To nouns helong

Gender, Number, Person, and Case,

GENDER is the distinction of Nouns with regard to 10 sex. . . There are three genders, the Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter.

Nouns, which denote Males, are of the Masculine gender; as, a man, a boy.

Nouns, which denote Females, are of the Feminine gender; as, a woman, a girl.

Nouns, which denote neither Males nor Females, are of the Neuter gender; as, a book, a pen.

NUMBER is the distinction of nouns with regard to the objects signified, as one or more. ... Nouns are of two numbers, the Singular and Plural.

The Singular number expresses but one object; as, a chair, a table.

The Plural number signifies more objects than one; as, chairs, tables.

Note. The Plural number of nouns is generally formed by adding s to the singular; but when the singular ends in x, ch, soft, sh, 8, or ss, the plural is formed by adding es. It the singulas ends in cḥ hard, the plural is formed by adding s only. PERSON is the distinction of nouns with regard to their character. as names of the persons speaking, spoken to, and spoken of There are three persons, the First, Second and Third.

...

The First person denotes the person speaking. The Second denotes the person spoken to. e. The third denotes the person spoken of.

CASE is the distinction of nouns with regard to their state, and relation to other words, in a sentence... Nouns are of three cases, the Nominative, Possessive, and Objective.

The Nominative case denotes the agent, or subject of the verb; as, John walks.

The Possessive case denotes the relation of property or possession; as, John's hat.

Note. The possessive case of nouns is generally formed by adding an apostrophe with the letter s, to the nominative; but when the plural terminates in s, and sometimes also when the singular terminates in ss, the apostrophe only is ad ded in forming the possessive.

The Objective case denotes the object of an action, or of a relation; as, John strikes Thomas; he resides in London.

apothecary's shop. An eagle's wing. A horse's bridle. The scholar's dus ty. The ships' masts. The tree's leaves. The grocers' company. Virue's fair form. Life's gay varieties. The rich man's weal.

Philip, Macedon's warlike king. The prophetess' prediction. The rambow's variegated hues. Ramsay's American Revolu tion. Peter's wife's mother. Bishop Hobart's excellent treatise. Sir I-aac Newton's discovery. The miser's god. A painter's brush. Conscience' sake. John's brother' child.Murray, the English grammatian's book. Mrs. Willard's young ladies' Academy.

Lesson 6.-Love thou virtue. Love ye the truth. I love thee. Thou lovest them. He loves her. We love him. Ye love us.They love me. I loved it. Thou lovedst them. loved her.

He Harriet loved Eliza. Cæsar conquered Pompey. Brutus killed Casar. John baptized Jesus. I shall finish the letter. They performed the task. Love thou know! edge. Love ye wisdom's precepts. Hate iniquity. Remember the sabbath day. Avoid bad company. Peter, lovest thou me? Boys, study the lesson. General, thou wilt return victorious. Judas betrayest thou me? Father, pity them. Good Master, save us. Henry, you will injure him John will you instruct James ?

OF PRONOUNS.

A Pronoun is a word used for or instead of a noun— Pronouns are of three kinds, Personal, Relative, and Adjective.

I. Personal Pronouns are such as express the distinc tions of person... They are I; thou; and he, she, it; with their plurals, we; ye or you ; and they.

Note. I stands for the name of the person speaking, and de notes the first person; thou stands for the name of the person spoken to, and denotes the second person; and he, she, it, stand for the name of the person or thing spoken of, and denote the third person.

A Verb is a word which signifies To Be, To Do, o To Suffer.... Verbs are of three kinds, Active, Pas sive, and Neuter.

I. Active verbs express action, and are either transi tive or intransitive.

An active-transitive verb denotes an action that pas ses from the agent to some object; as, “Cain smote Abel Cæsar conquered Pompey."

An active intransitive verb denotes that kind of ad tion which is limited to the agent; as, "John walks Thomas runs."

To verbs belong

Mood, Tense, Number and Person.

RULES.

VII-A verb must a

case, in the number and person.

Mood is the manner of expressing the signification of gree with its nominative the verb. . . . There are five moods the Imperative, Indicative, Subjunctive, Potential, and Infinitive.

Tense is the distinction of time. ... Its grand divisions are the present, past, and future, denoted by the Present, Imperfect, and First Future Tenses; but, to mark the time of the verb more accurately, we also use the Perfect, Pluperfect, and Second Future troses.

