany: a genus of the monogynia order, and decandria class of plants. COR. funnel-shaped: CAL. bifid: the stamina are placed in a double series; the fruit a monospermous plum. Species one only; I. edulis a native of the South Sea Islands and of Amboyna. INOCULATE, v. n. & v. a. Lat. in and ocuINOCULATION, n. s. ·lus, inoculatio. INOCULATOR, n. S. To propagate any plant by inserting its bud into another stock; to practise inoculation: inoculation is practised upon all sorts of stone fruit, and upon oranges and jasmines. The practice of transplanting the small-pox, by infusion of the matter from ripened pustules into the veins of the uninfected, in hopes of procuring a milder sort than what frequently comes by infection.-Quincy. The communication of the cow-pock by inoculation is called vaccination: inoculator, one that practises inoculation of trees, or propagates smallpox or cow-pock by inoculation. Virtue cannot so inoculate our old stock, but we Nor are the ways alike in all Thy stock is too much out of date, Where lilies, in a lovely brown, Inoculate carnation. Cleaveland. Id. In the stem of Elaiana they all met, and came to be ingrafted all upon one stock, most of them by in oculation. Howel. But various are the ways to change the state, To plant, to bud, to graft, to inoculate. Dryden. Now is the season for the budding of the orangetree: inoculate therefore at the commencement of this month. Evelyn. tions for inoculating given ly Miller:-Choose a smooth part of the stock; then with your knife make a horizontal cut across the rind of the stock, and from the middle of that cut make a slit downwards, about two inches in length, in the form of a T; but be careful not to cut too deep, lest you wound the stock: then having cut off the leaf from the bud, leaving the footstalk remaining, make a cross cut about half an inch below the eye, and with your knife slit off the bud, with part of the wood to it. This done, with your knife pull off that part of the wood which was taken with the bud, observing whether the eye of the bud be left to it or not; for all those buds which lose their eyes in stripping are good for nothing: then, raising the bark of the stock, thrust the bud therein, placing it smooth between the rind and the wood of the stock; and so having exactly fitted the bud to the stock tie them closely round, taking care not to bind round the eye of the bud. When the buds above mentioned have been inoculated three or four weeks, and those which are fresh and plump are joined, loosen the bandage, which, if it be not done in time, will injure if not destroy the bud. In March following cut off the stock sloping, about three inches above the bud, and to what is left fasten the shoot which proceeds from the bud: but this must continue no longer than one year; after which the stock must be cut off close above the bud. The time for inoculating is from the middle of June to the middle of August: but the most proper time is when the buds are formed at the extremity of the same year's shoot, which is a sign of their having finished their spring growth. The first sort commonly inoculated is the apricot; and the last the orange tree, which should never be done till the end of August. In doing this, always make choice of cloudy weather; for if it be done in the middle of the day, when the weather is hot, the shoots will perspire so fast, as to leave the buds destitute of moisture. INOCULATION, in medicine, is a term generally May's Virgil. applied to the practice of infusing the matter from ripened pustules in small-pox into uninfected persons, in order to give that disease in a mild form, and thus to protect from the natural attacks. As to the origin of the art of inoculating the small-pox, as well as the time and place in which it was performed, they are equally unknown to all by whom the practice is adopted. Accident probably gave rise to it. Pylarini says, that among the Turks it was not attended to except among the meaner sort. No mention is made of it by any of the ancient Arabian medical writers that are known in Europe; and the physicians who are natives in and about Arabia assert, that nothing is to be found regarding it in any of those of a more modern date. Until the beginning of the eighteenth century all the accounts we have of inoculating the small-pox are merely traditional. It is also remarkable that before Pylarini's letter to the Royal Society in 1701, and for several years after, this practice was not taken notice of by the most inquisitive travellers. The first accounts we have concerning inoculation are from two Italian physicians, viz. Pylarini and Timoni, whose letters on the subject may be seen in the Had John a Gaddesden been now living, he would have been at the head of the inoculators. Friend's History of Physick. It is evident, by inoculation, that the smallest quantity of the matter, mixed with the blood, produceth the disease. Arbuthnot. INOCULATION, in gardening, is the art of inserting in the stocks of fruit trees, &c., the buds of others of the same kind. It is a sort of grafting often had recourse to in the summer season for raising particular kinds of stone fruit, and frequent ly succeeds better than the common method. See GRAFTING. The following