Verbs have two numbers aud three persons, in each number, to agree with nouns and pronouns, in those respects. The number and person of a verb are therefore always the same, as those of its nominative case. The conjugation of a verb is the regular combination and arrangement of its several moods, teoses, numbers, and persons.

Conjugation of the Active Verb, Love.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

The Imperative mood commands, exhorts, or intreats. It is the simplest form of the verb, and has no distinction of tense; as,

2. Love, love thou, or do 2. Love, love ye or you,

thou love.

or do ye or you love.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

The Indicative mood simply indicates or declares an action.

as,

Present Tense.

VIII-Active transi

tive verbs govern the objective case.

Exercises in Parsing.

Lesson 7.-Exercise promotes health. The word noun, signifies a name. I

travelled. You walked, They danced, Newton studied astronomy. Paul preached the gospel. The mail departed. Thou repentest. He repenteth. The dog will bark. The prisoner will escape. I shall depart. Smoke will ascend. Thou wilt repent. Thou shalt walk. I will play. I shall finish the letter. They shall perform the task. You will laugh. It shall live. They will frown. It will approach. Thou wilt wander. A ship sails. The sea rages. You encourage us.

Lesson 8.-I shall walk. Thou wilt walk. He will walk. We shall walk.Ye will walk. They will

The Present tense denotes an event in present time; walk. I will walk. Thou

The First Future tense denotes an event in future time.

It is formed by prefixing the auxiliary, shall or will, to the present tense; as,

1. I shall or will love, 1. We shall or will love, 2. Thou wilt or shalt love, 2. Ye will or shall love, 3. He will or shall love; 3. They will or shall love.

RULES.

IX.-Pronouns must a

OF PRONOUNS.-continued.

II. Relative Pronouns are such as relave, in general, gree with their antecedents to some preceding word or phrase, cailed the Antecedent. and the nouns for which... They are Who, Which, and That. they stand, in gender, number, and person.

X-A noun or pronoun, joined with a parti ciple and standing inte pendent on the rest of the sentence, is in the nominative case absolute.

Exercises in Parsing.

ed us.

What is a kind of compound relative, including both the antecedent and the relative; and is equivalent to that, which.

Who is applied to persons; which, to animals and inauimate things; that, to persons or things.

Who is of both) Nom. Who.
numbers and is Poss. Whose,
thus declined.) Obj. Whom.

Lesson 9.-The righteous man, who feareth God, bateth iniquity. The tel low, whom we met, insultThe dog, which I bought, has bitten me.The house, that you built, has decayed. The letter that he wrote, miscarried. He that received me, receiveth him that sent me. The prisoners, who broke jail, have returned. The flowers, that you have Regular verbs are those, whose imperfect tense and planted, smell sweet. I perfect participle end in ed; as,

Which, That, and What are likewise of both num bers, but do not vary their termination; except that whose is sometimes used as the possessive case of which, When used in asking questions, Who, Which, and What are called Interrogatives,

know what you want. I understand what yon say. Whose books have you found? Whose desk do you occupy ? Who shall declare it ? Whom have we served ?

Lesson 10.-The sun a. rising, the clouds disap

pear. The sun having ari

OF VERBS.-continued.

Verbs are also divided into Regular, Irregular, and Defective.

favoured.

Irregular verbs are those, whose imperfect tense and perfect participle do not end in ed; as,

Present.

I begin,

sen, the clouds dispersed. I know,

Imperfect.

I began,

I knew,

Perfect Part

begun.

known.

Defective verbs are those, which are used only in

having fallen, he discover some of their moods and tenses; as,

The storm increasing, they

returned.

A light snow

Auxiliary Verbs are those by the help of which oth

elled. He had seen the man. er verbs are principally conjugated.... They are do

The ship bad sailed.

mail had arrived. court had adjourned.

The be, have, shall will, may con, with their variations and must, which has no variation.

The

I The Perfect tense denotes an event in past time, and coach will have passed.

It is formed by prefixing the auxiliary, have, to the perfect thou. Arise ye. Do thou participle; as,

The Pluperfect Tense denotes an event as past prior troops.

It is formed by prefixing the auxiliaries, shall have, or will chosen? The man, whom