are the direc Philosophical Transactions. The first is dated A. D. 1701; the next A. D. 1713. Dr. Williams of Haverfordwest, however, who wrote upon inoculation in 1725, proved, that it had been practised in Wales, though in form somewhat different, for upwards of 200 years. In the Highlands of Scotland, and some of the adjacent isles, Dr. Alexander Monro informs us, that the custom through ages past has been, to put their children to bed with those who labored under a favorable small-pox, and to tie worsted threads about their children's wrists, after having drawn them through variolous pustules. According to Dr. Russel, the Arabians assert, that the inoculation of the small-pox has been the common custom of their ancestors, and that they have no doubt of its being as ancient as the disease itself. In 1717 lady Mary Wortley Montague had her son inoculated at Constantinople, at the age of six years; he had but few pustules, and soon recovered. In April 1721 inoculation was successfully tried on seven condemned criminals in London. In 1721 Lady Mary Montague had a daughter of six years old inoculated in this island; soon after which the children of the royal family that had not had the small-pox were inoculated with success: then followed some of the nobility, and the practice soon prevailed. The practice of inoculation having obtained in every part of the world, it may be grateful, at least to curiosity, to have a general account of the different modes that are and have been adopted in that practice. Inoculation with the blood of variolous patients has been tried without effect: the variolous matter alone produces the disease. The application of the variolous matter takes place in a sensible part only; the activity of the virus is such, that the smallest atom, though imperceptible to any of our senses, conveys the disease as well as the largest quantity. Hence the most obvious method is the prick of a needle or the point of a lancet dipped in the matter of a variolous pustule. Cotton or thread is used, that is previously rubbed with powdered variolous scabs; this thread is drawn with a needle through the cutis, but not left in. This is the method in some parts of the East Indies. The Indians pass the thread on the outside of the hand, between any of the fingers, or between the fore-finger and thumb. The Thessalian women inoculate in the forehead and chin. Some abrade the scarf-skin, and rub in the powdered dry scabs which fall from the pustules of patients with the small-pox. Many of the Greek women make an oblique puncture with a needle, on the middle of the top of the forehead, on each cheek, the chin, each metacarpus, and each metatarsus; then drop in each a little of the pus just taken warm from a patient, and brought in a servant's bosom. Others make several little wounds with a needle in one, two, or more places in the skin, till some drops of blood ensue; then the operator pours a drop of warm pus fresh from a pustule, and mixes it with the blood as it issues out; then the wound is covered by some with a bandage, by others with half a walnut shell placed with its concave side over each orifice. In some parts of Hindostan the person who intends to be inoculated, having found a house where there is a good sort of the small-pox, goes to the bed of the sick person, if he is old enough; or if a child to one of his relations, and speaks to him as follows: I am come to buy the small-pox.' The answer is, 'Buy if you please.' A sum of money is accordingly given, and one, three, or five pustules, for the number must always be odd, and not exceeding five, are extracted whole, and full of matter. These are immediately rubbed on the skin of the outside of the hand between the forefinger and the thumb; and this suffices to produce the disease. The same custom obtains in Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli, and other countries. Very similar to this custom is that in Arabia, where on some fleshy part they make several punctures with a needle imbrued in variolous matter, taken from pustules of a favorable kind. Here they buy the small-pox too, as follows: the child to be inoculated carries a few raisins, dates, sugar-plums, or such like: and, showing to the child from whom the matter is to be taken, asks how many pocks he will give in exchange? The bargain being made, they proceed to the operation. The Arabs say that any fleshy part is proper; but generally they insert the matter between the forefinger and thumb on the outside of the hand. The Georgians insert the matter on the fore-arm. The Armenians introduce the matter on the two thighs. In Wales the practice may be termed infriction of the small-pox. There some of the dry pustules are procured by purchase, and are rubbed hard upon the naked arm or leg. The practice in some places is to prick the skin between some of the fingers, by means of two small needles joined to one another; and, after having rubbed a little of the inatter on the spot, a circle is made by means of several punctures of the bigness of a common pustule, and matter is again rubbed over it. The operation is finished by dressing the wound with lint. Incisions have been made in the arms and legs, and thread, cotton, or lint, previously dipped in the variolous matter, was lodged in them. The practice of some is to bathe the feet in warm water, and then secure lint dipped in the variolous matter on the instep, or other part of the foot where the skin is thin. Others apply a small blistering plaster; and, when the scarf-skin is elevated and slipped off, the variolous matter is applied to the surface of the true skin, and confined there by a little lint or plaster. Scratching the skin with a pin or needle, and then rubbing the part with lint, previously dipped in variolous matter, is the custom in some places. The Highlanders rub some part of the skin with fresh matter, or dip worsted in variolous matter, and tie about the children's wrists. They observe, that if fresh matter is applied a few days successively, the infection is more certain than by one application. Having thus given a brief history of the practice, we must refer the medical reader to the articles MEDICINE and SMALL-POX, where the comparative merits of inoculation will be brought forward in a more detailed manner. INOCULATION, VACCINE. See VACCINATION and SMALL-POX. INO'DORATE, adj. INO'DOROUS, adj. perceptible by the nose. Lat. in and odor. Ilaving no scent; not Whites are more inodorate than flowers of the same xind coloured. Bacon's Natural History. The white of an egg is a viscous, unactive, insi pid, inodorous liquor. Arbuthnot on Aliments. INOFFENSIVE, adj. Lat. in and offensus. INOFFENSIVELY, adv Giving no scandal, INOFFEN'SIVENESS, n. s. S uneasiness, or displeasure; harmless; innocent; unembarrassed: in a manner free from injury; without stop or obstruction. Whether the sun predominant in heaven From hence a passage broad, For drink the grape She crushes, inoffensive most. Milton. Id. Dryden. With whatever gall thou set'st thyself to write, Thy inoffensive satires never bite." Should infants have taken offence at any thing, mixing pleasant and agreeable appearances with it, must be used, 'till it be grown inoffensive to them. Hark, how the cannon, inoffensive now, Gives signs of gratulation. A stranger, inoffensive, unprovoking. Locke. Phillips. Fleetwood. Lat. in and ordinatus. Irregularity; disorder; (it is better to use inordination, INOPPORTUNE', adj. Lat. inopportunus. Unseasonable; inconvenient. INOR'DINACY, n. s. INORDINATE, adj. INOR'DINATELY, adv. INOR DINATENESS, n.s. INORDINATION, n. s. from right or order): inordinate, irregular; intemperate; beyond prescribed limits. These people were wisely brought to allegiance; but, being straight left unto their own inordinate life, they forgot what before they were taught. Spenser. As soon as a man desires any thing inordinately, he is presently disquieted in himself. Taylor. From inordinate love and vain fear comes all unquietness of spirit. Id. Guide to Devotion. Thence raise At last distempered, discontented thoughts; Vain hopes, vain arms, inordinate desires, Blown up with high conceits, engendering pride. ture of it, held that a lye was absolutely and universally sinful. South. They become very sinful by the excess, which were not so in their nature: that inordinacy sets them in opposition to God's designation. Government of the Tongue. INORGAN'ICAL, adj. In and organical. Void of organs or instrumental parts. We come to the lowest and most inorganical parts of matter. Locke. INOSARCION, a name given by some of the ancient Greek and Roman authors to a peculiar species of emerald, called also the Chalcedonian emerald. The great distinction of this from the other species of this gem was, that it had thick veins in it, which gave peculiar refractions and reflections to the light; and, though the stone was in itself green, yet when viewed in side lights these veins gave the stones all the various colors of the rainbow. INOS'CULATE, v. n. Lat. in and osculum. INOSCULA'TION, n. s. To unite by conjunc tion of extremities. The almost infinite ramifications and inosculations of all the several sorts of vessels may easily be detected by glasses. Ray. This fifth conjugation of nerves is branched by inosculating with nerves. Derham's Physico-Theology. IN'QUEST, n. s. Fr. enqueste; Lat. inquiro. Judicial enquiry or examination; inquiry; search; study. In law, the inquest of jurors, or by jury, is the most usual trial of all causes, both civil and criminal; for in civil causes, after proof is made on either side, so much as each part thinks good for himself, if the doubt be in the fact, it is referred to the discretion of twelve indifferent men, impannelled by the sheriff; and as they bring in their verdict so judgment passes: for the judge saith the jury finds the facts thus; then is the law thus, and so we judge.—Cowel. This is the laborious and vexatious inquest that the soul must make after science. South. What confusion of face shall we be under, when that grand inquest begins; when an account of our opportunities of doing good, and a particular of our use or misuse of them, is given in? Atterbury. INQUEST. See CORONER. INQUIETUDE, n. s. Fr. inquietude; Lat. inquietudo, inquietus. Disturbed state; want of quiet; attack on the quiet. Having had such experience of his fidelity and observance abroad, he found himself engaged in honour to support him at home from any farther inquietude. IWotton. |